Difference of cardiac rehabilitation in the morning or evening on indexes of left ventricular and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide: a randomized controlled trial.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects a cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP) performed in the morning or evening on left ventricular (LV) filling indices and the level of N-terminal fragment of pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary angioplasty during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was a randomized controlled single-blinded clinical trial. Ninety-six patients (mean age: 50.2 ± 8.1 years, 36 women and 44 men) with percutaneous coronary angioplasty were divided into two groups of intervention and control. In each group, the CRP was performed in either morning or evening. The CRP included walking and performing push-ups and sit-ups for 8 weeks. The participants of the control groups received routine care. The functional indices of LV, including LV ejection fraction, systolic function, and diastolic function (i.e. the transmitral flow), the E/e' to left atrium peak strain ratio (as an estimation for LA stiffness), and NT-proBNP level were measured in all participants before starting and at the end of the CRP. Results: In the intervention group, the individuals performing the CRP in the evening had significantly higher E-wave (0.76±0.02 vs. 0.75±0.03; P=0.008), ejection fraction (52.5±5.64 vs. 55.5±3.59; P=0.011), and diastolic function velocity (E/A ratio, 1.03±0.06 vs. 1.05±0.03; P=0.014) and significantly lower A-wave (0.72±0.02 vs. 0.71±0.01; P=0.041), E/e' ratio (6.74±0.29 vs. 6.51±0.38; P=0.038), and NT-proBNP level (2007.9±214.24 vs. 1933.9±253.13; P=0.045) compared with those performing the program in the morning. Conclusions: A supervised CRP performed in the evening compared with morning was more effective in improving LV functional indices. Therefore, such home-based interventions are recommended to be performed in the evening during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Benefits and Risks of Delayed Surgery for Ventricular Septal Rupture after Acute Myocardial Infarction.

The timing of surgery for ventricular septal rupture (VSR) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains controversial. This study investigated the benefits and risks of delayed surgery for post-AMI VSR and examined differences in echocardiographic findings between early and delay groups.A total of 38 consecutive patients with post-AMI VSR who underwent surgery at our hospital between May 2003 and November 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Our strategy was to delay surgery until 2 weeks after AMI. If patients demonstrated organ dysfunction, we considered early surgery. Patients were divided into early (n = 20; 53%) and delay (n = 18; 47%) groups. Risks and benefits were investigated based on echocardiographic findings during the waiting period. The delay group had more preoperative intravenous catheter infections (P = 0.008) but fewer reoperations (P = 0.02) and lower operative mortality (P = 0.04) than the early group. The VSR defect diameter and total pulmonary blood flow to total systemic blood flow (Qp/Qs) increased in both groups while waiting. Nevertheless, the early group had a significantly higher Qp/Qs change rate than the delay group (P = 0.05). The 30 day and hospital mortality rates were 5.3% and 13.2%, respectively.The VSR defect diameter and Qp/Qs in both groups increased with time and can therefore become risk factors. Nonetheless, the benefit of waiting exceeded the risk because our outcomes were better than those previously reported.

Comparison of echocardiographic findings in women with late preeclampsia and healthy pregnant women: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is one of the most common types of pregnancy disorders, and it is essential to know its cardiovascular complications. Therefore, we aimed to compare echocardiographic findings in women with late preeclampsia and healthy pregnant women. METHOD: In this case-control study, 80 women with late preeclampsia and 80 healthy pregnant women were randomly selected and echocardiographic findings were determined and compared in the two groups. RESULTS: Evaluating the relationship between late preeclampsia and echocardiographic variables in pregnant women showed a significant relationship between diastolic disorder (15% in the case group vs. 5% in the control group) (p = .035), systolic artery pressure (p = .002), and TR gradient (p = .003) with late preeclampsia; However, this relationship was not observed with other echocardiographic variables (p > .05). CONCLUSION: Since the role of transthoracic echocardiography in the management of women with preeclampsia has been emphasized by international groups, the results of this study suggest that increased TR Gradient and diastolic dysfunction are the most important echocardiography findings in patients with late preeclampsia.

Not just vegetations: focal myocardial changes in patients with fungal infections.

BACKGROUND: Fungal endocarditis classically involves dense heterogenous vegetations. However, several patients with fungal infections were noted to have myocardial changes ranging from focal brightening to nodular thickening of chordae or papillary muscles. This study evaluates whether these findings are associated with fungal infections. METHODS: In a retrospective case-control study, paediatric inpatients with fungal infections (positive blood, urine, or catheter tip culture) in a 5-year period were matched 1:1 to inpatients without positive fungal cultures. Echocardiograms were scored on a 5-point scale by two independent readers for presence of myocardial brightenings, nodular thickenings, and vegetations. Clinical data were compared. RESULTS: Of 67 fungal cases, positive culture sites included blood (n = 44), vascular catheter tip (n = 7), and urine (n = 29); several had multiple positive sites. "Positive" echo findings (score ≥ 2+) were more frequent in the Fungal Group (33 versus 18%, p = 0.04). Fungal Group patients with "positive" versus "negative" echo findings had similar proportion of bacterial infections. Among fungal cases, those with "positive" echo findings had longer hospital length of stay than cases with "negative" echos (median 58 versus 40 days, p = 0.03) but no difference in intensive care unit admission, extracorporeal membranous oxygenation support, or mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial and papillary muscle brightening with nodular thickening on echocardiogram appear to be associated with fungal infections. There may be prognostic implications of these findings as patients with "positive" echo have longer length of stay. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanism and temporal progression of these changes and determine the prognostic value of this scoring system.

Status Quo of Diagnostic Procedures and Treatment of Inpatients with Infective Endocarditis at the Department of General Medicine at a University Hospital in a Suburban City in Japan: A Single-Hospital-Based Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND: Our hospital's department of general medicine is often involved in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases that are considered by other hospitals or other departments in our hospital to be difficult to diagnose correctly. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to clarify how patients with infective endocarditis (IE) being admitted to our hospital's department of general medicine were examined and treated and to elucidate their prognosis compared with patients admitted to other departments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Inpatients of Saga University Hospital with definite IE from September 2007 to August 2017 were divided into 2 groups: those admitted to the general medicine department (the GM group) and those admitted to other departments (the non-GM group). RESULTS: Seventy-four patients were included; 17 (23%) were admitted to the general medicine department. In the GM group, the percentage of patients diagnosed with definite or suspected IE was lower (0% vs 32%, p=0.008), as was the rate of patients with echocardiographic findings that fulfilled the major modified Duke's criteria (71% vs 98%, p≤0.001), preadmission. The GM group had higher percentages of patients with back or joint pain (41% vs 9%, p=0.001) and complications, including pyogenic spondylitis (35% vs 2%, p≤0.001), deep-seated abscesses (24% vs 5%, p=0.024), pyogenic arthritis (18% vs 0%, p=0.001), and glomerulonephritis (77% vs 37%, p=0.004) than did the non-GM group. Mortality within 30 days of admission to our hospital (12% vs 14%, p=0.753) and overall in-hospital mortality (12% vs 18%, p=0.570) did not significantly differ. CONCLUSION: The general medicine department could have accurately diagnosed IE, given appropriate treatments, and obtained similar prognoses to those of IE patients treated by other departments, including cardiology and cardiovascular surgery, even in patients for whom diagnosing IE was more difficult or who had less typical echocardiographic findings preadmission.

Evaluación ecocardiográfica longitudinal en pacientes con leucemia linfoide aguda que recibieron antraciclinas durante la edad pediátrica / Longitudinal ecocardiographic assesment in patients with acute lymphoid leukemia that received anthracyclines during childhood

Introducción: La cardiotoxicidad tardía causada por el tratamiento del cáncer puede ser un problema frecuente en los sobrevivientes por lo que se decidió realizar un estudio ecocardiográfico longitudinal de la función cardiovascular con el objetivo de detectar las alteraciones causadas por la administración de antraciclinas en pacientes que tuvieron una leucemia linfoide aguda en la edad pediátrica. Métodos: se incluyeron todos los pacientes atendidos por esta leucemia en el Servicio de Pediatría del Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología ,desde abril de 2002 hasta febrero de 2015, que además debían tener al menos 2 evaluaciones ecocardiográficas posteriores a la conclusión del tratamiento. A todos se les realizó examen físico, se tomaron datos generales de las historias clínicas, se les calculó la dosis acumulativa de antraciclinas y el tiempo transcurrido hasta la realización de la evaluación. De los ecocardiogramas realizados se tomaron las medidas de aurícula izquierda, ventrículo derecho, fracción de eyección y fracción de acortamiento. Resultados : predominaron los signos de cardiotoxicidad tardía subclínica con una media de 9 años después de suspendido el tratamiento y estuvieron afectados ambos sexos por igual. En el primer ecocardiograma realizado, tres años después de la suspensión, la mayor frecuencia de alteraciones estuvieron en las medidas de aurícula izquierda y ventrículo derecho. Los estudios se repitieron cada tres años y en el tercer estudio fue más frecuente la afectación de las fracciones de eyección y de acortamiento. Se encontró que había relación estadísticamente significativa entre el uso de mayores dosis de antraciclinas y las alteraciones ecocardiográficas. Conclusiones: las afectaciones de la función cardiovascular fueron ligeras y aumentaron durante el seguimiento(AU)

Introduction Cancer therapy could cause frequent cardiac toxicity, so we decided to perform an echocardiographic longitudinal study of the late effects caused by anthracyclines administration in patients that were treated for acute lymphoid leukemia during childhood. Methods All the patients admitted in the Pediatric Service of Institute of Hematology and Immunology, with acute lymphoid leukemia since april 2002 until february 2015 and that have at least two echocardiographic studies after finishing therapy. A complete physical exammination was performed to all of them and the cumulative dose of anthracyclines received was calculated and also time until evaluation. From the echocardiograms were taken the measurements of left auricle, right ventricle, ejection fraction and shortening fraction. Results: the main findings were signs of late subclinical cardiotoxicity with a mean of 9 years after therapy completion and there were no sex predominance. In the first echocardiogram performed three years after stopping therapy there were more alterations in the measures of left auricle and right ventricle. The studies were repeated every three years and in the third one there were more alterations in ejection fraction and shortening fraction and there also were a statiscally significative relation between cumulative anthracyclines doses and echocardiographic findings. Conclusions: There were found subclinical cardiac dysfunction that increases as time goes by(AU)

Evaluación ecocardiográfica longitudinal en pacientes con leucemia linfoide aguda que recibieron antraciclinas durante la edad pediátrica / Longitudinal ecocardiographic assesment in patients with acute lymphoid leukemia that received anthracyclines during childhood

Introducción: La cardiotoxicidad tardía causada por el tratamiento del cáncer puede ser un problema frecuente en los sobrevivientes por lo que se decidió realizar un estudio ecocardiográfico longitudinal de la función cardiovascular con el objetivo de detectar las alteraciones causadas por la administración de antraciclinas en pacientes que tuvieron una leucemia linfoide aguda en la edad pediátrica.Métodos: se incluyeron todos los pacientes atendidos por esta leucemia en el Servicio de Pediatría del Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología ,desde abril de 2002 hasta febrero de 2015, que además debían tener al menos 2 evaluaciones ecocardiográficas posteriores a la conclusión del tratamiento. A todos se les realizó examen físico, se tomaron datos generales de las historias clínicas, se les calculó la dosis acumulativa de antraciclinas y el tiempo transcurrido hasta la realización de la evaluación. De los ecocardiogramas realizados se tomaron las medidas de aurícula izquierda, ventrículo derecho, fracción de eyección y fracción de acortamiento.Resultados : predominaron los signos de cardiotoxicidad tardía subclínica con una media de 9 años después de suspendido el tratamiento y estuvieron afectados ambos sexos por igual. En el primer ecocardiograma realizado, tres años después de la suspensión, la mayor frecuencia de alteraciones estuvieron en las medidas de aurícula izquierda y ventrículo derecho. Los estudios se repitieron cada tres años y en el tercer estudio fue más frecuente la afectación de las fracciones de eyección y de acortamiento. Se encontró que había relación estadísticamente significativa entre el uso de mayores dosis de antraciclinas y las alteraciones ecocardiográficas.Conclusiones: las afectaciones de la función cardiovascular fueron ligeras y aumentaron durante el seguimiento(AU)

Echocardiographic findings: Experience in 1,468 cases / Hallazgos ecocardiográficos: experiencia en 1,468 casos

Abstract: Background: Echocardiogram is an important diagnostic tool to evaluate cardiac disease and very usefull in diagnosis and management. It is important to know the spectrum of cardiac abnormalities detected by transthoracic echocardiography, the frequency of findings that may vary depending on the prevalence of the disease and type of studied population. Objective: To know the spectrum of findings identified in resting transthoracic echocardiography in 1,468 patients. Material and methods: A 3 years retrospective review of resting transthoracic echocardiograms in 1,468 patients. Results: The age range of the 1,468 patients was from 1 day to 94 years with mean (SD) age 51 ± 7.2 years; females 52.9% (n = 776) and males 47.1% (n = 692). One hundred thirty three patients (9.05%) had normal echocardiograms; 1,335 patients had an average of 1.8 findings/patient; 2,464 findings were classified in ten different categories: heart valves abnormalities was the most frequent alteration detected in 36.47% (n = 487); diastolic dysfunction 30.71% (n = 410); and cardiac chambers dilation 27.79% (n = 371). Conclusions: Clinical history and physical examination can not be substituted by an imaging test, but with the clinical data obtained, in conjunction with an echocardiographic study, gives us clues to the diagnosis and pathophysiology of heart disease essential for the properly evaluation and management.

Resumen: Antecedentes: La ecocardiografía es una herramienta indispensable para evaluar y manejar a las enfermedades cardiacas. Es importante conocer el espectro de anormalidades cardiacas detectadas por ecocardiografía transtorácica en reposo y la frecuencia de esos hallazgos, los cuales varían de acuerdo a cada enfermedad cardiaca. Objetivo: Reportar el espectro de hallazgos ecocardiográficos en 1,468 pacientes. Material y métodos: Los estudios ecocardiográficos transtorácicos en reposo realizados durante un período de 3 años. Resultados: Un total de 1,468 pacientes con edades comprendidas entre el primer día de vida y 94 años con edad promedio y desviación estándar de 51 ± 7.2 años; correspondiendo 52.9% (n = 776) al género femenino y 47.1% al masculino (n = 692). De los estudios, 9.05% (n = 133) fueron normales; 1,335 pacientes presentaron un promedio de1.8 hallazgos/paciente; se detectaron 2,464 hallazgos catalogándose en 10 capítulos. Los tres hallazgos más frecuentes fueron: valvulares 36.47% (n = 487); disfunción diastólica 30.71% (n = 410); y dilatación de cámaras cardiacas 27.79% (n = 371). Conclusiones: Una imagen no puede sustituir a la historia clínica y a la exploración física, siendo la ecocardiografía una prolongación de esta última, permitiendo valorar la estructura y fisiología cardiaca así como sus alteraciones, por lo que actualmente es esencial su realización en la valoración cardiaca.

Prevalence and risk factors for pulmonary arterial hypertension in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a major complication in renal failure patients, but very little information is available on the cardiovascular parameters in these patients. The prevalence and risk factors for PAH were systematically evaluated in patients with end-stage renal diseases (ESRD) undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). METHODS: Between January 2010 and January 2014, 177 ESRD patients (85 males and 92 females) undergoing CAPD therapy were recruited. General data, biochemical parameters and echocardiographic findings were collected and PAH risk factors studied. RESULTS: Study participants consisted of 65 patients (36.52%) with PAH (PAH group) and 112 patients without PAH (non-PAH group). The interdialytic weight gain, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure and hypertensive nephropathy incidence in the PAH group were significantly higher than the non-PAH group (all p < 0.05). There were significant differences between PAH group and non-PAH group in C-reactive protein-positive rate, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), hemoglobin, prealbumin and serum albumin levels (all p < 0.05). Compared with non-PAH group, PAH group showed significant increases in right ventricular internal diameter (RVID), right ventricular outflow tract diameter (RVOTD), main pulmonary artery diameter, left atrial diameter (LAD), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular mass index, early diastolic mitral annulus velocity and valve calcification incidence (all p < 0.05), and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and early diastolic blood flow peak and mitral annulus velocity (E/E') (all p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that DBP, NT-proBNP, LAD, RVID, RVOTD, LVEF, TAPSE and E/E' are major risk factors for PAH. CONCLUSION: We observed a high incidence of PAH in ESRD patients undergoing CAPD. Logistic regression analysis revealed that DBP, NT-proBNP, LAD, RVID, RVOTD, LVEF, TAPSE and E/E' are high-risk factors for PAH in ESRD patients undergoing CAPD.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of echocardiographic findings in OSA children after adenotonsilectomy.

CONTEXT: There is evidence that OSA in children can be associated with acute and chronic effects on the cardiovascular system due to repetitive episodes of apnea and hypoxemia. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether there is an association between OSA and echocardiographic findings in children and whether that association persists after adenotonsillectomy. DATA SOURCES: A literature search was conducted based on PUBMED, EMBASE and LILACS. STUDY SELECTION: Children with OSA and children who did not have OSA, who were aged ≤12 years. DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers extracted data independently; the risk of bias was assessed by examining the selected sample, the recruitment method, completeness of follow up, and blinding. RESULTS: Seven studies met all the inclusion criteria and methodological requirements. There was a significant difference with elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure levels in OSA participants compared to those without OSA at preoperative assessment [mean difference (MD) 8.67; confidential interval (CI) 95% 6.09, 11.25]. OSA participants showed a statistically significant increased interventricular septum (IVS) thickness (mm) [MD 0.60; CI 95% 0.09, 1.11]; and right ventricular (RV) dimension (cm/m) [MD 0.19; CI 95% 0.10, 0.28]. There was also a significant increase in right ventricular (RV) dimension (cm/m) [MD 0.10; CI 95% 0.05, 0.14] in OSA children. CONCLUSION: There is moderate quality evidence regarding possible association between OSA and right heart repercussions. More prognosis studies are needed, to allow the combination of results in a meta-analysis.