Sports medicine treatment based on relieving chronic fatigue and sub-health state / Tratamento da medicina do esporte relacionada ao alivio da fadiga crônica e saúde sub-ótima / Tratamiento de la medicina del deporte relacionada al alivio de la fatiga crónica y salud subóptima

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also known as chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome, has become a common disease in modern medicine. Objective: The paper analyzes the impact of exercise training on patients' quality of life with chronic fatigue syndrome. Methods: We conducted fatigue investigations on college students and analyzed the exercise ability of college students with chronic fatigue syndrome. We then compared the findings with healthy college students. In the process, we recorded the physiological indicators and satisfaction scores of the two groups of patients. Results: Muscle endurance and cardiopulmonary function-related exercise ability of the college students with chronic fatigue syndrome are significantly different. After completing the same exercise, the scores of personal exertions were higher. Conclusion: Appropriate and regular exercise can achieve ideal results in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome. In-depth research, popularization, and application by scholars is highly suggested. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: A síndrome da fadiga crônica (SFC), também conhecida como fadiga crônica e síndrome de disfunção imunológica, tem se tornado uma doença comum para a medicina moderna. Objetivo: Este estudo analisa o impacto do treinamento de exercícios na qualidade de vida de pacientes com síndrome de fadiga crônica. Métodos: Conduzimos investigações sobre a fadiga em estudantes universitários e analisamos a habilidade para exercícios de estudantes universitários com síndrome de fadiga crônica. Durante o processo, registramos indicadores fisiológicos e escores de satisfação dos dois grupos de pacientes. Resultados: A resistência muscular e habilidade em praticar exercícios relacionados à função cardiopulmonar dos estudantes universitários com síndrome de fadiga crônica são significativamente diferentes. Após completar o mesmo exercício, os escores de esforço pessoal eram mais altos. Conclusão: Exercícios adequados e regulares podem atingir resultados ideais no tratamento da síndrome de fadiga crônica. Pesquisas aprofundadas, a popularização e a aplicação por parte de pesquisadores são altamente recomendadas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação de resultados de tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La síndrome de la fatiga crónica (SFC), también conocida como fatiga crónica e inmunodeficiencia, se ha tornado una enfermedad común para la medicina moderna. Objetivo: Este estudio analiza el impacto del entrenamiento de ejercicios en la calidad de vida de pacientes con síndrome de fatiga crónica. Métodos: Conducimos investigaciones sobre la fatiga en estudiantes universitarios y analizamos la habilidad para ejercicios de estudiantes universitarios con síndrome de fatiga crónica. Durante el proceso, registramos indicadores fisiológicos y puntajes de satisfacción de los dos grupos de pacientes. Resultados: La resistencia muscular y habilidad en practicar ejercicios relacionados a la función cardiopulmonar de los estudiantes universitarios con síndrome de fatiga crónica son significativamente diferentes. Tras completar el mismo ejercicio, los puntajes de esfuerzo personal eran más altos. Conclusión: Ejercicios adecuados y regulares pueden atingir resultados ideales en el tratamiento de la síndrome de fatiga crónica. Investigaciones profundizadas, la popularización y la aplicación por los investigadores son altamente recomendadas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de resultados de tratamiento.

Distúrbios do sono: escalas subjetivas e fatores associados em profissionais da saúde em jornada de plantões / Sleep disorders: subjective scales and associated factors in healthcare professionals during their duties

Objetivo: Demonstrar fatores envolvidos nos distúrbios do sono em profissionais que fazem plantões. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal, cuja amostra foi composta de 244 voluntários, plantonistas da área da saúde, sendo 191 do sexo feminino, que responderam a um questionário socioeconômico, associado à aplicação da Escala de Sonolência de Epworth e ao Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh. Os dados foram analisados pelos coeficientes de Spearman e de Kendall Tau, com distribuição de probabilidade gama. Resultados: Houve significância (p<0,05) com o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh e a atividade física (+0,216), ergonomia (+0,148), filhos (-0,146), valor da remuneração (+0,112) e disfunção durante o dia (+0,352). Também houve significância com a Escala de Sonolência de Epworth e atividade física (+0,138), renda familiar (-0,118), trabalho semanal (-0,151), latência do sono (-0,106), duração do sono (-0,107), eficiência do sono (-0,139) e disfunção durante o dia (+0,170). Por fim, a eficiência do sono teve significiância com profissão (-0,209), tabagismo (+0,402), Escala de Sonolência de Epworth (-0,139) e dissonias com a obesidade (índice de massa corporal >30; razão de chance de 1,40; intervalo de confiança de 95% de 1,02-1,94). Conclusão: As medidas autorrelatadas são prontamente obtidas com questionários validados, como a Escala de Sonolência de Epworth e o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh, encontrando-se correlações com renda familiar, ter ou não filhos, índice de massa corporal, atividade física, ergonomia, condições de trabalho, tabagismo e componentes biopsicossociais. Em virtude do caráter transversal deste estudo é indispensável mais estudos com maior follow-up.

Objective: To demonstrate factors involved in sleep disorders in professionals who take shifts. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study whose sample consists of 244 volunteers, on-duty health workers, 191 females, who answered a socioeconomic questionnaire, associated with application of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data were analyzed with Spearman's and Kendall Tau coefficients, and gamma probability distribution. Results: There was significance (p<0,05) with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and physical activity (+0,216), ergonomics (+0,148), children (-0,146), the wage (+0,112), dysfunction during the day (+0,352). Also there was significance with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and physical activity (+0,138), family income (-0,118), weekly workload (-0,151), sleep latency (-0,106), sleep duration (-0,107), sleep efficiency (-0,139), and dysfunction during the day (+0,170). Finally, sleep efficiency was significant with occupation (-0,209), smoking habits (+0,402), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (-0,139), dyssomnia with obesity (body index mass >30; OR of 1,40; CI 95% 1,02-1,94). Conclusion: Self-reported measures are readily obtained with validated questionnaires such as Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, with correlations with family income, having children or not, body mass index, physical activity, ergonomics, working conditions, smoking habits, and biopsychosocial components. Due to the cross-sectional nature of this study, further research with longer follow-up is indispensable.

Comparison between sleep disorders and polysomnographic records of young adults with and without sleep bruxism: a cross-sectional study / Comparación entre trastornos del sueño y registros polisomnográficos de adultos jóvenes con y sin bruxismo del sueño: un estudio transversal

Objectives: To compare sleep disorders and polysomnographic records among a group of young adults with sleep bruxism (SB) and a control group (C). Material and methods: This cross-sectional study considered a consecutive sampling of students from the target population, searching for cases of SB until 20 individuals with and without SB were obtained. Sleep disorders were determined by applying both medical records and physiological records during sleep which were gathered from a polysomnography exam. To establish the difference of the means according to SB, the T-Student or Mann-Whitney U tests were used, depending on the data. A Logistic Regression analysis was also applied. Results: The study found differences (p-value<0.05) in the variables related to the sleep disorder: the possibility of major depressive episode (SB: 30% - C: 5%), degree of nasal airway obstruction (SB: 20% - C: 10%) and in polysomnographic registers: sleep time stage 1 (SB: 9 min - C: 18 min), Rapid Eye Movement (REM) stage (SB: 123 min C: 93 min ), number of periodic movement of the limbs (SB: 84.2 - C: 49.7), bruxism index (SB: 40.2 - C: 10.1) and average of total arousals (SB: 71.9 - C: 57.5). According to the logistic regression model, the Odds Ratio (OR) of SB, in relation to the periodic movement of the limbs and the degree of airway obstruction, it showed a statistically significant relationship (p-value<0.05). Conclusion: There were significant differences recorded in two sleep disorders between the two groups: the degree of airway obstruction and the possibility of having a major depressive episode. Differences were found in sleep and REM time stages, periodic movement of limbs and bruxism events.

Objetivo: Comparar los trastornos del sueño y los registros polisomnográficos entre un grupo de adultos jóvenes con bruxismo del sueño (BS) y un grupo control (C). Material y Métodos: Este estudio transversal consideró una muestra consecutiva de estudiantes de la población objetivo, buscando casos de BS hasta obtener 20 individuos con y sin BS. Los trastornos del sueño se determinaron aplicando registros médicos y fisiológicos durante el sueño que se obtuvieron de un examen de polisomnografía. Para establecer la diferencia de las medias según BS se utilizaron las pruebas t-Student o U de Mann-Whitney, según los datos. También se aplicó un análisis de regresión logística. Resultados: El estudio encontró diferencias (p<0,05) en las variables relacionadas con el trastorno del sueño: posibilidad de episodio depresivo mayor (BS: 30% - C: 5%), grado de obstrucción de la vía aérea nasal (BS: 20% - C: 10%) y en registros polisomnográficos: tiempo de sueño etapa 1 (BS: 9 min - C: 18 min), etapa de Movimiento Ocular Rápido (REM) (SB: 123 min C: 93 min), número de movimientos periódicos del extremidades (BS: 84.2 - C: 49.7), índice de bruxismo (BS: 40.2 - C: 10.1) y promedio de despertares totales (BS: 71.9 - C: 57.5). Según el modelo de regresión logística, el Odds Ratio (OR) del BS, en relación al movimiento periódico de las extremidades y al grado de obstrucción de la vía aérea, mostró una relación estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05). Conclusión: Se registraron diferencias significativas en dos trastornos del sueño entre los dos grupos: el grado de obstrucción de la vía aérea y la posibilidad de tener un episodio depresivo mayor. Se encontraron diferencias en las etapas de sueño y tiempo REM, movimiento periódico de extremidades y eventos de bruxismo.

Evaluation of Sleep Quality and Daytime Sleepiness in Dentistry Students

Abstract Objective: To evaluate sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness in undergraduate dentistry students. Material and Methods: This research is characterized as an observational study of transversal type, having analysed undergraduate students in dentistry from a public university in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. The sample consisted of 325 students enrolled between the 1st and 10th academic semester. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), while excessive daytime sleepiness was analysed through the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The t-Student and Mann-Whitney tests were used for the numerical values, with the F-test (ANOVA) or the Kruskal-Wallis test being used to compare more than two categories. Results: It was observed that 71.1% of students presented a poor sleep quality, with more than half of the students exhibiting excessive daytime sleepiness (58.1%). A relationship between sleep quality and the academic semester was verified. However, gender and age were not associated with sleep quality or with excessive daytime sleepiness. Conclusion: A high prevalence of poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness was observed among undergraduate students in dentistry. The data suggest that the undergraduate degree in Dentistry can influence the students' quality of sleep, regardless of age or gender.

Síndrome de piernas inquietas/Willis Ekbom desde la mirada del psiquiatra / Restless legs syndrome from the perspective of psychiatry

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) or Willis-Ekbom Disease is an under-diagnosed chronic and progressive primary sensory-motor disorder. It can lead to severe sleep disturbances, a usual cause of consultation. It is characterized by an urgent need to move the legs in resting situations, a cardinal symptom that is usually accompanied by an unpleasant sensation in legs. These symptoms appear or aggravate at the end of the day and in resting situations and are alleviated with movement. Based on these clinical characteristics, it has been defined as a quiescegenic focal akathisia. The diagnosis is essentially clinical. As a guide, there are five cardinal diagnostic criteria. The treatment consists of non-pharmacological measures and the use of medications such as dopamine agonists. Despite the treatment, the symptoms persist in 40% of patients. Psychiatrists should be aware of the syndrome since many drugs used by them such as antipsychotics, antidepressants and anxiolytics can worsen the symptoms. Moreover, the syndrome may be associated with depressive and anxiety diseases.