Neoplasia endócrina múltiple y enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal de inicio muy temprano. Una asociación inesperada / Multiple endocrine neoplasia and very early onset in flammatory bowel disease. An unexpected association

Resumen La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal de inicio muy temprano (VEOIBD) es una entidad rara en pediatría. Es conocida su asociación con inmunodeficiencias prima rias de origen monogénico. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con diagnóstico de VEOIBD a quien se le realizó una secuenciación masiva del exoma. El resultado del estudio permitió identificar una variante patogénica en el proto oncogen RET, asociada con enfermedad neoplasia endocrina múltiple tipo 2A. No hay reportes de asociación de variantes en el proto oncogen RET con VEOIBD. No se puede adjudicar la presencia de estas dos entidades clínicas a una única causa genética.

Abstract Very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEOI BD) is a rare entity in pediatrics. Its association with pri mary immunodeficiencies of monogenic origin is known. We present the case of a patient diagnosed with VEOIBD who underwent massive paralleled exome sequencing. The result of the study showed a pathogenic variant in the RET proto-oncogene, associated with multiple endo crine neoplasia type 2A disease. There are no previous reports of association of RET proto-oncogene variants with VEOIBD. The presence of these two clinical entities cannot be attributed to a single genetic cause.

Pain and ease of insertion of three different intrauterine devices in Brazilian adolescents: A participant-blinded randomized trial.

OBJECTIVES: To compare pain and ease of insertion of the copper 380 mm2, levonorgestrel 52 mg, and levonorgestrel 19.5-mg intrauterine devices (IUDs) in Brazilian adolescents. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a participant-blinded randomized trial at two clinics in Brazil. We enrolled 318 adolescents<19 years old in a 1:1:1 ratio from November 2021 to February 2022. We informed the adolescents about the IUD type inserted after they evaluated the pain associated with the IUD insertion using a Visual Analogue Scale and immediately after that the healthcare provider who placed the IUD evaluated the ease of the procedure. RESULTS: The VAS pain level was significantly higher after the levonorgestrel 52-mg IUD placement, median and [interquartile range, IQ] 8.0 [4.0] than the copper 380-mm2 IUD 7.0 [4.0], and the levonorgestrel 19.5-mg IUD 7.0 [6.0] (p = 0.001). The placement was easier after the copper 380-mm2 IUD (87/106, 82.1%) and the levonorgestrel 19.5-mg IUD (91/106, 85.8%) when compared with the levonorgestrel 52-mg IUD (75/105, 70.7%). After multiple logistic regression analyses, the higher VAS pain scores were associated with the levonorgestrel 52-mg IUD (OR = 2.90), low number of pregnancies (OR -0.48), and with a history of dysmenorrhea (OR = 2.67). CONCLUSIONS: The placement of the copper 380-mm2 IUD and the levonorgestrel 19.5-mg IUD was associated with lower pain according to the adolescent and was easier according to the provider when compared with the levonorgestrel 52-mg IUD. However, the small observed differences may not be clinically relevant. IMPLICATIONS: We found that the three types of IUDs were generally easy to place; however, mean pain scores were high during insertions. Our findings of high pain scores reinforce the need for interventions to reduce pain for adolescent IUD insertion.

Experiential purchases and feeling autonomous: Their implications for gratitude and ease of justification.

In four studies, we tested the influence of type of purchase on autonomy support and the relationships between autonomy support, gratitude, and ease of justification. In each of the three studies, participants were randomly assigned to either the experiential purchase condition or the material purchase condition. In our fourth and last study, participants were assigned to an either autonomy supportive purchase condition or ordinary purchase condition. Results from study 1 showed a positive direct influence of experiential purchases on autonomy support and a direct and indirect significant relationship with gratitude. Results from study 2 with a sample of older consumers showed a positive influence of experiential purchases on autonomy support and a direct and indirect positive relationship with gratitude. In study 3, consumers who brought to mind an expensive experiential purchase reported higher autonomy support than participants who brought to mind an expensive material purchase and this experimental effect had an indirect positive relationship with gratitude and ease of justification. Last, consumers who brought to mind a purchase that truly reflected who they were reported higher levels of autonomy support than consumers who reported an ordinary purchase and this elicited autonomy had a positive relationship with gratitude. The implications of the results were discussed.

Can the use of the CROS system provide head shadow effect contribution to unilateral Cochlear Implant Users? / O Sistema CROS pode oferecer contribuição do efeito sombra da cabeça a usuários de implante coclear unilateral?

ABSTRACT Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of the CROS system on the head shadow effect in unilateral implant users. Methods Prospective cross-sectional study, approved by the ethics committee under protocol 2.128.869. Eleven adults with post-lingual deafness users of unilateral Advanced Bionics CI were selected. Speech recognition was evaluated with recorded words presented at 65dBA at 0o azimuth and at 90o on the side contralateral to the CI, with noise at 55dBA, using CI alone and CI + CROS system. The results were analyzed using paired t-test with a 0.05 alpha. Results The mean speech recognition scores were significantly better with CI + CROS in relation to the condition of CI alone (p <0.05, p <0.005 and p <0.005 respectively). In the presentation at 0o azimuth, no significant differences were found. Conclusion Users of unilateral CI without useful residual hearing for the use of hearing aids or unable to undergo bilateral surgery can benefit from the CROS device for speech recognition, especially when the speech is presented on the side contralateral to the CI.

RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do sistema CROS em fenômenos como efeito sombra da cabeça em usuários de implante coclear unilateral. Método Estudo transversal prospectivo, aprovado pelo conselho de ética sob protocolo 2.128.869. Onze adultos com surdez de instalação pós-lingual usuários de IC Advanced Bionics unilateral foram selecionados. O reconhecimento de fala foi avaliado com palavras gravadas apresentadas a 65dBA a 0o azimute e a (90o no lado contralateral ao IC), com ruído a 55dBA, usando somente o IC e IC+sistema CROS. Os resultados foram analisados usando teste t pareado com alfa de 0,05. Resultados Os escores médios de reconhecimento de fala foram significativamente melhores com IC + CROS em relação à condição apenas IC (p <0,05, p <0,005 e p <0,005 respectivamente). Na apresentação à frente não foram encontradas diferenças significantes. Conclusão Os usuários de IC unilateral sem resíduo útil para uso de prótese auditiva ou impossibilitados de submeter-se à cirurgia bilateral podem se beneficiar do dispositivo CROS para o reconhecimento de fala, sobretudo quando a fala for apresentada ao lado contralateral ao IC.

Differential response from selection for high calving ease vs. low birth weight in American Simmental beef cattle.

Data on calving ease (CE) and birth, weaning weight (WW), and yearling weight (YW) were obtained from the American Simmental Association (ASA) and included pedigree and performance information on 11,640,735 animals. Our objective was to quantify differential response from selection for high CE vs. low birth weight (LBW) in first-calf Simmental heifers. We hypothesized that direct selection for CE should be used as the primary approach to reduce dystocia and mitigate losses in growth-related traits. WW and YW were adjusted to 205 and 365 d of age, respectively. Sire and maternal grandsire (co)variance components for CE, birth weight (BW), and 205-d weaning weight (205-d WW), and sire covariance components for 160-d postweaning gain (160-d gain) were estimated using a sire-maternal grandsire model. Direct and maternal expected progeny differences (EPD) for CE, BW, and 205-d WW and direct EPD for 160-d gain and 365-d yearling weight (365-d YW) for first-calf Simmental heifers population (465,710 animals) were estimated using a threshold-linear multivariate maternal animal model. This population was used to estimate genetic trends and as a selection pool (control) for various selection scenarios. Selection scenarios were high CE (HCE), LBW, the all-purpose selection index (API = -1.8 BW + 1.3 CE + 0.10 WW + 0.20 YW) of the ASA and its two derived subindices: (API1 = 1.3 CE + 0.20 YW) and (API2 = -1.8 BW + 0.20 YW), and lastly Dickerson's selection index (DSI = -3.2 BW + YW). Data for each selection scenario were created by selecting sires with EPD greater than or equal to the average along with the top 75% of dams. Comparison between selection scenarios involved evaluating the direct and maternal genetic trends from these scenarios. Direct heritabilities for CE, BW, 205-d WW, 160-d gain, and 365-d YW of Simmental cattle were 0.23, 0.52, 0.28, 0.21, and 0.33, respectively. The single trait, HCE, selection scenario, as opposed to LBW, increased the intercept for CE by 57.7% and the slopes (P < 0.001) for BW, 205-d WW, 160-d gain, and 365-d YW by 27.9%, 37.5%, 16%, and 28%, respectively. Comparisons of various selection scenarios revealed that the CE-based selection scenarios (HCE, API, and API1) had a greater response for CE and growth traits.

Association between gestation length and lactation performance, lactation curve, calf birth weight and dystocia in Holstein dairy cows in Iran.

In this study, 252,798 lactations on 108,077 cows in 433 herds were used to determine the association between gestation length (GL) and lactation performance, lactation curve, calf birth weight and dystocia in Holstein dairy cows in Iran. The GL averaged 278.1 ± 5.41 d, was categorized as short (SGL; at 1 SD below the population mean), average (AGL; the population mean ± 1 SD), or long (LGL; at least 1 SD above the population mean). Factors including parity, calf gender and calving season were associated with the GL. Primiparous cows with SGL had less lactation performance than those with longer GL; however, there was no difference between those with AGL and LGL. Multiparous cows with longer GL always had more partial and 305-d lactation performance. Primiparous cows with SGL produced less milk at the beginning of lactation and at the peak than those with AGL or LGL; inverse trends were found for lactation persistency, upward and downward slopes of the lactation curve. Within multiparous, a direct relationship was found between GL and the peak yield, where cows with longer GL always produced more milk at the peak. Multiparous cows with SGL produced less milk at the beginning of lactation, reached their peaks later, had higher lactation persistency and showed a lower upward slope of lactation curve than those with AGL or LGL. There was a direct relationship between GL and calf birth weight, where cows with longer GL had calves with more weight at the birth. Within primiparous, cows with SGL had the lowest and those with LGL had the highest rate of dystocia. However, multiparous cows with AGL had a lower rate of dystocia than those with SGL or LGL. Although there was a direct relationship between GL and lactation performance, intermediate GL seems optimal when considering dystocia.

Association between gestation length and lactation performance, lactation curve, calf birth weight and dystocia in Holstein dairy cows in Iran

In this study, 252,798 lactations on 108,077 cows in 433 herds were used to determine the association between gestation length (GL) and lactation performance, lactation curve, calf birth weight and dystocia in Holstein dairy cows in Iran. The GL averaged 278.1 ± 5.41 d, was categorized as short (SGL; at 1 SD below the population mean), average (AGL; the population mean ± 1 SD), or long (LGL; at least 1 SD above the population mean). Factors including parity, calf gender and calving season were associated with the GL. Primiparous cows with SGL had less lactation performance than those with longer GL; however, there was no difference between those with AGL and LGL. Multiparous cows with longer GL always had more partial and 305-d lactation performance. Primiparous cows with SGL produced less milk at the beginning of lactation and at the peak than those with AGL or LGL; inverse trends were found for lactation persistency, upward and downward slopes of the lactation curve. Within multiparous, a direct relationship was found between GL and the peak yield, where cows with longer GL always produced more milk at the peak. Multiparous cows with SGL produced less milk at the beginning of lactation, reached their peaks later, had higher lactation persistency and showed a lower upward slope of lactation curve than those with AGL or LGL. There was a direct relationship between GL and calf birth weight, where cows with longer GL had calves with more weight at the birth. Within primiparous, cows with SGL had the lowest and those with LGL had the highest rate of dystocia. However, multiparous cows with AGL had a lower rate of dystocia than those with SGL or LGL. Although there was a direct relationship between GL and lactation performance, intermediate GL seems optimal when considering dystocia.

Association between gestation length and lactation performance, lactation curve, calf birth weight and dystocia in Holstein dairy cows in Iran

In this study, 252,798 lactations on 108,077 cows in 433 herds were used to determine the association between gestation length (GL) and lactation performance, lactation curve, calf birth weight and dystocia in Holstein dairy cows in Iran. The GL averaged 278.1 ± 5.41 d, was categorized as short (SGL; at 1 SD below the population mean), average (AGL; the population mean ± 1 SD), or long (LGL; at least 1 SD above the population mean). Factors including parity, calf gender and calving season were associated with the GL. Primiparous cows with SGL had less lactation performance than those with longer GL; however, there was no difference between those with AGL and LGL. Multiparous cows with longer GL always had more partial and 305-d lactation performance. Primiparous cows with SGL produced less milk at the beginning of lactation and at the peak than those with AGL or LGL; inverse trends were found for lactation persistency, upward and downward slopes of the lactation curve. Within multiparous, a direct relationship was found between GL and the peak yield, where cows with longer GL always produced more milk at the peak. Multiparous cows with SGL produced less milk at the beginning of lactation, reached their peaks later, had higher lactation persistency and showed a lower upward slope of lactation curve than those with AGL or LGL. There was a direct relationship between GL and calf birth weight, where cows with longer GL had calves with more weight at the birth. Within primiparous, cows with SGL had the lowest and those with LGL had the highest rate of dystocia. However, multiparous cows with AGL had a lower rate of dystocia than those with SGL or LGL. Although there was a direct relationship between GL and lactation performance, intermediate GL seems optimal when considering dystocia.(AU)

[Differences in Subjective Experience Between Unipolar and Bipolar Depression]. / Diferencias en la experiencia subjetiva entre depresión unipolar y bipolar.

INTRODUCTION: It is important to make distinction between bipolar and unipolar depression because treatment and prognosis are different. Since the diagnosis of the two conditions is purely clinical, find symptomatic differences is useful. OBJECTIVES: Find differences in subjective experience (first person) between unipolar and bipolar depression. METHODS: Phenomenological-oriented qualitative exploratory study of 12 patients (7 with bipolar depression and 5 with unipolar depression, 3 men and 9 women). We used a semi-structured interview based on Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience (EASE). RESULTS: The predominant mood in bipolar depression is emotional dampening, in unipolar is sadness. The bodily experience in bipolar is of a heavy, tired body; an element that inserts between the desires of acting and performing actions and becomes an obstacle to the movement. In unipolar is of a body that feels more comfortable with the stillness than activity, like laziness of everyday life. Cognition and the stream of consciousness: in bipolar depression, compared with unipolar, thinking is slower, as if to overcome obstacles in their course. There are more difficult to understand what is heard or read. Future perspective: in bipolar depression, hopelessness is stronger and broader than in unipolar, as if the very possibility of hope was lost. CONCLUSIONS: Qualitative differences in predominant mood, bodily experience, cognition and future perspective were found between bipolar and unipolar depression.

Diferencias en la experiencia subjetiva entre depresión unipolar y bipolar / Differences in Subjective Experience Between Unipolar and Bipolar Depression

Introducción: Es importante distinguir la depresión unipolar de la bipolar, pues hay diferencias en el tratamiento y el pronóstico. Dado que el diagnóstico de las dos condiciones es netamente clínico, encontrar diferencias sintomáticas puede ser de gran utilidad. Objetivos: Buscar diferencias en la experiencia subjetiva (de primera persona) entre depresión unipolar y bipolar. Métodos: Estudio exploratorio de tipo cualitativo, de orientación fenomenológica, con 12 pacientes (7 con depresión bipolar y 5 con depresión unipolar; 3 varones y 9 mujeres). Se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada basada en el Examen de la Experiencia Anómala del Self (EASE). Resultados: Estado de ánimo predominante: en la depresión bipolar es el apagamiento emocional; en la unipolar, la tristeza. Experiencia del cuerpo: en la bipolar, el cuerpo se siente pesado, francamente cansado y como un obstáculo para el movimiento. En la unipolar, la experiencia del cuerpo se parece a la pereza cotidiana. Cognición y flujo de conciencia: en la depresión bipolar, en comparación con la unipolar, el pensamiento se vive lentificado, como si tuviera que vencer obstáculos en su curso; hay mayor dificultad para comprender lo que se escucha o se lee. Perspectiva del futuro: en la depresión bipolar, la desesperanza es más intensa y de mayor alcance que en la unipolar, como si se perdiera la posibilidad misma de la esperanza. Conclusiones: Se encontraron diferencias cualitativas en el estado de ánimo predominante, la experiencia corporal, la cognición y la perspectiva del futuro entre la depresión unipolar y la bipolar.

Introduction: It is important to make distinction between bipolar and unipolar depression because treatment and prognosis are different. Since the diagnosis of the two conditions is purely clinical, find symptomatic differences is useful. Objectives: Find differences in subjective experience (first person) between unipolar and bipolar depression. Methods: Phenomenological-oriented qualitative exploratory study of 12 patients (7 with bipolar depression and 5 with unipolar depression, 3 men and 9 women). We used a semi-structured interview based on Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience (EASE). Results: The predominant mood in bipolar depression is emotional dampening, in unipolar is sadness. The bodily experience in bipolar is of a heavy, tired body; an element that inserts between the desires of acting and performing actions and becomes an obstacle to the movement. In unipolar is of a body that feels more comfortable with the stillness than activity, like laziness of everyday life. Cognition and the stream of consciousness: in bipolar depression, compared with unipolar, thinking is slower, as if to overcome obstacles in their course. There are more difficult to understand what is heard or read. Future perspective: in bipolar depression, hopelessness is stronger and broader than in unipolar, as if the very possibility of hope was lost. Conclusions: Qualitative differences in predominant mood, bodily experience, cognition and future perspective were found between bipolar and unipolar depression.

Misoprostol for intrauterine device insertion in nulliparous women: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of preprocedure misoprostol on intrauterine device (IUD) placement in nulliparous women. STUDY DESIGN: In this randomized controlled double-blind trial at the University of New Mexico reproductive health clinic, nulliparous women requesting an IUD were randomized to 400 mcg of buccal misoprostol or placebo 2-8 hours before insertion. Primary outcomes included pain on a 10-cm visual analog scale and women's perception of the value of delaying insertion for an effective medication. Provider ease of insertion and need for adjunctive insertion measures were also assessed, on a visual analog scale. Participants indicated maximum pain after IUD insertion, pain level they would tolerate to avoid delay in IUD insertion, and preference for IUD insertion without delay if an effective medication was available. RESULTS: Of 85 women enrolled, 3 were ineligible; 42 were randomized to misoprostol and 40 to placebo. There were no differences between groups in worst insertion pain, (5.8 ± 2.0 vs 5.9 ± 2.0, P = .94), provider ease of insertion (2.2 ± 2.2 vs 2.5 ± 2.2; P = .54) or adjunctive measures (14% vs 25%; P = .27). The groups were willing to tolerate the same mean pain (4.9 ± 2.5 vs 5.7 ± 2.4, P = .18) to avoid waiting for medication. The majority of women (85%) preferred to wait for an effective medication. CONCLUSION: Misoprostol for nulliparous women did not decrease pain or improve the ease of insertion of an IUD. Most women were willing to wait for a medication that decreases pain, indicating a need to pursue alternatives for pain control with IUD insertion.

Comparação de desempenho entre duas gerações de eletrodos de fixação ativa com esteroides e superfície fractal / Performance comparison between two generation of active fixation leads with steroids and fractal surface / Comparación de desempeño entre dos generaciones de electrodos de fijación activa con esteroides y superficie fractal

Grande parte do sucesso e eficácia de um sistema de estimulação cardíaca artificial é, diretamente, devido a performance dos eletrodos utilizados. Os eletrodos endocárdicos são também os itens que estão mais expostos à ação deletéria do agressivo ambiente em que são instalados. Na evolução técnica desses itens, observa-se principalmente: a facilidade de uso durante o implante; a otimização dos resultados paramétricos e a busca pela máxima confiabilidade. Assim, o presente trabalho compara o desempenho de duas gerações consecutivas de eletrodos bipolares endocárdicos de fixação ativa, da empresa Biotronil GmbH: os modelos Selox SR e Setrox S. Este estudo clínico envolveu 175 Setrox S(43 VVI e 66 DDD - 66 atriais e 109 ventriculares) e 79 Selox SR (SR VVI e 22 DDD - 22 atriais e 57 eletrodos ventriculares), no período de trinta e oito meses. Além dos parâmetros elétricos dos eletrodos...

Much of the success and effectiveness of an artificial cardiac pacing system is directly due to the performance of electrodes in use. The endocardial electrodes are also items that are mostexposed to any deleterious effects from the aggressive environment in which they are installed. It is observed in the technical evolution of these items, namely: the ease of use during the implantation, the optimization of electrical parameters and search for maximum reliability. Thus, this study compares the performance of two consecutive generations of bipolar endocardial electrodes of active fixation, from the company Biotronik GmbH: the models Selox SR and Setrox S. This clinical study involving 175 Setrox S (43 VVI and 66 DDD - 66 atrial and 109 ventricular) and 79 Selox SR (35 VVI and 22 DDD - 22 atrialand 57 ventricular leads) during the thirty-eight months. In addition to the electrical parameters of electrodes...

Gran parte del éxito y la eficacia de un sistema de estimulación cardiaca artificial se debe directamente al desempeño de los electrodos utilizados. Los electrodos endocárdicos son asimismo los componentes que están más expuestos a la acción deletérea del agresivo entorno en el que se los instala.En la evolución técnica de dichos componentes se advierte especialmente: la facilidad de manejo durante el implante; la optimización de los resultados paramétricos y la búsqueda por la máxima confiabilidad. De esa manera, el presente trabajo compara el desempeño de dos generaciones consecutivas de electrodos bipolares endocárdicos de fijación activa, de la empresa Biotronik GmbH: los modelos Selox SR y SetroxS. Este estudio clínico abarcó 175 Setrox S (43 VVI y 66 DDD - 66 auriculares y 109 ventriculares) y 79Selox SR (35 VVI y 22 DDD - 22 auriculares y 57 electrodos ventriculares), en el período de treinta y ocho meses. Además de los parámetros eléctricos de los electrodos...

Avaliação epidemiológica, clínica, anatomopatológica e etiológica de surtos de ataxia em cabritos e cordeiros

An outbreak in 46 kids and 36 lambs with delayed enzootic ataxia (EA) raised in a single farm in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, in 2001 and 2002 was described. The incidence was lower in 2001 (46.3% in kids and 24.2% in lambs) than in 2002 (100% in both species); only in 2001 the incidence was higher in kids (P 0.002). All newborns with EA died, but one lamb and one kid. The clinical case was different according to the age of onset of EA. The animals between 30 and 45d old showed both fore and hindlimbs paralysis with muscular spasticity, followed by death. Animals older than 45d had only hindlimbs spasticity or flaccid paralysis followed by death. Only the under 45 days old kids presented head nodding. Axonal degeneration, spheroids, gliosis, and demyelination in the ventral lateral horns of the spinal cord were detected. Newborns less than 45d old had those lesions mainly in the cervical region, while the older in the lumbar region; only the kids had cerebellar lesions. The available diet to the herd had adequate levels of copper, but the liver copper concentration was low in animal with EA (45.8mg kg-1 D.M.); the antagonizing elements to the copper (molybdenum, sulfur and zinc) were normal, but the iron levels either in soil (8,600mg kg-1) and feedstuffs (284mg kg-1) were high. Excessive dietary intake of iron might have caused the copper deficiency in the newborns.

Nos anos de 2001 e 2002, 46 cabritos (CAB) e 35 cordeiros (COR) de uma propriedade do agreste do Estado de Pernambuco foram acometidos por ataxia enzoótica (AE) de forma tardia. Houve aumento da incidência do 1o ano (46,3% - CAB; 24,2% COR) para o ano subseqüente (100% - CAB e COR). Somente no ano de 2001, houve maior incidência em CAB (P 0,002) que nos COR. Todos os animais acometidos sucumbiram, com exceção de um CAB e um de COR. O quadro clínico variou de acordo com a idade em que surgiram os sintomas, ou seja, de 30 a 45 dias os animais manifestaram paralisia dos membros anteriores e posteriores, acompanhada de espasticidade muscular e morte; com mais de 45 dias, ocorreu paralisia flácida ou espástica apenas dos membros posteriores e morte; somente os cabritos com menos de 45 dias apresentaram movimentos verticais de cabeça. As lesões histopatológicas evidenciadas foram: degeneração axonal, esferóides, gliose e dismielinização no segmento ventral e lateral da medula espinhal. Nos animais com menos de 45 dias, essas lesões foram evidentes na região cervical e nos animas mais velhos na região lombar. Apenas nos cabritos foi constatada lesão degenerativa no cerebelo. A dieta oferecida ao rebanho continha quantidades adequadas de cobre, porém os animais acometidos por AE apresentaram baixos teores de cobre no fígado (45,8mg kg-1 MS). Os elementos antagonizantes do cobre, Mo, S, e Zn, estavam normais, com exceção do ferro, que estava em alta concentração tanto no solo (8600mg kg-1) quanto nos alimentos (284mg kg-1). O excesso de ingestão de ferro sugere ter provocado a carência de cobre nos animais.

Avaliação epidemiológica, clínica, anatomopatológica e etiológica de surtos de ataxia em cabritos e cordeiros

An outbreak in 46 kids and 36 lambs with delayed enzootic ataxia (EA) raised in a single farm in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, in 2001 and 2002 was described. The incidence was lower in 2001 (46.3% in kids and 24.2% in lambs) than in 2002 (100% in both species); only in 2001 the incidence was higher in kids (P 0.002). All newborns with EA died, but one lamb and one kid. The clinical case was different according to the age of onset of EA. The animals between 30 and 45d old showed both fore and hindlimbs paralysis with muscular spasticity, followed by death. Animals older than 45d had only hindlimbs spasticity or flaccid paralysis followed by death. Only the under 45 days old kids presented head nodding. Axonal degeneration, spheroids, gliosis, and demyelination in the ventral lateral horns of the spinal cord were detected. Newborns less than 45d old had those lesions mainly in the cervical region, while the older in the lumbar region; only the kids had cerebellar lesions. The available diet to the herd had adequate levels of copper, but the liver copper concentration was low in animal with EA (45.8mg kg-1 D.M.); the antagonizing elements to the copper (molybdenum, sulfur and zinc) were normal, but the iron levels either in soil (8,600mg kg-1) and feedstuffs (284mg kg-1) were high. Excessive dietary intake of iron might have caused the copper deficiency in the newborns.

Nos anos de 2001 e 2002, 46 cabritos (CAB) e 35 cordeiros (COR) de uma propriedade do agreste do Estado de Pernambuco foram acometidos por ataxia enzoótica (AE) de forma tardia. Houve aumento da incidência do 1o ano (46,3% - CAB; 24,2% COR) para o ano subseqüente (100% - CAB e COR). Somente no ano de 2001, houve maior incidência em CAB (P 0,002) que nos COR. Todos os animais acometidos sucumbiram, com exceção de um CAB e um de COR. O quadro clínico variou de acordo com a idade em que surgiram os sintomas, ou seja, de 30 a 45 dias os animais manifestaram paralisia dos membros anteriores e posteriores, acompanhada de espasticidade muscular e morte; com mais de 45 dias, ocorreu paralisia flácida ou espástica apenas dos membros posteriores e morte; somente os cabritos com menos de 45 dias apresentaram movimentos verticais de cabeça. As lesões histopatológicas evidenciadas foram: degeneração axonal, esferóides, gliose e dismielinização no segmento ventral e lateral da medula espinhal. Nos animais com menos de 45 dias, essas lesões foram evidentes na região cervical e nos animas mais velhos na região lombar. Apenas nos cabritos foi constatada lesão degenerativa no cerebelo. A dieta oferecida ao rebanho continha quantidades adequadas de cobre, porém os animais acometidos por AE apresentaram baixos teores de cobre no fígado (45,8mg kg-1 MS). Os elementos antagonizantes do cobre, Mo, S, e Zn, estavam normais, com exceção do ferro, que estava em alta concentração tanto no solo (8600mg kg-1) quanto nos alimentos (284mg kg-1). O excesso de ingestão de ferro sugere ter provocado a carência de cobre nos animais.