[Challenges in teaching first aids at schools: analysis of spanish educational legislation (LOMLOE) and curricular guidance]. / Desafíos en la enseñanza escolar de los primeros auxilios: análisis de la legislación educativa (LOMLOE) y orientación curricular.

OBJECTIVE: Teaching first aid (FA) to children and young people is a priority strategy in Public Health. The aim of this paper was to review and analyze new educational legislation within the FA curriculum framework, which is necessary for providing teachers and healthcare professionals with a practical guide that guides teaching to train first responders in different school stages. METHODS: A group of four experts with curricular experience at different educational levels, as well as in the field of FA, participated in this analysis. The methodology involved a consensus analysis approach on the content of the spanish Royal Decrees (RD) for Primary Education (RD 157/2022), Secondary Education (RD 217/2022), and Baccalaureate (RD 243/2022) that develop the curriculum of the Organic Law 3/2020 (LOMLOE). RESULTS: In the analysis of the three RD, ten general concepts were identified: accident prevention; protocol Protect, Alert, Assist (PAS); 1-1-2 protocol; recovery position (PLS); cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); automated external or semi-automatic defibrillator (AED); foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO); FA; transportation of the injured; and stroke. Throughout all educational stages, in twenty-seven instances appeared content explicitly related to accident prevention or the learning of FA. CONCLUSIONS: The current curriculum provides FA content from the age of eight-nine (3rd year of Primary Education). By the end of compulsory education, all students should be able to identify cardiac arrest, alert emergency services, initiate resuscitation maneuvers, use the defibrillator, and know how to respond to choking incidents.

OBJECTIVE: La enseñanza de los primeros auxilios (PPAA) a escolares y jóvenes es una estrategia prioritaria en Salud Pública. El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar y analizar la nueva legislación educativa en el marco curricular de PPAA, lo cual es necesario para ofrecer a los docentes y sanitarios una guía práctica que oriente la enseñanza para formar a primeros intervinientes en las diferentes etapas escolares. METHODS: Un grupo de cuatro expertos con experiencia curricular en los diferentes niveles educativos, así como en el campo de los PPAA, participaron en este análisis. La metodología consistió en un enfoque de análisis de consenso sobre el contenido de los Reales Decretos (RD) de Educación Primaria (RD 157/2022), Secundaria (RD 217/2022) y Bachillerato (RD 243/2022) que desarrollan curricularmente la Ley Orgánica 3/2020 (LOMLOE). RESULTS: En el análisis de los tres RD se encontraron diez conceptos generales: prevención de accidentes; protocolo Proteger, Alertar, Socorrer (PAS); protocolo 1-1-2; posición lateral de seguridad (PLS); reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP); desfibrilador externo automático o semiautomático (DEA/DESA); obstrucción de vía aérea por cuerpo extraño (OVACE); PPAA; traslado de accidentados; e ictus. A lo largo de todas las etapas educativas fueron veintisiete las veces en que aparecían explícitamente contenidos vinculados con la prevención de accidentes o al aprendizaje de PPAA. CONCLUSIONS: El currículo actual dota de contenido en materia de PPAA desde los ocho-nueve años (3º de Educación Primaria). Al finalizar la Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria, todo el alumnado debería saber identificar la parada cardíaca, alertar a los servicios de emergencias, iniciar las maniobras de reanimación, usar el desfibrilador y saber actuar ante un atragantamiento.

Desafíos en la enseñanza escolar de los primeros auxilios: análisis de la legislación educativa (LOMLOE) y orientación curricular / Challenges in teaching first aids at schools: analysis of spanish educational legislation (LOMLOE) and curricular guidance

Fundamentos: la enseñanza de los primeros auxilios (ppaa) a escolares y jóvenes es una estrategia prioritaria en salud pública. El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar y analizar la nueva legislación educativa en el marco curricular de ppaa, lo cual es necesario para ofrecer a los docentes y sanitarios una guía práctica que oriente la enseñanza para formar a primeros intervinientes en las diferentes etapas escolares. Métodos: un grupo de cuatro expertos con experiencia curricular en los diferentes niveles educativos, así como en el campo de los ppaa, participaron en este análisis. La metodología consistió en un enfoque de análisis de consenso sobre el contenido de los reales decretos (rd) de educación primaria (rd 157/2022), secundaria (rd 217/2022) y bachillerato (rd 243/2022) que desarrollan curricularmente la ley orgánica 3/2020 (lomloe). Resultados: en el análisis de los tres rd se encontraron diez conceptos generales: prevención de accidentes; protocolo proteger, alertar, socorrer (pas); protocolo 1-1-2; posición lateral de seguridad (pls); reanimación cardiopulmonar (rcp); desfibrilador externo automático o semiautomático (dea/desa); obstrucción de vía aérea por cuerpo extraño (ovace); ppaa; traslado de accidentados; e ictus. A lo largo de todas las etapas educativas fueron veintisiete las veces en que aparecían explícitamente contenidos vinculados con la prevención de accidentes o al aprendizaje de ppaa. Conclusiones: el currículo actual dota de contenido en materia de ppaa desde los ocho-nueve años (3º de educación primaria). Al finalizar la enseñanza secundaria obligatoria, todo el alumnado debería saber identificar la parada cardíaca, alertar a los servicios de emergencias, iniciar las maniobras de reanimación, usar el desfibrilador y saber actuar ante un atragantamiento.(AU)

Background: teaching first aid (fa) to children and young people is a priority strategy in public health. The aim of this paper was to review and analyze new educational legislation within the fa curriculum framework, which is necessary for providing teachers and healthcare professionals with a practical guide that guides teaching to train first responders in different school stages.methods: a group of four experts with curricular experience at different educational levels, as well as in the field of fa, partici-pated in this analysis. The methodology involved a consensus analysis approach on the content of the spanish royal decrees (rd) for primary education (rd 157/2022), secondary education (rd 217/2022), and baccalaureate (rd 243/2022) that develop the curriculum of the organic law 3/2020 (lomloe).results: in the analysis of the three rd, ten general concepts were identified: accident prevention; protocol protect, alert, assist (pas); 1-1-2 protocol; recovery position (pls); cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr); automated external or semi-automatic defibrillator (aed); foreign body airway obstruction (fbao); fa; transportation of the injured; and stroke. Throughout all educational stages, in twenty-seven instances appeared content explicitly related to accident prevention or the learning of fa.conclusions: the current curriculum provides fa content from the age of eight-nine (3rd year of primary education). By the end of compulsory education, all students should be able to identify cardiac arrest, alert emergency services, initiate resuscitation maneuvers, use the defibrillator, and know how to respond to choking incidents.(AU)

Inclusión educativa de personas con discapacidad / Inclusive Education of Persons with Disabilities

Introducción: La Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos, la Declaración Mundial sobre Educación y el Decreto 366 del 9 de febrero de 2009, entre otras, reglamenta la organización del servicio de apoyo pedagógico para la atención de los estudiantes con discapacidad y con apacidades o talentos excepcionales en el marco de la educación inclusiva. Esto implica planeación y reparación por parte de las entidades educativas que servirán a este propósito. Objetivos: Describir la apertura y la preparación de los docentes para brindar una atención adecuada a personas con discapacidad en tres establecimientos educativos de Bogotá de acuerdo con la normatividad existente. Materiales y método: Estudio tipo encuesta de corte transversal en docentes de tres colegios públicos de la localidad de Usaquén, en Bogotá. Se elabora un instrumento autodiligenciado con preguntas tipo Likert y se aplica de forma oluntaria, confidencial y anónima a docentes de cada uno de los colegios. Los instrumentos fueron ingresados a una base de datos y se realizaron análisis con frecuencias simples, porcentajes y puntajes obtenidos en el cuestionario. Resultados: Se describen la heterogeneidad de la discapacidad y la dificultad para incluir a las personas en condición de discapacidad de manera homogénea dentro de las legislaciones. Se encuestaron 343 docentes (93,4%) de los 367 previstos, con un promedio de edad de 48,7 años; de los cuales 292 (81,1%) son mujeres. Un 28,9% (97) de los docentes refieren sentirse preparados para educar estudiantes con discapacidad física; un 19,9% (67), para educar estudiantes con discapacidad sensorial; un 19,3% (65), para educar estudiantes con discapacidad mental (cognitiva) y un 45,8% (154), para educar estudiantes con problemas emocionales. Conclusión: El tópico de la discapacidad es heterogéneo y esto se representa en la apreciación diferencial de los docentes respecto a su preparación para atender diferentes problemáticas. Hay pocos...

Introduction: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the World Declaration on Education, and the Decree 366 dated February 9, 2009, mong others, regulate the organization and proper functioning of the educational support service provided to students with disabilities and with exceptional capacities within the framework of inclusive education. This requires an effort in planning and preparation on the part of the educational entities that will provide this service. Objectives: Describe the commencement and training of teachers in order to offer adequate attention and care for people with disabilities in three educational establishments located in Bogotá. Materials and Method: A crosssectional survey was conducted among the teachers of three public schools, in the locality of Usaquén (Bogotá). An anonymous, voluntary, and confidential survey was conducted among the teachers of the three public schools, based on a self-elaborated questionnaire including Likert-type questions. The results were entered in a database and analyzed based on simple frequencies, percentages and scores obtained in the questionnaire. Results: The heterogenic aspect of disabilities and the difficulty of including disabilities as homogenous matter in the local legislation are described. In total 343 teachers participated in the survey, 93.4% of the 367 teachers forming the combined faculty of the three public schools. The average age of the interviewees was around 48 years, and 81% (292) were female. 28% (97) of the interviewed teachers claimed to be trained and prepared to educate students with sensorial disabilities; 19.3% (65) felt qualified to teach students with mental disabilities (cognitive), and lastly, 45.8% (154) considered themselves to be apt to educate and handle students with emotional issues. Conclusion: The topic of disabilities is heterogeneous; this heterogenic aspect is represented or proven by the fact that teachers have a differential appreciation regar...

Educação nas leis orgânicas dos Municípios Fluminenses: pouca originalidade e muita cópia / Education in Rio de Janeiro Municipalities' constitutions: little originality and ample copy

O artigo examina as disposições educacionais nas Leis Orgânicas dos 92 municípios fluminenses e constata que elas apresentam pouca originalidade, pois são principalmente cópias das Constituições Federal e Estadual do Rio de Janeiro e de modelos fornecidos por consultorias legislativas ou partidos políticos. Observa que a maioria contém as mesmas formulações e os mesmos equívocos das Constituições e que existem as que até copiam errado artigos dos textos base, o que provavelmente não ocorreria se os vereadores tivessem elaborado as leis de maneira autônoma. Algumas Leis Orgânicas apresentam, contudo, contribuições originais, tanto positivas (aumento do percentual mínimo da receita orçamentária municipal para a educação) quanto negativas (redução desse percentual através de emendas). O estudo mostra como é frágil o exercício concreto da autonomia municipal na elaboração dessas leis em uma perspectiva democrática e como é ilusória a ideia de muitos que no âmbito local o exercício da cidadania é mais fácil.(AU)

The article examines the educational provisions in the constitutions of the 92 municipalities of the State of Rio de Janeiro and finds that they show little originality, for they are mainly a copy of the Brazilian Federal Constitution, the State Constitution of Rio de Janeiro and of models sold by consultancies especialized in the sale of legal packages or supplied by political parties. It puts forward the argument that many municipal constitutions are copies of such models because they repeat the same formulations, which would not probably occur if the councillors had drafted the municipal constitutiosn autonomously. However, a number of municipal constitutions contain original contributions, both positive (increasing the minimum percentage of taxes to education) and negative (reduction of this percentage by means of amendments to the municipal constitutions. This indicates the fragility of the concrete exercise of municipal autonomy in the drafting of municipal constitutions from a democratic perspective and the illusion that many have that the exercise of citizenship is easier on a local level.(AU)