Balanço do desenvolvimento epistemológico da Educação Física brasileira / Epistemological development overview of Brazilian Physical Education / Balance del desarrollo epistemológico de la Educación Física en Brasil

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta um balanço do desenvolvimento epistemológico da Educação Física brasileira. A análise histórica revela a constituição de um campo plural, caracterizado por propostas, abordagens, vertentes e metodologias diversas. No entanto, o debate epistemológico tem sido permeado por dualidades, o que dificulta a busca por uma abordagem integrada e relacional. Essa situação demanda formas de abordar a Educação Física de maneira integrativa, considerando a complexidade da área e buscando superar as premissas dualistas.

ABSTRACT This article presents an overview of the epistemological development of Brazilian Physical Education. Through a historical analysis, the article reveals the constitution of a diverse field characterized by various proposals, approaches, perspectives, and methodologies. However, the epistemological debate has been marked by dualities, which hinders the quest for an integrated and relational approach. This situation calls for innovative ways to address Physical Education in an integrative manner, considering the complexity of field and striving to overcome dualistic assumptions.

RESUMEN Este artículo presenta un balance del desarrollo epistemológico de la Educación Física brasileña, destacando su consolidación como un espacio autónomo de producción del conocimiento. El análisis histórico revela un campo plural, caracterizado por propuestas, enfoques, corrientes y metodologías diversas. Sin embargo, el debate epistemológico ha estado impregnado de dualidades, lo que dificulta la búsqueda de un enfoque integrado y relacional. Esta situación demanda formas de abordar la Educación Física de manera integradora, considerando la complejidad de la área y buscando superar las premisas dualistas.

Prestress behaviour and ductility requirements in structures: solutions from a unified algebraic approach.

This paper presents an algebraic approach that unifies both the elastic and limit theories of static structural analysis. This approach reveals several previously unpublished improvements, which are based on several dualities in the mathematical description. Firstly, we show a novel duality between the solutions to two different problems: the elastic solution to the internal forces of an externally loaded structure, and the nodal displacements induced by prestressing in one or several elements of the same structure. This duality is proven and discussed. The application of this solution to the limit state analysis is very productive, and includes the determination of the ductility requirements necessary to achieve full plastic behaviour, and the assessment of the prestress needed to limit or eliminate such requirements. The unified framework also allows to obtain the elasto-plastic deformed state at the beginning of the plastic structural collapse. We have also detailed the theoretical duality between two classes of structures-hyperstatic and hypostatic-which was derived from the linear algebra principles that define these solutions. Finally, we studied and exposed the dimensionality reduction of structural problems given by the singular value decomposition and the eigenvalues problem. An illustrative example that clearly illustrates all these points is provided.

Educação Física em tempos de COVID-19: uma análise a partir das dualidades / Physical Education in times of COVID-19: an analysis based on dualities / Educación Física em tiempos del COVID-19: un análisis basado en las dualidades

Este trabalho tem como objetivo problematizar as concepções dualistas que perpassam a área da Educação Física, como a dualidade entre corpo e mente, buscando situá-las no contexto de divisão do trabalho na sociedade capitalista onde percebe-se que essas dualidades são reforçadas a nível da cotidianidade em tempos de pandemia do COVID-19. Realiza-se um debate de cunho filosófico e epistemológico no que diz respeito às concepções dualistas e monistas de mundo, evidenciando que um momento de crise pode ser propício para o exercício filosófico. Além disso, busca-se compreender as especificidades da etapa do Ensino Médio, também marcada por uma educação dual, apontando como horizonte a perspectiva de uma educação integrada e politécnica, que tenha como objetivo uma formação humana omnilateral.

This work aims to problematize the dualist conceptions that permeate the area of Physical Education, such as the duality between body and mind, seeking to situate them in the context of division of labor in capitalist society where it is perceived that these dualities are reinforced at the level of everyday life in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a philosophical and epistemological debate regarding dualist and monist conceptions of the world, showing that a moment of crisis can be conducive to philosophical exercise. In addition, it seeks to understand the specificities of the High School stage, also marked by a dual education, pointing to the horizon the perspective of an integrated and polytechnic education, which has as an objective an onilateral human formation.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo problematizar las concepciones dualistas que permean el área de la Educación Física, como la dualidad entre cuerpo y mente, buscando ubicarlas en el contexto de división del trabajo en la sociedad capitalista donde se percibe que estas dualidades se refuerzan a nivel de la vida cotidiana en tiempos de la pandemia de COVID-19. Realiza un debate filosófico y epistemológico sobre las concepciones dualistas y monistas del mundo, que muestra que un momento de crisis puede ser propicio para el ejercicio filosófico. Además, busca comprender las especificidades de la etapa de la Escuela Secundaria, también marcada por una educación dual, apuntando al horizonte la perspectiva de una educación integrada y politécnica, que tiene como objetivo una formación humana onilateral.

Enacting quality improvement in ten European hospitals: a dualities approach.

BACKGROUND: Hospitals undertake numerous initiatives searching to improve the quality of care they provide, but these efforts are often disappointing. Current models guiding improvement tend to undervalue the tensional nature of hospitals. Applying a dualities approach that is sensitive to tensions inherent to hospitals' quest for improved quality, this article aims to identify which organizational dualities managers should particularly pay attention to. METHODS: A set of cross-national, multi-level case studies was conducted involving 383 semi-structured interviews and 803 h of non-participant observation of key meetings and shadowing of staff in ten purposively sampled hospitals in five European countries (England, the Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden, and Norway). RESULTS: Six dualities that describe the quest for improved quality, each embracing a seemingly contradictory feature were identified: plural consensus, distributed connectedness, orchestrated emergence, formalized fluidity, patient coreness, and cautious generativeness. CONCLUSIONS: We advocate for a move from the usual sequential and project-based and systemic thinking about quality improvement to the development of meta-capabilities to balance the simultaneous operation of opposing ideas or concepts. Doing so will help hospital managers to deal with major challenges of change inherent to quality improvement initiatives.

Rectangular groupoids and related structures.

The quasivariety of groupoids [Formula: see text] satisfying the implication [Formula: see text] generalises rectangular semigroups and central groupoids. We call them rectangular groupoids and find three combinatorial structures based upon arrays, matrices and graphs that are closely related. These generalise several groupoids of independent interest. The quasivariety generates the variety of all groupoids; they satisfy no nontrivial equations. We see some strong connections with isotopy, this being one of the classes of algebras (along with quasigroups) closed under isotopy. We investigate some constructions and show that a regular automorphism exists iff the groupoid is derived from a group via a Cayley graph construction.