Trabalho emocional e engajamento no trabalho em policiais militares: mediação da identidade profissional / Emotional labor and work engagement in military police: mediation of professional identity / Trabajo emocional y engagement en el trabajo en policías militares: mediación de la identidad profesional

Policiais Militares que atuam nas ruas lidam com demandas emocionais da população, de suspeitos, criminosos e de vítimas e isso afeta o uso de estratégias de regulação emocional e o engajamento no trabalho. Este estudo testou a mediação da identidade profissional do PM na relação entre trabalho emocional (demandas e estratégias) e o engajamento. Participaram do estudo 302 policiais militares. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Emotional Labour Scale, Emotion Work Requirements Scale, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, e a Escala Trifatorial da Identidade Social. Os resultados apontaram que a identidade profissional medeia a relação entre as demandas de expressão de emoções positivas, ação profunda e ação superficial com o engajamento, confirmando as três hipóteses levantadas nesse estudo. Conclui-se que a identidade profissional pode funcionar como um recurso pessoal do PM com efeitos positivos no trabalho, quando o trabalhador tenta mudar seus sentimentos internos para atender demandas emocionais do público com quem interage.

Military policemen working on the streets deal with emotional demands of the population, suspects, criminal and victims and this affect their emotion regulation strategies and work engagement. This study tested the mediation of professional identity in the relation between emotional work (demands and strategies) and work engagement. 302 military policemen participated in this study. The instruments were the Emotional Labour Scale, Emotion Work Requirements Scale, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and Trifactorial Social Identity Scale. Result indicates mediation effect of professional identity over the effect of work engagement on demands of expression of positive emotions, deep action and superficial action emotional work strategy, confirming the three hypotheses elaborated in this study. It is concluded that professional identity might work as a personal resource of military policemen with positive effects on work, when the worker tries to change his internal feelings to attempt emotion demands of the public.

La policía militar que trabajan en las calles maneja las demandas emocionales de la población, sospechosos, delincuentes y víctimas con efectos sobre el uso de estrategias de trabajo emocional y engagement en el trabajo. Este estudio probó la mediación de la identidad profesional en la relación entre trabajo emocional (demandas y estrategias) y el engagement. Participaron del estudio 302 policías militares. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: Emotional Labour Scale, Emotion Work Requirements Scale, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, y la Escala Trifatorial da Identidade Social. Los resultados apuntaron que el efecto mediador de la identidad profesional sobre el engagement ocurre para las demandas de expresión de emociones positivas, acción profunda y acción superficial, confirmando las tres hipótesis elaboradas. Se concluye que la identidad puede funcionar como un recurso personal del policía con efectos positivos en el trabajo, cuando el trabajador intenta cambiar sus sentimientos internos para satisfacer las demandas emocionales del público.

Engagement of nurses in their profession. Qualitative study on engagement. / Implicación de las enfermeras en su profesión. Un estudio cualitativo sobre el engagement.

OBJECTIVE: To identify common issues of nurses with high engagement to enable us to develop the construct as it applies to nursing in more depth. METHOD: Based on the constructivist paradigm and with a phenomenological approach, a qualitative content analysis was conducted using an inductive approach. Participants were nurses working in direct care in different healthcare areas. The sample size was determined by data saturation and 15 participants were interviewed. RESULTS: The units of meaning were grouped into 11 subcategories, and then into 7 categories termed vigour, dedication, reward, autonomy, social support, conciliation and attributes of nurses. Then these categories were grouped into 3 major themes: job characteristics, characteristics of organizations, and individual characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Having high engagement does not mean ignoring the negative aspects of work and organizations. Nurses who maintain high engagement are also affected by the negative aspects, however the assessment of positive aspects such as enjoying the work, the meaning of being a nurse, reward and autonomy enable the process of depletion of engagement to be overcome. In view of the findings, we propose reconceptualising the construct, taking the features of nursing into account.

Análisis de las propiedades psicométricas de la Utrecht Work Engagement Scale en una muestra de trabajadores en Puerto Rico / Analysis of Psychometric Properties of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale in a Sample of Workers in Puerto Rico

El estudio del engagement en el trabajo es cada vez más común en la literatura científica. La estructura factorial del instrumento más utilizado por los investigadores para evaluar el engagement, la Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), ha mostrado múltiples inconsistencias en diversos países. El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la UWES en una muestra de 2.796 trabajadores en Puerto Rico. Se examinó la estructura factorial de la escala mediante ecuaciones estructurales, con el método de estimación de máxima verosimilitud. Los resultados muestran que el modelo de tres factores posee un mejor ajuste a los datos de la escala, siendo consistente con la concepción del engagement como constructo compuesto por tres dimensiones: vigor, dedicación y absorción. La validez y la fiabilidad de la UWES son adecuadas, por lo que se concluyó que la escala posee las cualidades para ser utilizada en investigaciones en el contexto laboral puertorriqueño.

The study of work engagement is becoming increasingly common in the scientific literature. There are many inconsistencies regarding the factorial structure of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) the most widely used instrument by researchers in different countries. The objective of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the UWES using a sample of 2,796 employees in Puerto Rico. We examined the psychometric properties of UWES using structural equations with the method of maximum likelihood estimation. The results show that the three-factor model has a better fit, being consistent with the conception of engagement as a construct formed by three dimensions: vigor, dedication, and absorption. The validity and reliability of UWES are appropriate, and we conclude that the scale has the qualities to be used in research in the Puerto Rican labor context.

Justicia organizacional, engagement en el trabajo y comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional: una combinación ganadora / Organizational Justice, Work Engagement and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Winning Combination

Se han realizado muchos estudios sobre la relación de la justicia organizacional y los comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional. Sin embargo, todavía existen preguntas sobre los procesos psicológicos que explican esta relación. Este estudio pone a prueba el rol del mediador del engagement en el trabajo, como proceso psicológico que explica la relación entre la justicia organizacional y los comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional. Una muestra de 144 empleados de múltiples sectores ocupacionales (servicios, ventas, entre otros) de Puerto Rico participó en el estudio. Los resultados de los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales con Partial Least Squares apoyan nuestra hipótesis: el engagement media en su totalidad la relación entre justicia y comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional. Cuando las personas perciben que son tratadas en el trabajo de forma justa, se fomenta el engagement en el trabajo, lo que a su vez, predice de los comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional.

Many studies have been conducted about the relationship of organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors. However, there still are questions regarding the psychological processes that explain the relationship. This study tests the mediating role of work engagement as a psychological process that explains the relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors. A sample of 144 employees from multiple occupational industries (service, sales, among others) in Puerto Rico participated in this study. The results from structural equation with Partial Least Squares support our hypothesis: work engagement completely mediates the relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors. When employees are treated in a fair way, work engagement is fostered, which in turn, predicts organizational citizenship behaviors.

Factores de riesgo psicosocial y compromiso (engagement) con el trabajo en una organización del sector salud de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia / Psychosocial risk factors and work (engagement) in a health care institution in the city of, Cali - Colombia / Fatores de risco psicossocial e compromisso com o trabalho em uma organização do setor da saúde na cidade de Cali na Colômbia

El presente artículo describe los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue evaluar e identificar la relación entre los Factores Psicosociales Intralaborales y la experiencia de Engagement en el trabajo, en una organización privada del sector salud de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. Participaron 111 trabajadores. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Factores de Riesgo Psicosocial Intralaboral (Ministerio de la Protección Social, 2010) y la versión en español de la Encuesta de Bienestar y Trabajo (Utrech Work Engagement Scale (UWES)), elaborada por Shaufeli y Bakker (2003). El puntaje total en la evaluación de Factores de Riesgo Psicosocial permite inferir que la organización se encuentra en un nivel de riesgo medio. Las dimensiones que indican un nivel de riesgo alto son: Demandas emocionales en el trabajo y Retroalimentación del desempeño. En la evaluación del Engagement se encontraron puntajes altos y medios en sus tres dimensiones (vigor, dedicación y absorción), mostrando relaciones estadísticamente significativas con los factores psicosociales: Control sobre el trabajo, Recompensas, y Liderazgo y relaciones sociales en el trabajo. Como conclusión, la investigación logró evidenciar relaciones significativas entre los Factores Psicosociales Intralaborales y la experiencia de Engagement en el trabajo, por lo cual se destaca la pertinencia de incluir la mirada de la Psicología Positiva en el estudio de las condiciones de trabajo y su impacto en la salud de los trabajadores.

This paper describes the results and conclusions of a research whose main objective was to assess and identify the relationship between psychosocial factors at work and the experience of work Engagement in a private health care institution of the city of Cali, Colombia. Participants were 111 workers involved in care and administrative positions. The Cuestionario de Factores de Riesgo Psicosocial Intralaboral (Ministerio de la Protección Social, 2010). (Psycho-social risk factors at work Questionnaire) (Ministry of Social Protection, 2010) and the Spanish version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), developed by Shaufeli and Bakker (2003) were used. The total score in the assessment of Psychosocial Risk Factors at work for the entire organization showed a medium level of risk. The higher risk levels were found in the dimensions of emotional demands at work and performance feedback. In the assessment of work Engagement, high and average scores were found for the three domains of this construct (vigor, dedication, and absorption), showing statistically significant relationships with the psychosocial factors of Control over work, Rewards, and Leadership and Social Relationships. As a conclusion, this research showed statistically significant relationships between Psychosocial Factors and work Engagement. Therefore, the importance of including a Positive Psychology view on the study of work conditions and their impact on workers' health and quality of life is highlighted.

O presente artigo descreve os resultados de uma pesquisa cujo objetivo foi avaliar e identificar a relação entre os Fatores Psicossociais Intratrabalhistas e a experiência de Engagement no trabalho, em uma organização particular do setor da saúde da cidade de Cali na Colômbia. Participaram 111 trabalhadores. Utilizou-se o Questionário de Fatores de Risco Psicossocial Intralaboral (Ministério de Proteção Social, 2010) e a versão em espanhol da Pesquisa de Bem-estar e Trabalho (Utrech Work Engagement Scale (UWES)), elaborada por Shaufeli e Bakker (2003). A pontuação total na avaliação de Fatores de Risco Psicossocial permite inferir que a organização encontra-se em um nível de risco médio. As dimensões que indicam um nível de risco alto são: Demandas emocionais no trabalho e Retroalimentação do desempenho. Na avaliação do Engagement encontraram-se pontuações altas e médias em suas três dimensões (vigor, dedicação e absorção), mostrando relações estatisticamente significativas com os fatores psicossociais Controle sobre o trabalho, Recompensas, e Liderança e relações sociais no trabalho. Como conclusão, a pesquisa conseguiu evidenciar relações significativas entre os Fatores Psicossociais Intratrabalhistas e a experiência de Engagement no trabalho, pelo qual destaca-se pertinência de incluir o olhar da Psicologia Positiva no estudo das condições de trabalho e seu impacto na saúde dos trabalhadores.

Cómo predicen las prácticas organizacionales el engagement en el trabajo en equipo: el rol de la confianza organizacional / How organizational practices predict team work engagement: the role of organizacional trust

El presente estudio contribuye a entender la relación entre prácticas organizacionales saludables, confianza organizacional y engagement en el trabajo en equipo basándose en el Modelo de Organizaciones Saludables y Resilientes (HERO, Salanova, Llorens, Cifre, y Martínez, 2010) utilizando datos agregados a nivel de equipo. La muestra está compuesta por 518 empleados anidados en 55 equipos que pertenecen a 13 Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (PyMEs) españolas. Las variables se agregaron a nivel de equipos utilizando el Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclase (CCI1 y CCI2). De acuerdo a lo esperado, los Modelos de Ecuaciones Estructurales revelaron que la confianza organizacional media de forma total la relación entre prácticas organizacionales saludables y engagement en el trabajo en equipo. Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas del estudio.

The current study aims to contribute to our understanding of the relationship between healthy organizational practices, organizational trust and team work engagement. It is based on the Healthy &Resilient Organizations Model (Salanova, Llorens, Cifre, & Martínez, 2010) and examines 518 employees nested in 55 teams from 13 small-and medium-sized enterprises using data aggregated at the work-unit level. Healthy organizational practices, organizational trust and team work engagement were aggregated from team members’ perceptions using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC1and ICC2) taking the group as the referent. Structural Equation Modeling by AMOS revealed that, as expected, organizational trust plays a full mediating role among healthy organizational practices and team work engagement at the team. Theoretical and practical contributions based on the Healthy & Resilient Organizations Model are discussed.