Detection of subclinical atherosclerosis using vascular ultrasound as a vascular risk assessment method. Simplified protocol. / Detección de aterosclerosis subclínica mediante ecografía vascular como método de evaluación de riesgo vascular. Protocolo simplificado.

Cardiovascular disease secondary to atherosclerosis is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Cardiovascular risk stratification has proven to be an insufficient approach to detect those subjects who are going to suffer a cardiovascular event, which is why for years other markers have been sought to help stratify each individual with greater precision. Two-dimensional vascular ultrasound is a excellent method for vascular risk assessment.

Documento de consenso de la Sociedad Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (SEDAR), Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI) y Sociedad Española de Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES) para la definición de competencias mínimas de ecografía en Cuidados Intensivos y Urgencias y la obtención del Diploma acreditativo / Diploma on Ultrasound training and competency for Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Consensus document of the Spanish Society of Anesthesia (SEDAR), Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI) and Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES)

El uso de la ecografía como herramienta de diagnóstico clínico y guía de procedimientos a pie de cama se ha convertido en un examen indispensable en los cuidados del paciente agudo. La capacitación de los profesionales en unas competencias mínimas de conocimiento, manejo e indicaciones de uso requieren de una formación reglada definida por las Sociedades Científicas. El grupo de trabajo de Ecografía en Cuidados Intensivos de la Sociedad Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (SEDAR), de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI) y la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES) ha desarrollado este documento de consenso en el que se define el programa de formación y las competencias mínimas recomendadas a adquirir con relación al uso de la Ecografía en Cuidados Intensivos, Anestesia, Urgencias y Emergencias. En este documento se definen el programa de formación y las competencias a adquirir para alcanzar el diploma acreditativo en ecografía toraco-pulmonar, ecografía abdominal y ecografía vascular. Este documento puede servir de guía para definir las competencias a adquirir en los programas de formación de médicos internos residentes (MIR) de los especialistas que trabajen en cuidados intensivos, anestesia, urgencias y emergencias.(AU)

The use of ultrasound as a clinical diagnostic tool and guide of bedside procedures has become an indispensable examination in the acute critically ill patient. The training of professionals in minimum skills of knowledge, management and indications of use of ultrasound required to be defined by the Scientific Societies. The Intensive Care Ultrasound Working Group of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (SEDAR), of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI) and the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES) has developed this consensus document in which the recommended training program and the minimum competencies to be achieved with regard to the use of Ultrasound in Intensive Care, Anesthesia and Emergency medicine are defined. This document defines the training program and the skills to acquire in order to achieve the diploma in lung, abdominal and vascular ultrasound. This document can serve as a guide to define the skills to be acquired in the training programs of residents (MIRs) of specialists working in intensive care, anesthesia, and emergency medicine.(AU)

Diploma on Ultrasound training and competency for Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Consensus document of the Spanish Society of Anesthesia (SEDAR), Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI) and Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES). / Documento de consenso de la Sociedad Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (SEDAR), Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI) y Sociedad Española de Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES) para la definición de competencias mínimas de ecografía en Cuidados Intensivos y Urgencias y la obtención del Diploma acreditativo.

The use of ultrasound as a clinical diagnostic tool and guide of bedside procedures has become an indispensable examination in the acute critically ill patient. The training of professionals in minimum skills of knowledge, management and indications of use of ultrasound required to be defined by the Scientific Societies. The Intensive Care Ultrasound Working Group of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (SEDAR), of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI) and the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES) has developed this consensus document in which the recommended training program and the minimum competencies to be achieved with regard to the use of Ultrasound in Intensive Care, Anesthesia and Emergency medicine are defined. This document defines the training program and the skills to acquire in order to achieve the diploma in lung, abdominal and vascular ultrasound. This document can serve as a guide to define the skills to be acquired in the training programs of residents (MIRs) of specialists working in intensive care, anesthesia, and emergency medicine.

Trombose induzida pelo calor endovenoso: relato de dois casos tratados com rivaroxabana e revisão da literatura / Endothermal heat-induced thrombosis (EHIT): reports on two case treated with rivaroxaban and literature review

Define-se trombose induzida pelo calor endovenoso como a propagação do trombo a partir de uma veia superficial em direção a uma veia mais profunda. Em geral, é considerada clinicamente insignificante quando não há propagação do trombo para o sistema venoso profundo. Essa condição pode ser tratada com terapia anticoagulante, embora a observação pareça ser suficiente, principalmente para graus menores. Neste estudo, relatamos dois casos de trombose induzida pelo calor endovenoso que teriam indicação de heparina de baixo peso molecular até a resolução do quadro. Porém, optou-se pelo uso da rivaroxabana (15 mg de 12 em 12h), com resolução completa do trombo em 4 semanas (caso 1) e em 7 dias (caso 2). A rivaroxabana pode ser uma alternativa promissora no tratamento da trombose induzida pelo calor endovenoso avançada, pela simplicidade da posologia, sem comprometimento da eficácia ou da segurança. São necessários estudos prospectivos, randomizados e controlados que possibilitem melhor entendimento da condição e o desenvolvimento de recomendações mais definitivas sobre opções de prevenção e tratamento.

Endothermal heat-induced thrombosis (EHIT) is defined as propagation of a thrombus from a superficial vein into a deeper vein and is generally considered clinically insignificant if the thrombus does not propagate to the deep venous system. The condition can be treated with anticoagulation therapy, although monitoring may be sufficient, especially in less severe cases. In this paper we report on two cases of EHIT that met the criteria for indication of low molecular weight heparin until resolution of symptoms. However, the treatment actually chosen was 15 mg of rivaroxaban every 12 h and the outcomes were complete thrombus resolution in 4 weeks in Case 1 and 7 days in Case 2. Rivaroxaban may be a promising alternative for treatment of severe EHIT because the dosage regimen is simplified without compromising efficacy or safety. Prospective, randomized, controlled studies are needed to better understand EHIT and to develop more definitive recommendations on prevention and treatment options for this condition.

Prevalência da estenose aterosclerótica do tronco celíaco e da artéria mesentérica superior na arteriopatia oclusiva dos membros inferiores / Prevalence of atherosclerotic stenosis of celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery in occlusive arteriopathy of lower limbs

A eventual relação entre a aterosclerose das artérias dos membros inferiores com a aterosclerose das artérias intestinais foi pouco estudada. Objetivo: Avaliar pela ecografia vascular (Doppler) presença de lesões com estenose 70 por cento na artéria mesentérica superior e/ou tronco celíaco em doentes com arteriopatia obstrutiva crônica dos membros inferiores. Método: Foram estudados dois grupos, cada um com 60 doentes (40 homens e 20 mulheres). O grupo-caso foi composto por doentes com arteriopatia obstrutiva crônica dos membros inferiores, claudicação intermitente limitante ou dor de repouso e/ou lesões tróficas de extremidade, sem queixas gastrintestinais...