Gross, organoleptic and histologic assessment of cadaveric equine heads preserved using chemical methods for veterinary surgical teaching.

BACKGROUND: Preservation of biological tissues has been used since ancient times. Regardless of the method employed, tissue preservation is thought to be a vital step in veterinary surgery teaching and learning. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to determine the usability of chemically preserved cadaveric equine heads for surgical teaching in veterinary medicine. METHODS: Six cadaveric equine heads were collected immediately after death or euthanasia and frozen until fixation. Fixation was achieved by using a hypertonic solution consisting of sodium chloride, sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate, and an alcoholic solution containing ethanol and glycerin. Chemically preserved specimens were stored at low temperatures (2°C to 6°C) in a conventional refrigerator. The specimens were submitted to gross and organoleptic assessment right after fixative solution injection (D0) and within 10, 20, and 30 days of fixation (D10, D20, and D30, respectively). Samples of tissue from skin, tongue, oral vestibule, and masseter muscle were collected for histological evaluation at the same time points. RESULTS: Physical and organoleptic assessments revealed excellent specimen quality (mean scores higher than 4 on a 5-point scale) in most cases. In some specimens, lower scores (3) were assigned to the range of mouth opening, particularly on D0 and D10. A reduced the range of mouth opening may be a limiting factor in teaching activities involving structures located in the oral cavity. CONCLUSIONS: The excellent physical, histologic, and organoleptic characteristics of the specimens in this sample support their usability in teaching within the time frame considered. Appropriate physical and organoleptic characteristics (color, texture, odor, and flexibility) of the specimens in this study support the use of the method described for preparation of reusable anatomical specimens.

Learning and quality of life in undergraduate nursing students: An exploratory study in Chile during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic that has modified all social and, especially, learning instances. The purpose of this study was to determine the perception of final-year nursing students at a university in southern Chile regarding the impact of the pandemic on their learning, and consequently on their quality of life, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a qualitative study. The research was conducted on 14 nursing students who were selected from a university located in the province of Talca, Maule Region, Chile. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews conducted during July and September 2021. The data were analyzed using the inductive logic of theoretical categorization; this process was assisted by the Nvivo 10 program. RESULTS: Two mega categories were generated that accounted for the nursing students' experience during the COVID-19 pandemic: objective factors category and subjective factors category. Six subcategories were derived from these two categories: free time, social relationships, learning from practice, physical exercise, eating habits, and emotional state. CONCLUSION: The research findings indicate that the students, in addition to feeling upset about not being able to do the internship, also feel that they have not been able to acquire all the knowledge necessary for their training and professional development, since the virtual classes fail to deliver adequate learning as they lack the practical component that is so important in their careers. This has repercussions in the physical, social, and psychological areas, affecting their quality of life.

Maria Montessori (1870-1952): Women's emancipation, pedagogy and extra verbal communication

Maria Montessori is one of the most well-known women in Italian history. Although she was the first woman who graduated in medicine in Italy, she is mostly known as an educator. Her teaching method -the Montessori Method- is still used worldwide. Because she could not speak English during the imprisonment in India, there was a big obstacle for her communication with children. However, the need to adopt a non-verbal communication, led her to a sensational discovery: children use an innate and universal language. This language, made of gestures and mimic, is called extra verbal communication .

Estimulación temprana en niños con baja vision / Early age stimulation in childrens with low vision

Introducción: la atención a edad temprana es el grupo de técnicas educativas especiales empleadas en niños entre el nacimiento y los 6 años de vida. Objetivo: profundizar en el tema y exponer los programas de estimulación visual más usados actualmente en el mundo. Material y Método: se revisaron textos básicos de pedagogía y psicología, artículos de Internet actualizados sobre estimulación visual y discapacidad visual. Desarrollo: se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica publicada sobre la estimulación a edad temprana, la aplicación de estos programas en niños discapacitados visuales a través de la acción oportuna de un equipo multidisciplinario. Conclusiones: muchas de las causas de discapacidad visual en niños son evitables o prevenibles si se actúa de manera oportuna.

Introduction: the early age attention is a group of a special educational techniques used in children between born and six years old. Objective: get to the bottom of the theme and to show the programs more used nowadays around the world. Material and Methods: the basic texts of pedagogy and psychology were review, the actual internet articles about visual stimulation and discapacity. Development: a scientific literature review was made on the early age stimulation, the application of these programs in low vision´s children through the opportune action of multidisciplinary team. Conclusions: many causes of visual discapacity in children are avoidable or to prevent if we made opportune actions.