Domestic Accidents of Children in the Orodara District of Burkina Faso: Mothers' Knowledge of First-Aid Practices.

First-aid practices after a domestic accident are not always known, especially in Africa. This study aimed to measure mothers' knowledge of emergency procedures and attitudes in the event of domestic accidents in children. We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Orodara health district, Kénédougou province, Burkina Faso, among mothers of children aged 0-14 years. The dependent variable was the mothers' knowledge of domestic accident first-aid practices, and the independent variables were the sociodemographic characteristics of the households and the mothers. Determinants were identified using linear regression with a threshold of 5%. A total of 798 mothers were surveyed. The mean knowledge score was 6.9 (standard deviation = 1.5) out of 19. Upon our multivariate analysis, the factors associated with the mothers' knowledge about first-aid practices were the mothers' age, the number of children under 14 years old living in the same household, the household size, the score for knowledge of non-recommended attitudes, the mothers' level of education, and the place of residence. This study showed that awareness campaigns, especially in rural areas, seem important in improving mothers' knowledge of first-aid practices in domestic accidents and, therefore, reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with domestic accidents.

Reconstruction of Bilateral Upper and Lower Eyelid Ectropion Caused by a Liquid Unblocker Chemical Burn.

Liquid drain unblockers, although meant to be used by professionals with protective equipment, are sometimes used in the household without any precautions. This could lead to severe chemical burns, as in the case we present with severe eyelid ectropion. This study aims to stress the need for preventive measures regarding the use of chemicals and for close observation and timely surgical intervention in chemical burn patients to prevent and limit disfigurement. A 45-year-old woman was injured while using an unblocker (90% sulfuric acid) at home. Accidentally, a quantity of the liquid was spilled on her face. She was initially examined in ophthalmology emergencies because of the obvious ocular involvement, and the cutaneous component was underestimated. On the third post-burn day, she was referred as an outpatient to our clinic, and because of the soft consistency and patchy pattern of the burn, she was asked to revisit in a week. Unfortunately, she reappeared two months post-burn with severe ectropion of all four eyelids and a high risk of corneal abrasion, desiccation, and further damage to the already injured left eye as well as the right eye. She underwent three operations in six months and a fourth 15 months after the accident, with the release of the scarred eyelids with full-thickness skin grafts, Z-plasties, and V-Y plasties. After four operations and sessions of triamcinolone acetonide intralesional injection, the patient has a satisfactory eyelid position and function with adequate closure and scar maturation. Domestic use of strong industrial chemicals is dangerous, and public education for prevention is urgently needed. On the other hand, it is mandatory to follow up very closely with chemical burn patients to prevent severe sequelae, especially in the delicate and contraction-prone periocular and perioral areas. Reconstruction, in these cases, is a complex task. Often, several surgeries are needed to restore acceptable function and appearance. Burn disfigurement and self-stigma will follow the patients to some extent throughout their lives.

Tecnologias para prevenção de acidentes domésticos em crianças na primeira infância: revisão de escopo / Technologies for preventing domestic accidents in early childhood children: scoping review / Tecnologías de prevención de accidentes domésticos en la primera infancia revisión

A primeira infância é o período que compreende os primeiros seis anos de vida de uma criança. Nesse período ocorre grande parte do seu desenvolvimento físico, psicológico e cognitivo. Objetivo deste estudo foi mapear na literatura as tecnologias utilizadas para prevenção de acidentes domésticos em crianças na primeira infância. Para tal, realizou-se uma revisão de escopo seguindo as diretrizes do PRISMA. Para tanto, os descritores foram "accident home", "child preschool", "accident prevention" e "technology" e descritor não controlado: "toodler". foram consultadas nos bancos de dados de periódicos da PUBMED, SCOPUS, CINAHL, SCIELO, LILACS. Foram incluídos os estudos publicados a partir do ano de 2009 a 2020. Entre os 439 estudos encontrados, 68 artigos eram duplicados, e 361 não atendiam plenamente ao objetivo desta revisão; assim, 10 estudos foram submetidos à apreciação desse escopo. Dentre as tecnologias, a mais utilizadas, foi a tecnologia da informação. Também se utilizou tecnologia impressas do tipo folder, questionários, gamificação, vídeo educativo, dramatização e arteterapia. Os profissionais da saúde têm uma grande responsabilidade na prevenção dos acidentes, pois, os cuidadores depositam muita confiabilidade nestes, que facilitam através de recursos a mudança de comportamentos de risco.

Early childhood is the period comprising the first six years of a child's life. During this period, a large part of their physical, psychological and cognitive development takes place. The aim of this study was to map in the literature the technologies used to prevent domestic accidents in children in early childhood. To this end, a scoping review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines. For that, the descriptors were "accident home", "child preschool", "accident prevention" and "technology" and uncontrolled descriptor: "toodler". were consulted in the journal databases of PUBMED, SCOPUS, CINAHL, SCIELO, LILACS. Studies published from 2009 to 2020 were included. Among the 439 studies found, 68 articles were duplicates, and 361 did not fully meet the objective of this review; thus, 10 studies were submitted to the appreciation of this scoping review. Among the technologies, the most used was information technology. Printed technology such as folders, questionnaires, gamification, educational video, dramatization and art therapy were also used. Health professionals have a great responsibility in the prevention of accidents, as caregivers place a lot of trust in them, which facilitate the change of risk behaviors through resources.

La primera infancia es el periodo que comprende los seis primeros años de la vida de un niño. Durante este periodo tiene lugar gran parte de su desarrollo físico, psicológico y cognitivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue mapear en la literatura las tecnologías utilizadas para prevenir accidentes domésticos en niños en la primera infancia. Para ello, se realizó una revisión de alcance siguiendo las directrices PRISMA. Para ello, los descriptores fueron "accident home", "child preschool", "accident prevention" y "technology" y el descriptor no controlado: "toodler". se consultaron en las bases de datos de revistas de PUBMED, SCOPUS, CINAHL, SCIELO, LILACS. Se incluyeron los estudios publicados entre 2009 y 2020. Entre los 439 estudios encontrados, 68 artículos eran duplicados y 361 no cumplían totalmente el objetivo de esta revisión; por lo tanto, 10 estudios fueron sometidos a la apreciación de esta revisión de alcance. Entre las tecnologías, la más utilizada fue la informática. También se utilizó tecnología impresa, como carpetas, cuestionarios, gamificación, vídeo educativo, dramatización y arteterapia. Los profesionales sanitarios tienen una gran responsabilidad en la prevención de accidentes, ya que los cuidadores depositan mucha confianza en ellos, lo que facilita el cambio de conductas de riesgo a través de los recursos.

Experiencias de madres con accidentes domésticos infantiles: consideraciones a la luz del Modelo de Adaptación de Roy / Mothers’ experiences with domestic accidents in children: considerations in the light of Roy’s Adaptation Model

Objetivo principal: Describir las experiencias de las madres que vivieron accidentes domésticos que involucraron a sus hijos, a la luz del Modelo de Adaptación de Roy. Método: Estudio cualitativo. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas y sometidos a la técnica de análisis de contenido. Se utilizó como marco teórico el Modelo de Adaptación de Roy. Resultados principales: Participaron 17 madres, cuyos discursos fueron agrupados en tres categorías: enfrentar el desafío de salvar la vida de su hijo; reconocer el momento de (falta de) cuidado de su hijo; y aprender de sus errores. Conclusión principal: Se identificaron madres con dificultades para reconocer sus errores y posibles negligencias, que les atribuyeron la responsabilidad del accidente al hijo. Los enfermeros, cuando basan su práctica clínica en el Modelo de Adaptación de Roy, deben prestarles atención a las necesidades emocionales de los sistemas adaptativos de los involucrados.(AU)

Objective: To describe the experiences of mothers who underwent domestic accidents involving their children, in the light of Roy's Adaptation Model. Method: A qualitative study. The data were collected in the participants' homes through semi-structured interviews and submitted to the content analysis technique. Roy's Adaptation Model was used as theoretical framework. Main results: The study participants were 17 mothers, whose testimonies were grouped into three thematic categories: Facing the challenge of saving their child's life; Recognizing the moment of (lack of) care with their child; and Learning from their own mistakes. Main conclusion: Mothers with difficulties recognizing their mistakes and possible negligence were identified, attributing responsibility for the accident to their own child. When adopting Roy's Adaptation Model to anchor their clinical practice, nurses must be aware of the emotional needs of the adaptive systems of those involved.(AU)

A Study on Domestic Accidents Among Women in a Coastal Area of Mangaluru, Karnataka.

Background Domestic accidents are a worldwide health problem because of an epidemiological transition from communicable to non-communicable diseases. 'Modern Day Epidemic' is the term coined for accidents. Due in large part to the fact that they have not been accurately counted, domestic accidents have not yet received the same level of attention as traffic accidents or work-related injuries. The objectives of the study were (i) to assess the prevalence of domestic accidents among women, and (ii) to study the epidemiological factors associated with domestic accidents. Materials and methods This was a community-based cross-sectional study carried out in Panemangaluru, Dakshina Kannada, from Jun 2016 to December 2017. Complete enumeration was done and all the women above 18 years of age were interviewed. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, a history of home accidents, and accident-related factors were gathered using a pre-tested, validated, semi-structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results Among 1573 subjects, the prevalence of domestic accidents among rural women was 35.9%. Most (28.5%) domestic accidents were in the age group of 30 to 39 years. The most common domestic accident was injuries from sharp objects (51.2%). The majority of domestic accidents (38.9%) occurred in the morning or evening hours, and the kitchen (75.9%) was the most common place of occurrence. The majority of victims received care at home, and in 96.2% of domestic accidents, complete recovery was noted. Conclusion The prevalence of domestic accidents in rural women was 35.9%. Injuries from sharp objects were the most common type of domestic accident.

Death of children by domestic accidents: unveiling the maternal experience / Muerte de niños por accidentes domésticos: desvelando la experiencia materna / Morte de crianças por acidentes domésticos: desvelando a experiência materna

ABSTRACT Objectives: to unveil the meanings of mothers whose children died as a result of domestic accidents in childhood. Methods: a qualitative research, in the light of Heideggerian phenomenology, with ten mothers whose children died from domestic accidents. It was carried out in a municipality of the Northeast Region of Brazil through phenomenological interviews between May and June 2017. The existential analytic was constituted by the comprehensive moments of the Heideggerian method. Results: the meanings unveiled pointed out that, to understand the sudden death of her child, the mother oscillates between feeling guilty, pointing and denying guilt. She reports emptiness, permanent pain, non-acceptance of her child's death, and the desire to keep him in her life. In this journey, the fear that brings limitations to her life and that of her other children is revealed. Final Considerations: it was revealed that the death of the child in infancy compromises the integrality of being a mother, indicating the need for systematic and continuous care for the adequate management of the emotional and social effects.

RESUMEN Objetivos: desvelar sentidos de madres cuyos hijos murieron en consecuencia de accidentes domésticos en la infancia. Métodos: investigación cualitativa, basada en la fenomenología de Heidegger, con diez madres cuyos hijos murieron por accidentes domésticos. Realizado em municipio del Nordeste brasileño mediante entrevista fenomenológica entre mayo y junio de 2017. Analítica existencial constituida por momentos comprensivos del método de Heidegger. Resultados: los sentidos desvelados apuntaron que, para comprender la muerte repentina del hijo, la madre oscila entre sentirse culpable, apuntar y negar culpables. Refiere vacío, dolor permanente, no aceptación de la muerte del hijo y deseo de mantenerlo en su vivido. En ese caminar, revela el miedo que trae limitaciones para su vida y sus otros hijos. Consideraciones Finales: se desveló que la muerte del hijo en la infancia compromete la integralidad del ser madre, indicando la necesidad de cuidado sistematizado y continuo para conducción adecuada de efectos emocionales y sociales.

RESUMO Objetivos: desvelar os sentidos de mães cujos filhos morreram em decorrência de acidentes domésticos na infância. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, à luz da fenomenologia heideggeriana, com dez mães cujos filhos morreram por acidentes domésticos. Realizou-se em município da Região Nordeste do Brasil mediante entrevista fenomenológica entre maio e junho de 2017. A analítica existencial constituiu-se pelos momentos compreensivos do método heideggeriano. Resultados: os sentidos desvelados apontaram que, para compreender a morte repentina do filho, a mãe oscila entre sentir-se culpada, apontar e negar culpados. Refere vazio, dor permanente, não aceitação da morte do filho e desejo de mantê-lo em seu vivido. Nesse caminhar, revela-se o medo que traz limitações para sua vida e a de seus outros filhos. Considerações Finais: desvelou-se que a morte do filho na infância compromete a integralidade do ser mãe, indicando a necessidade de cuidado sistematizado e contínuo para a condução adequada dos efeitos emocionais e sociais.

Children's Activity Classification for Domestic Risk Scenarios Using Environmental Sound and a Bayesian Network.

Children's healthcare is a relevant issue, especially the prevention of domestic accidents, since it has even been defined as a global health problem. Children's activity classification generally uses sensors embedded in children's clothing, which can lead to erroneous measurements for possible damage or mishandling. Having a non-invasive data source for a children's activity classification model provides reliability to the monitoring system where it is applied. This work proposes the use of environmental sound as a data source for the generation of children's activity classification models, implementing feature selection methods and classification techniques based on Bayesian networks, focused on the recognition of potentially triggering activities of domestic accidents, applicable in child monitoring systems. Two feature selection techniques were used: the Akaike criterion and genetic algorithms. Likewise, models were generated using three classifiers: naive Bayes, semi-naive Bayes and tree-augmented naive Bayes. The generated models, combining the methods of feature selection and the classifiers used, present accuracy of greater than 97% for most of them, with which we can conclude the efficiency of the proposal of the present work in the recognition of potentially detonating activities of domestic accidents.

Percepção de cuidadores quanto aos riscos de acidentes na infância / Perception of caregivers as to the risk of accidents in childhood

Objetivo: compreender como cuidadores de crianças menores de dez anos percebem os riscos de acidentes no ambiente doméstico. Metodologia: estudo do tipo transversal. Foram entrevistados 60 (sessenta) responsáveis por alunos de uma escola pública municipal. A coleta de dados ocorreu em dezembro de 2014 e de julho a outubro de 2015. Resultados: quanto à amostra houve a prevalência de mulheres entre 18 e 40 anos de idade, com companheiro e ensino médio. A maior parte relatou não trabalhar e possuir renda média familiar de até 1 salário mínimo. A percepção geral dos entrevistados foi a de que a queda é o acidente não letal mais comum e o acidente automobilístico é o que causa mais mortes de crianças no país. Afirmaram ainda que os maiores riscos em casa são a queda seguida da queimadura, mas apenas uma pequena parcela acreditava que os riscos são passíveis de prevenção. Conclusão: acidentes com crianças em casa ainda são subestimados e pouco valorizados pelos adultos. Assim é fundamental que esforços sejam empreendidos para conscientizar os cuidadores quanto ao tema e a necessidade do seu comprometimento para que haja uma efetiva redução desses índices no país.

Objective: to understand how carers of children under ten perceive the risks of accidents in the domestic environment. Methodology: cross-sectional study. Were interviewed 60 (sixty) responsible by students of a municipal public school. The data were collected during the periods of December 2014 and from July to October 2015. Results: as for the sample, there was a prevalence of women between 18 and 40 years of age, with partner and high school. Most reported not working and owning average family income of up to 1 minimum wage. The general perception of the interviewees was that the fall is the most common non-fatal accident and the automobile accident is what causes the most child deaths in the country. They also said that the biggest risks at home are the fall followed by the burn, but only a small portion believed that the risks are preventable. Conclusion: accidents with children at home are still underestimated and undervalued by adults. Thus, it is fundamental that efforts be made to educate caregivers about the theme and the need for their commitment so that there is an effective reduction of these indices in the country

Gender, socioeconomic, medical, and environmental factors related to domestic accidents of the elderly in Spain. Findings of a national survey.

Domestic accidents pose serious threats to the independence of the elderly. We explored associations between domestic accidents and gender, socioeconomic, medical, and environmental factors using data from the European Health Survey 2014 for elderly Spanish female and male nationals. Records of 5960 participants (mean age ± SD: 75.9 ± 7.6 years), 59.8% of whom were women, were examined. Domestic accidents occurred in 460 (7.1%) seniors, predominately in women (78.5%). Age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.02 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-1.03, p = .003], female gender (aOR 2.04 [95% CI 1.60-2.60, p < .001]), difficulty managing 12 stairs (reference: none) (some: aOR 2.03 [95% CI 1.53-2.68, p < .001]; much: aOR 2.88 [95% CI 2.15-3.87, p < .001]; inability: aOR 3.09 [95% CI 2.14-4.45, p < .001]), and depressive symptoms severity (reference: absent) (mild: aOR 1.44 [95% CI 1.10-1.89, p = .008]; moderate: aOR 1.91 [95% CI 1.35-2.71, p < .001];. Very severe: aOR 2.53 [95% CI 1.72-3.71, p < .001]; extremely severe: aOR 2.38 [95% CI 1.45-3.93, p = .001]) were independently associated with domestic accidents. Severity of depressive symptoms was the most prominent feature for women, while inability to manage 12 stairs was the most prominent for men. Our results suggest important gender differences in factors associated with domestic accidents that are relevant to intervention and preventive programs.

Evaluación de impacto de la intervención Módulo Ambientes Seguros para la prevención de accidentes domésticos durante la primera infancia / Impact assessment of the Safe Environment Intervention Module for prevention of domestic accidents during early childhood

Resumen El impacto de la intervención Módulo Ambientes Seguros contra los accidentes domésticos que sufren niños durante la primera infancia fue evaluado a través de visitas domiciliarias en las cuales se valoró el nivel de riesgo de accidentes domésticos y la calidad del contexto inmediato de desarrollo temprano de los niños, antes y después de la intervención, en dos grupos. Se conformó un grupo intervención de 29 cuidadoras y un grupo control de 18 participantes que fueron seleccionadas según su disponibilidad para ser visitadas en sus hogares y para participar en la intervención. Los resultados mostraron que la intervención mejoró la calidad del contexto inmediato del desarrollo temprano de los niños en su dimensión interacción, y disminuyó la conducta de dejar solos a los niños en casa. Al finalizar, las participantes manifestaron un alto grado de satisfacción con la intervención Módulo Ambientes Seguros.

The Safe Environment Intervention Module for the prevention of domestic accidents in early childhood was assessed using home visits to test its effects on the level of risk of domestic accidents, as well as the quality of the immediate context of early child development. The intervention was developed in four sessions in which 29 caregivers participated. They self-reported their satisfaction at the end of the intervention. A control group with 18 caregivers was formed according to their availability. The results showed that the intervention improves the quality of the immediate context of early child development in their interactive dimensions, and reduces the behaviour of leaving children alone at home. Participants were highly satisfied with the Safe Environment Intervention Module.

[Domestic accidents in patients with multiple sclerosis: proposal and application of questionnaires for their detection]. / Gli incidenti domestici nei pazienti con Sclerosi Multipla: proposta e applicazione di questionari per la loro rilevazione.

OBJECTIVES: Domestic accidents are an important topic as for different viewpoints: for the people that could be victim of them, for the health and economic systems. It could be imagined that people affected by neurological diseases, such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), could incur into domestic accidents more frequently than people in the general population. Aim of the present work is to introduce a survey's questionnaire for registering occurrence and characteristics of domestic accidents in a population with particular features such as MS patients. METHODS: In 2011, a first edition of this survey questionnaire was already proposed and then applied with a sample of MS patients (QuID). RESULTS: A subsequent newest version of the test (QuID-II) has then been proposed, based on the information collected and on the limits showed by that first edition. CONCLUSIONS: With this new version deepen information can be collected on the characteristics, the biological, environmental and behavioural risk factors for the occurrence of domestic accidents, and this could be useful in planning prevention programs.

Fatores de risco no ambiente doméstico para quedas em crianças menores de cinco anos / Factores de riesgo en el ambiente doméstico para caídas en niños menores de cinco años / Risk factors in the domestic environment for falls in children under five years of age

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar os fatores de risco no ambiente doméstico para a ocorrência de quedas em crianças menores de cinco anos. Método Estudo transversal realizado em maio e junho de 2016 com 344 cuidadores de crianças do Nordeste do Brasil. Utilizou-se um formulário referente às questões socioeconômicas e um check-list para observação do ambiente. Realizaram-se análises bivariadas, utilizando-se teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados Estiveram associados ao risco de quedas em crianças menores de cinco anos: Rede alta (p=0,015), presença de escada ou degraus sem corrimão (p=0,003) e saídas e passagens mantidas com brinquedos, móveis, caixas ou outros itens que possam ser obstrutivos (p=0,002). Conclusão Os fatores no ambiente doméstico identificados como associados ao risco de quedas em crianças menores de cinco anos demonstram que existe a necessidade de construir estratégias de prevenção relacionadas à estrutura e organização desse ambiente.

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar los factores de riesgo en el ambiente doméstico para la ocurrencia de caídas en niños menores de cinco años. Método Estudio transversal, realizado en mayo y junio de 2016 con 344 cuidadores de niños del Nordeste de Brasil. Se utilizó un formulario referente a las cuestiones socioeconómicas y un check-list para observación del ambiente. Se realizaron análisis bivariados, utilizando la prueba Chi-cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados Se han asociado al riesgo de caídas en niños menores de cinco años: Red alta (p=0,015), presencia de escalera o escalones sin barandilla (p=0,003) y salidas y pasajes mantenidos con juguetes, muebles, cajas u otros elementos que puedan ser obstructivos (p=0,002). Conclusion Los factores en el ambiente doméstico identificados como asociados al riesgo de caídas en niños menores de cinco años demuestran que existe la necesidad de construir estrategias de prevención relacionadas a la estructura y organización de ese ambiente.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the risk factors in the domestic environment for the occurrence of falls in children under five years of age. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in May and in June of 2016 with 344 caregivers of children from Northeast Brazil. A socio-economic questionnaire and a checklist for environmental observation were used. Bivariate analyzes were performed using Pearson's Chi-square test. Results They were associated with the risk of falls in children under 5 years of age: High net (p = 0.015), presence of stairs or steps without a handrail (p=0.003), and exits and passages kept with toys, furniture, boxes or other items that may be obstructive (p=0.002). Conclusion The factors in the domestic environment identified as associated with the risk of falls in children under five years of age demonstrate that there is a need to construct prevention strategies related to the structure and organization of this environment.

Prevenção de acidentes domésticos infantis: susceptibilidade percebida pelas cuidadoras / Domestic accident prevention for children: perceived susceptibility by thecaregivers / Prevención de accidentes domésticos para niños: susceptibilidad percibida por los cuidadores

Objective: To describe the perception of home caregivers of children about the susceptibility of children under their care for the child domestic accidents. Method: exploratory, descriptive, and a qualitative study carried out in Natal/RN, Brazil, with 19 caregivers of children. The data were analyzed based on the Collective Subject Discourse and analyzed based on the perceived susceptibility, one of the pillars of the Health Belief Model. Results: all subjects deemed avoidable child domestic accidents. There were discordant perceptions regarding changes of risks to these accidents and the susceptibility of the house inhabited for these episodes identified. This triggered the development distinct categories, pointing from the existence of various risks to the non-recognition of susceptibility to such events. Conclusion: it is necessary that as a health educator, the nurse performed comprehensive actions and directed to inter-sectoral caregivers to prevent such accidents.

Objetivo: Descrever a percepção de cuidadores domiciliares de crianças quanto à susceptibilidade das crianças sob seus cuidados para os acidentes domésticos infantis. Método: estudo exploratório, descritivo e qualitativo, realizado em Natal/RN, Brasil, com 19 cuidadores de crianças. Os dados foram tratados com base no Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo e analisados à luz da susceptibilidade percebida, um dos pilares do Modelo de Crenças em Saúde. Resultados: todos os sujeitos julgaram os acidentes domésticos infantis evitáveis. Foram identificadas percepções destoantes quanto às mudanças dos riscos para esses acidentes e à susceptibilidade da casa habitada para esses episódios. Isso desencadeou a elaboração categorias distintas, que apontavam desde a existência de riscos diversos até o não reconhecimento de susceptibilidade a esses eventos. Conclusão: faz-se necessário que o enfermeiro, enquanto educador em saúde, realize ações integrais e intersetoriais voltadas para os cuidadores a fim de prevenir esses acidentes.

Objetivo: Describir la percepción de los cuidadores del hogar de los niños acerca de la susceptibilidad de los niños bajo su cuidado en los accidentes domésticos infantiles. Método: estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y cualitativo, que se realizó en Natal/RN, Brasil, con 19 cuidadores de niños. Los datos fueron tratados con base en el Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo y analizados con base en la susceptibilidad percibida, uno de los pilares del modelo de creencias de salud. Resultados: todos consideraron los accidentes domésticos infantiles evitables. Fueron identificados percepciones discordantes respecto a los cambios de los riesgos para estos accidentes y la susceptibilidad de la casa habitada por estos episodios. Esto dio lugar a las distintas categorías de desarrollo, apuntando la existencia de diversos riesgos para el no reconocimiento de la susceptibilidad a estos eventos. Conclusión: es necesario que el enfermero, como educador de salud, realice acciones integrales e intersectoriales dirigidas a los cuidadores con el fin de prevenir este tipo de accidentes.

Atendimentos de emergência por causas externas não intencionais envolvendo idosos de Florianópolis, SC: viva 2006-2007 / Emergency calls for external causes not intentional involving older ones from Florianópolis, SC: 2006-2007 viva

O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever o perfil dos atendimentos de urgência e emergência por acidentes não intencionais em idosos da capital do estado de Santa Catarina. Participaram do estudo idosos acima de 60 anos que foram atendidos nos serviços de urgência e emergência do município de Florianópolis, SC, no período de 2006 (n= 40) e 2007 (n=17), por meio da análise dos dados secundários do Sistema de Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes (VIVA). Foram coletadas informações referentes ao sexo, à idade, à cor da pele, ao grau de escolaridade, à área de domicílio e aos eventos relacionados às injúrias. Em 2006, as causas externas não intencionais predominaram nas mulheres, em idosos de 60 a 69 anos, de cor de pele branca, com escolaridade de primeira a quarta série do ensino fundamental, residentes na área urbana e cujo meio de transporte mais utilizado foi SAMU/Resgate. Em 2007, as causas externas foram mais evidentes nos idosos de 60 a 69 anos, com ensino fundamental, de cor de pele branca, e domiciliados na área urbana. Utilizaram o veículo particular para chegar ao hospital. Em ambos os períodos, o tipo de ocorrência que prevaleceu foram quedas na residência. A natureza da lesão mais frequente foi a de fratura nos membros inferiores. A maioria dos idosos teve alta e encaminhamento ambulatorial, sem registro de óbito. Considera-se de suma importância o estabelecimento de iniciativas de prevenção voltados para idosos e que integrem as práticas de saúde coletiva e do cuidado individual de idosos. (AU)

The aim of this study was to describe the profile of urgent and emergency care and unintentional injuries involving seniors of the state capital of Santa Catarina. Study participants were aged 60 years old who were treated in emergency from Florianópolis, SC, from 2006 (n = 40) and 2007 (n = 17), through the analysis of secondary data collected from reporting Surveillance System for Violence and Accidents (VIVA). Information on gender, age, skin color, level of education and area of residence and from the events related to injury were collected. In 2006, unintentional external causes predominated in 60 -69-year-old women, white skin color, schooling from first to fourth grade elementary incomplete, teaching residents in the urban area and the means of transport most used was SAMU/Rescue. In 2007, external causes were more evident in 60-69-year-olds with primary school, white skin color, resedent in urban area. The private vehicle was the most used to go to the hospital. In both periods, the occurrence of which prevailed was falls in residence. The nature of the most frequent injury was fracture of the lower limbs. Most seniors were discharged and outpatient referral without death record. It is considered of paramount importance to establish prevention initiatives aimed at elderly and integrate the practices of individual and collective health care of the elderly. (AU)

Atendimentos de emergência por causas externas não intencionais envolvendo idosos de Florianópolis, SC: viva 2006-2007 / Emergency calls for external causes not intentional involving older ones from Florianópolis, SC: 2006-2007 viva

O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever o perfil dos atendimentos de urgência e emergência por acidentes não intencionais em idosos da capital do estado de Santa Catarina. Participaram do estudo idosos acima de 60 anos que foram atendidos nos serviços de urgência e emergência do município de Florianópolis, SC, no período de 2006 (n= 40) e 2007 (n=17), por meio da análise dos dados secundários do Sistema de Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes (VIVA). Foram coletadas informações referentes ao sexo, à idade, à cor da pele, ao grau de escolaridade, à área de domicílio e aos eventos relacionados às injúrias. Em 2006, as causas externas não intencionais predominaram nas mulheres, em idosos de 60 a 69 anos, de cor de pele branca, com escolaridade de primeira a quarta série do ensino fundamental, residentes na área urbana e cujo meio de transporte mais utilizado foi SAMU/Resgate. Em 2007, as causas externas foram mais evidentes nos idosos de 60 a 69 anos, com ensino fundamental, de cor de pele branca, e domiciliados na área urbana. Utilizaram o veículo particular para chegar ao hospital. Em ambos os períodos, o tipo de ocorrência que prevaleceu foram quedas na residência. A natureza da lesão mais frequente foi a de fratura nos membros inferiores. A maioria dos idosos teve alta e encaminhamento ambulatorial, sem registro de óbito. Considera-se de suma importância o estabelecimento de iniciativas de prevenção voltados para idosos e que integrem as práticas de saúde coletiva e do cuidado individual de idosos.

The aim of this study was to describe the profile of urgent and emergency care and unintentional injuries involving seniors of the state capital of Santa Catarina. Study participants were aged 60 years old who were treated in emergency from Florianópolis, SC, from 2006 (n = 40) and 2007 (n = 17), through the analysis of secondary data collected from reporting Surveillance System for Violence and Accidents (VIVA). Information on gender, age, skin color, level of education and area of residence and from the events related to injury were collected. In 2006, unintentional external causes predominated in 60 -69-year-old women, white skin color, schooling from first to fourth grade elementary incomplete, teaching residents in the urban area and the means of transport most used was SAMU/Rescue. In 2007, external causes were more evident in 60-69-year-olds with primary school, white skin color, resedent in urban area. The private vehicle was the most used to go to the hospital. In both periods, the occurrence of which prevailed was falls in residence. The nature of the most frequent injury was fracture of the lower limbs. Most seniors were discharged and outpatient referral without death record. It is considered of paramount importance to establish prevention initiatives aimed at elderly and integrate the practices of individual and collective health care of the elderly.

A criança vítima de acidentes domésticos sob o olhar das teorias de enfermagem / Niños victimas de accidentes domésticos bajo la mirada de teorías de enfermería / Accident victim of domestic child under the look of nursing theories

Objective: to show, from the scientific production, domestic accidents with children and relate them to Nursing Theories. Method: this is an integrative review, held in July 2013 in the databases: LILACS, SciELO, BDENF and MEDLINE. As inclusion criteria there was research working with the theme; available in its entirety; in Portuguese, Spanish or English, published between 2000 and 2013 and the exclusion criteria was monographs and abstracts. Results: domestic accidents have revealed an important cause of assistance, hospitalizations, disabilities and deaths in children, especially males, aged 1-4 years old. Nursing Theories to corroborate these findings, showing that these accidents are justified by the changes taking place in the individual at every stage of life were used. Conclusion: nursing must establish strategies to minimize the risk of accidents through protective actions and health promotion.

Objetivo: mostrar, a partir da produção científica, os acidentes domésticos com crianças e correlacioná-los às Teorias de Enfermagem. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada em julho de 2013, nas bases de dados: LILACS, SCIELO, BDENF e MEDLINE. Adotaram-se como critérios de inclusão: pesquisas realizadas que trabalhassem com o tema; disponíveis na íntegra; em língua portuguesa, espanhola ou inglesa, publicadas entre 2000 e 2013, sendo excluídos: trabalhos monográficos e resumos. Resultados: os acidentes domésticos têm se revelado uma importante causa de atendimentos, internações, incapacidades e óbitos em crianças, principalmente do sexo masculino, na faixa etária de 1 a 4 anos. Utilizou-se Teorias de Enfermagem que corroborassem com esses achados para mostrar que esses acidentes são justificados pelas mudanças que acontecem no indivíduo em cada etapa da vida. Conclusão: cabe a Enfermagem estabelecer estratégias para minimizar os riscos de acidentes por meio de ações de proteção e promoção da saúde.

Objetivo: mostrar, a partir de la producción científica, accidentes domésticos con los niños y la relación con las Teorías de Enfermería. Métodos: se trata de una revisión integradora, realizada en julio de 2013 en las bases de datos: LILACS, SciELO, BDENF y MEDLINE. Se han adoptado como criterios de inclusión: estudios que trabajan con el tema; disponible en su totalidad; en portugués, español o Inglés publicados entre 2000 y 2013 y fueron excluidos: monografías y resúmenes. Resultados: accidentes domésticos han revelado una causa importante de visitas, hospitalizaciones, discapacidades y muertes en los niños, especialmente los varones, con edades entre 1-4 años. Utilizamos Teorías de Enfermería para corroborar estos hallazgos para mostrar que estos accidentes se justifican por los cambios que se producen en el individuo en cada etapa de la vida. Conclusión: enfermería debe establecer estrategias para minimizar el riesgo de accidentes a través de acciones de protección y promoción de la salud.

Burden, distribution and impact of domestic accidents in a semi-urban area of coastal Tamil Nadu, India.

The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of domestic accidents, describe the factors associated with domestic accidents and assess the medical and economical consequences of domestic accidents. Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a semi-urban area of Tamil Nadu during February 2013. A total of 3947 study participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Study variables included were socio-demography, housing conditions, epidemiological factors, medical and economical consequences of domestic accidents. Means and proportions were calculated. The prevalence of domestic accidents was 12.7%. Out of 500 domestic accidents, falls (54.4%) was the most common type of domestic accident. Females and the respondents in age group of 21-40 years were more commonly affected. About 60% of victims received treatment. Mean duration of hospital stay, mean amount of money spent for treatment and mean number of days away from routine work for falls category were 16 days, US$25 and 8 days, respectively, which are higher than other types of accidents. The burden and impact of domestic accidents was high. Therefore, in order to prevent and control domestic accidents, promotion of house safety measures and creation of awareness among the community using IEC programmes have to be undertaken.

Acidentes domésticos em crianças: concepções práticas dos agentes comunitários de saúde / Domestic accidents among children: practical conceptions of community health workers / Accidentes domésticos con niños: concepciones prácticas de los agentes comunitarios de salud

Pesquisa qualitativa do tipo descritivo-exploratória, que objetivou compreender a atuação prática dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde diante dos acidentes domésticos em crianças menores de cinco anos, desenvolvida com oito profissionais cadastrados em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do município de Floriano, Piauí. Os dados foram coletados em março de 2014, tendo como método a pesquisa-ação e analisados segundo análise temática, na qual emergiram três categorias: Vigilância do ambiente domiciliar, Estratégias educativas destinadas aos cuidadores e Condutas diante da ocorrência de acidentes. Os dados demonstram ser imprescindível o planejamento de uma metodologia apropriada para ser desenvolvida com os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde, que favoreça a qualificação da sua prática no âmbito da saúde da criança no contexto dos acidentes domésticos. Estes resultados podem contribuir para uma rediscussão das práticas de Educação Permanente em Saúde e fomentar o investimento dos gestores do Sistema Único de Saúde, em ações educativas formadoras e emancipadoras.

This qualitative, descriptive-exploratory research aimed to understand the practical work of the Community Health Workers regarding domestic accidents among children below five years old. It was undertaken with eight professionals registered in a Primary Healthcare Center in the municipality of Floriano, in the Brazilian State of Piauí. The data were collected in March 2014, the method was action-research, and the data were analyzed in accordance with thematic analysis, in which three categories emerged: Surveillance of the domestic environment, Educational strategies aimed at the caregivers, and Conducts regarding the occurrence of accidents. The data show that it is essential to plan an appropriate methodology to be undertaken with the Community Health Workers, which favors the qualification of their practice in the ambit of children's health in the context of domestic accidents. These results may contribute to the re-discussion of the Continuous Education in Health practices and encourage investment from the managers of the Unified Health System in formative and emancipatory educational actions.

Investigación cualitativa del tipo descriptivo y exploratorio, cuyo objetivo fue comprender la actuación práctica de los Agentes Comunitarios de Salud delante de los accidentes domésticos con niños de hasta cinco años, desarrollada con ocho profesionales registrados en una Unidad Básica de Salud del municipio de Floriano, Piauí. Los datos fueron obtenidos en marzo de 2014 y el método utilizado fue el de la investigación-acción, siendo observados de acuerdo al análisis temático, del cual resultaron tres categorías: Vigilancia del ambiente domiciliar, Estrategias educativas destinadas a los cuidadores y Conductas delante de la ocurrencia de accidentes. Los datos muestran ser imprescindible el planeamiento de una metodología adecuada a ser desarrollada con los Agentes Comunitarios de Salud, que favorezca la cualificación de la práctica en el ámbito de la salud del niño en el contexto de los accidentes domésticos. Los resultados pueden contribuir para una nueva discusión de las prácticas de Educación Permanente en Salud y fomentar la inversión de los gestores del Sistema Único de Salud, en acciones educativas formadoras y emancipadoras.

Ferimento transfixante em criança: relato de caso clínico / Transfixing injury in a child: a case report

Ferimentos penetrantes em região de cabeça e pescoço podem ter morbidade e mortalidade significativos. avaliação rápida e adequadas condições de tratamento iniciais, especialmente no que se refereà estabilidade das vias aéreas e controle vascular, são fundamentais no correto manejo dessas lesões. O presente artigo se constitui em de um relato de caso em criança após acidente transfixante em pescoço e face, buscando trazer uma revisão de literatura sobre o assunto e as diretrizes atuais de tratamento para esse tipo de lesão.

Penetrating injuries to the neck and head can have significant morbidity and mortality. Rapid assessment and prompt management of life threatening conditions especially airway and vascular control is essential in early management. The following article it is a case report of a child after accident transfixing neck and face, seeking to bring a literature review on the subject and the current guidelines for treating this type of injury.