[Diagnostic efficacy of indirect haemagglutination assay for detection of Schistosoma japonicum infections among boatmen and fishermen in the Dongting Lake region].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA) for detection of Schistosoma japonicum infections among boatmen and fishermen in Dongting Lake region, so as to provide insights into improving the schistosomiasis surveillance program among boatmen and fishermen. METHODS: The boatmen and fishermen were detected for S. japonicum infections using IHA and Kato-Katz technique or miracidium hatching test nylon gauze simultaneously at schistosomiasis testing sites in the anchor sites for boatmen and fishermen in the Dongting Lake region during the period from 2014 to 2016, and using IHA for serological screening followed by parasitological testing of seropositives during the period from 2017 to 2019. The sensitivity and specificity of IHA were evaluated for detection of S. japonicum infections among boatmen and fishermen, with the 2014-2016 parasitological testing results as a gold standard. In addition, the seroprevalence of S. japonicum infections was compared among boatmen and fishermen with different characteristics and among years. RESULTS: A total of 306 schistosomiasis testing sites were assigned for boatmen and fishermen, and a total of 143 360 person-time boatmen and fishermen were tested for S. japonicum infections in the Dongting Lake region from 2014 to 2019. The sensitivity and specificity of IHA were 69.9%, 97.3% and 96.1% (χ2 = 74.6, P < 0.05), and 70.9%, 74.5% and 71.9% for detection of S. japonicum infections from 2014 to 2016 (χ2 = 29.4, P < 0.05), respectively. The seroprevalence of S. japonicum infections reduced from 30.3% in 2014 to 1.8% in 2019 among boatmen and fishermen, appearing an overall tendency towards a decline (Z = 1 552.4, P < 0.05). In addition, male, individuals at ages of 45 to 60 years, full-time boatmen and fishermen were more likely to be seropositive for S. japonicum infections (all P values < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The seroprevalence of S. japonicum infections appeared a tendency towards a decline among boatmen and fishermen in the Dongting Lake region year by year from 2014 to 2019. IHA presented a high efficacy for screening of S. japonicum infections among boatmen and fishermen in the Dongting Lake region.

Diagnostic efficacy of indirect haemagglutination assay for detection of Schistosoma japonicum infections among boatmen and fishermen in the Dongting Lake region / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA) for detection of Schistosoma japonicum infections among boatmen and fishermen in Dongting Lake region, so as to provide insights into improving the schistosomiasis surveillance program among boatmen and fishermen.@*METHODS@#The boatmen and fishermen were detected for S. japonicum infections using IHA and Kato-Katz technique or miracidium hatching test nylon gauze simultaneously at schistosomiasis testing sites in the anchor sites for boatmen and fishermen in the Dongting Lake region during the period from 2014 to 2016, and using IHA for serological screening followed by parasitological testing of seropositives during the period from 2017 to 2019. The sensitivity and specificity of IHA were evaluated for detection of S. japonicum infections among boatmen and fishermen, with the 2014-2016 parasitological testing results as a gold standard. In addition, the seroprevalence of S. japonicum infections was compared among boatmen and fishermen with different characteristics and among years.@*RESULTS@#A total of 306 schistosomiasis testing sites were assigned for boatmen and fishermen, and a total of 143 360 person-time boatmen and fishermen were tested for S. japonicum infections in the Dongting Lake region from 2014 to 2019. The sensitivity and specificity of IHA were 69.9%, 97.3% and 96.1% (χ2 = 74.6, P < 0.05), and 70.9%, 74.5% and 71.9% for detection of S. japonicum infections from 2014 to 2016 (χ2 = 29.4, P < 0.05), respectively. The seroprevalence of S. japonicum infections reduced from 30.3% in 2014 to 1.8% in 2019 among boatmen and fishermen, appearing an overall tendency towards a decline (Z = 1 552.4, P < 0.05). In addition, male, individuals at ages of 45 to 60 years, full-time boatmen and fishermen were more likely to be seropositive for S. japonicum infections (all P values < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The seroprevalence of S. japonicum infections appeared a tendency towards a decline among boatmen and fishermen in the Dongting Lake region year by year from 2014 to 2019. IHA presented a high efficacy for screening of S. japonicum infections among boatmen and fishermen in the Dongting Lake region.

[Moving towards a new era in elimination of schistosomiasis in Dongting Lake regions].

Hunan Province occupies a particular position in the history of the national schistosomiasis control programme of China. The province is hyperendemic for schistosomiasis, and achieves great successes and many experiences at various stages of the national schistosomiasis control programme of China. Recently, remarkable schistosomiasis control benefits have been achieved in Hunan Province because of the strong political will, increased financial support, intensification of the integrated control strategy and sustainable implementation of the four projects, including management of livestock and humans as sources of Schistosoma japonicum infections, snail control and capability building of schistosomiasis control institutions. In addition, a series of schistosomiasis control models have been created from the schistosomiasis control programme, and the concept of control-research combination and research serving for field control has been achieved, which provides the "Hunan experience" for the natonal schistosomiasis control programme of China. Based on the government-led multisectoralcollaboration principle, further actions are required with scientific control and joint prevention and control, implementation of the integrated strategy with emphases on controlling sources of S. japonicum infections and snails, adequate financial support, improved professional capability building, and innovative medical treatment-prevention combination patterns, so as to achieve the goal of schistosomiasis elimination in Hunan Province as soon as possible.

[Construction of green space ecological network in Dongting Lake region with comprehensive evaluation method]. / 基于综合评价法的洞庭湖区绿地生态网络构建.

Green space ecological network is important for improving the fragmentation of regional ecological space, biodiversity loss, imbalance of supply and demand in ecosystem services, and ensuring regional ecology. With Dongting Lake region as an example, the ecological sources were evaluated and identified, and basic ecological resistance of grid element was calculated from the perspectives of comprehensive ecosystem service function evaluation, potential biodiversity comprehensive index evaluation and morphological spatial pattern analysis with the support of 3S technology. We corrected the basic ecological resistance by night light index, used the minimum cumulative resistance model to identify ecological corridors, and constructed a weighted evaluation model, eva-luated the degree of aggregation and dispersion of the sources, as well as the contribution of ecological connection of the corridors. Furthermore, we compared and evaluated the structural characteristic index of the integrated networks, the potential "source sink" networks and the planning networks. The results showed that the spatial distribution of the sources was uneven, with forest land, shrubland and wetland acounting for 95.9% of the total area. The Dongting Lake wetland located in the middle of the region was at high ecological risk. The closer the source was to the center of the ecological network system and the smaller the average minimum cumulative resistance was to other sources, the stronger the advantages of aggregation and dispersion. The denser the distribution of medium and high ecological quality sources was around the high ecological quality sources, the higher the aggregation and dispersion. The closer the corridor was to the high ecological quality sources, the greater contribution of ecological connection. Forest land, shrubland, especially river played an important role in connecting natural ecosystem and human social system. The "source-sink" planning greenways formed a supplement to the "source-sink" potential ecological corridors. Compared with the "source-sink" potential network, the α, ß, γ and ρ index of the integrated network was increased by 123.1%, 25.8%, 26.2% and 74.6% respectively. Compared with the "source-sink" planning network, the α, ß, γ and ρ index was increased by 190.0%, 31.1%, 32.5% and 114.6% respectively. The results could provide reference for the construction of green space ecological network and planning of land use in Dongting Lake region.

Moving towards a new era in elimination of schistosomiasis in Dongting Lake regions / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Hunan Province occupies a particular position in the history of the national schistosomiasis control programme of China. The province is hyperendemic for schistosomiasis, and achieves great successes and many experiences at various stages of the national schistosomiasis control programme of China. Recently, remarkable schistosomiasis control benefits have been achieved in Hunan Province because of the strong political will, increased financial support, intensification of the integrated control strategy and sustainable implementation of the four projects, including management of livestock and humans as sources of Schistosoma japonicum infections, snail control and capability building of schistosomiasis control institutions. In addition, a series of schistosomiasis control models have been created from the schistosomiasis control programme, and the concept of control-research combination and research serving for field control has been achieved, which provides the "Hunan experience" for the natonal schistosomiasis control programme of China. Based on the government-led multisectoralcollaboration principle, further actions are required with scientific control and joint prevention and control, implementation of the integrated strategy with emphases on controlling sources of S. japonicum infections and snails, adequate financial support, improved professional capability building, and innovative medical treatment-prevention combination patterns, so as to achieve the goal of schistosomiasis elimination in Hunan Province as soon as possible.

Infectivity of Microtus fortis to schistosome in Dongting Lake region / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To study whether Microtus fortis can be infected with schistosome in wild. Methods Two villages (Banghu Village of Yueyang County and Nangang Village of Yuanjiang City) were selected as the study pilots. M. fortis were captured from both outside and inside embankment of the 2 villages. The liver, portal vein and mesentery vein of the captured M. fortis were examined for schistosome eggs, adult worms and schistosomula. Results A total of 1 440 M. fortis were captured, and after examined there were no eggs, adult worms and schistosomula of schistosome found. Conclusion M. fortis can not be infected with schistosome in wild environment.