A qualitative analysis and evaluation of social support received after experiencing a broken marriage engagement and impacts on holistic health.

This study provides new insights into the role of social support in the largely unexplored field of broken marriage engagements and an individual's wellbeing. The study extends the optimal matching theory (OMT) and the research surrounding helpful, unhelpful, and mixed social support. It uses constant comparison to examine the social support messages individuals received after telling others their engagement ended, as described in 43, in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Six types of helpful support messengers, six types of unhelpful support messengers, and four mixed messenger types were found. Receiver-centric messengers were found to be more helpful than messengers who centered on their own feelings and needs, sometimes to the detriment of the receiver's own wellbeing. Being present, thoughtful, and intentional with words, can have a positive impact on a person's holistic health, regardless of whether the relationship is a weak-tie or strong-tie. Using study findings, the broken engagement message stoplight is proposed, detailing messages that are generally helpful to a person's overall wellbeing, messages that should likely be avoided, and messages that should be said cautiously when interacting with someone experiencing a broken engagement.

Perceptions of Global Health Engagements in Relation to the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Health Care Workers and Administrators in Western Kenya: Protocol for a Multistage Qualitative Study.

BACKGROUND: There has been significant interest in global health in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) among individuals living in high-income countries (HICs) over the past 30 years. Much of the literature on global health engagements (GHEs) has been presented from the perspective of individuals from high-income countries. Local stakeholders such as health care workers and health care administrators represent critical constituencies for global health activities, yet their perspectives are underrepresented in the literature. The purpose of this study is to examine the experiences of local health care workers and administrators with GHEs in Kenya. We will explore the perceived role GHEs play in preparing the health system to address a public health crisis, as well as their role in pandemic recovery and its aftermath. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study are to (1) examine how Kenyan health care workers and administrators interpret experiences with GHEs as having advantaged or hindered them and the local health system to provide care during an acute public health crisis and (2) to explore recommendations to reimagine GHEs in a postpandemic Kenya. METHODS: This study will be conducted at a large teaching and referral hospital in western Kenya with a long history of hosting GHEs in support of its tripartite mission of providing care, training, and research. This qualitative study will be conducted in 3 phases. In phase 1, in-depth interviews will be conducted to capture participants' lived experience in relation to their unique understandings of the pandemic, GHEs, and the local health system. In phase 2, group discussions using nominal group techniques will be conducted to determine potential priority areas to reimagine future GHEs. In phase 3, in-depth interviews will be conducted to explore these priority areas in greater detail to explore recommendations for potential strategies, policies, and other actions that might be used to achieve the priorities determined to be of highest importance. RESULTS: The study activities commenced in late summer 2022, with findings to be published in 2023. It is anticipated that the findings from this study will provide insight into the role GHEs play in a local health system in Kenya and provide critical stakeholder and partner input from persons hitherto ignored in the design, implementation, and management of GHEs. CONCLUSIONS: This qualitative study will examine the perspectives of GHEs in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic among Kenyan health care workers and health care administrators in western Kenya using a multistage protocol. Using a combination of in-depth interviews and nominal group techniques, this study aims to shed light on the roles global health activities are perceived to play in preparing health care professionals and the health system to address an acute public health crisis. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/41836.

The self in selfies-Conceptualizing the selfie-coordination of marginalized youth with sociology of engagements.

This article develops a theory of selfies as reflexive practices of self-coordination. Building on pragmatist sociology of engagements, I conceptualize selfies as digital practices of coordinating with the self in formats that are recognizable for others. This framework allows approaching the self as an act of coordination, simultaneously shaped by, and equipped to subvert the cultural conditions of how we ought to be. As these conditions are increasingly enforced and negotiated in the socio-technological arrangements of digital platforms, the article proposes an approach for making sense of selfies as key contemporary tools of self-making. Based on ethnographic work among activists with marginalizing experiences, I ask how the self is coordinated in the activists' selfies. I identify four ways of coordinating with the self in selfies: the self in a plan, the self in exploration, the affirmed self, and the self as public critique. The article contributes to our understanding on how practices of self-making evolve in an increasingly visual-digital society, and provides an approach for conceptualising the self as plural. By approaching the selfie as different formats of relating to the self, the framework proposed accounts for the possibility of multiple selves now afforded by digital technologies and enables analysing their politicizing potential.

Frustrations of a Longtime Global Issues Activist Comment on "Ensuring Global Health Equity in a Post-pandemic Economy".

Labonté's first commentary1 concluded with what I wholeheartedly agree, namely that "we need an activist public health movement to ensure there is sufficient political will to adopt them." In their follow-up commentary, Moers and colleagues2 looked at things from a slightly different angle saying that to achieve equity will need radical changes in economic thinking and policies; they added that advocates needed to be strategic about framing and use hope-based communication and develop attractive and convincing narratives: "By doing so, hopefully we can bring these messages across to larger groups of people." Well, I think that, together with many others, I have been strategic and radical, but only to accumulate a large bag of disappointments and broken hopes in trying to 'bring the message across.' But I come back to memories of so many defeats that I, with others, have lived through. Here, I describe my frustrations but explain why I do not give up hope.

Social acceptance of livestock-administered endectocides for malaria control in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa.

BACKGROUND: Malaria continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa and conventional malaria control strategies, such as indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated bed nets, have limited effectiveness for some malarial vectors. Consequently, the development of alternative or supplementary strategies is required. One potential strategy is the use of livestock-administered endectocides to control vector mosquitoes that feed outdoors on livestock. However, since this strategy requires support from local communities and livestock owners consenting for their animals to be treated, it can only be implemented if agreed to by affected communities. The aim of this study was to assess the social acceptance of the use of livestock-administered endectocides in the malaria endemic villages of Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa, where malaria incidence is high. METHODS: Questionnaires were administered to 103 livestock-owning households from four villages, namely, Gumbu, Malale, Manenzhe and Bale. The assessment included questions on the acceptability of the strategy, the type and number of livestock owned, distances between houses and kraals (overnight pens) as well as previous use and awareness of endectocides. The results were analysed using descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: The types of livestock owned by the participants comprised, cattle, goats, sheep and donkeys, with the most dominant being goats (n = 1040) and cattle (n = 964). The majority of kraals were less than 10 m from homesteads. Most participants (72.5%) were already using chemicals to treat their livestock for parasites. All participants were amenable to the implementation of the strategy, and would give consent for their animals to be treated by endectocides. CONCLUSIONS: The use of livestock-administered endectocides appears to be a feasible and acceptable approach for control of animal-feeding malaria vector species in the malaria endemic villages of Vhembe District. This is based on a high percentage of rural residents keeping suitable livestock close to their homes and expressing willingness to use endectocides for mosquito control.

Non-Cooperation within a School-Based Wellness Program during the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Qualitative Research.

This paper presents a qualitative analysis of COVID-19's impact on the development, delivery, and uptake of "Favoring Myself", a school-based interactive wellness program conducted via Zoom during 2020-2021. "Favoring Myself" targets resilience, self-esteem, body-esteem, self-care behaviors, and media literacy among 5th-grade preadolescents. Data were obtained from meetings, 23 semi-structured interviews with parents, teachers, and principals, and other modes of correspondence. All data were transcribed and thematically analyzed. The analysis highlighted the barriers faced when delivering external programs during COVID-19. Parents' difficulties in cooperating with the program, distrustful relationships between parents and the education system, as well as teachers' overload and stress, were identified as barriers to the external program's sustainability. These challenges are discussed in light of previous studies of school-based programs, the psychological and social contexts of an ongoing crisis and the impact of neoliberalism on education. This study concludes that school-based prevention programs and accompanying research should be more flexible and focus on understanding and relating to parents' and schools' fears, uncertainties, and resistance. It is the hope of the authors that knowledge created through this exploration will be helpful in future coping vis-à-vis prevention program teams and recipients in times of unpredictable, unmanageable, and overpowering crises.

Novel approaches to fake news and fake account detection in OSNs: user social engagement and visual content centric model.

With an increase in the number of active users on OSNs (Online Social Networks), the propagation of fake news became obvious. OSNs provide a platform for users to interact with others by expressing their opinions, resharing content into different networks, etc. In addition to these, interactions with posts are also collected, termed as social engagement patterns. By taking these social engagement patterns (by analyzing infectious disease spread analogy), SENAD(Social Engagement-based News Authenticity Detection) model is proposed, which detects the authenticity of news articles shared on Twitter based on the authenticity and bias of the users who are engaging with these articles. The proposed SENAD model incorporates the novel idea of authenticity score and factors in user social engagement centric measures such as Following-followers ratio, account age, bias, etc. The proposed model significantly improves fake news and fake account detection, as highlighted by classification accuracy of 93.7%. Images embedded with textual data catch more attention than textual messages and play a vital role in quickly propagating fake news. Images published have distinctive features which need special attention for detecting whether it is real or fake. Images get altered or misused to spread fake news. The framework Credibility Neural Network (CredNN) is proposed to assess the credibility of images on OSNs, by utilizing the spatial properties of CNNs to look for physical alterations in an image as well as analyze if the image reflects a negative sentiment since fake images often exhibit either one or both characteristics. The proposed hybrid idea of combining ELA and Sentiment analysis plays a prominent role in detecting fake images with an accuracy of around 76%.

Remote emergency learning during COVID-19 and its impact on university students perception of blended learning in KSA.

This study explores the impact of remote emergency learning during the COVID-19 pandemic on students' perception and acceptance of blended learning after the pandemic. The study applies the Community of Inquiry framework to understand the predictors and whether there is any statically significant correlation between the experience of remote teaching and students' perception and acceptance of the blended learning mode in the future as a stage in the gradual return to normal life after the pandemic. In addition to examining the correlation between students' perception of cognitive, teaching and social presences on their perception of blended learning, the correlation between technological and financial factors as well as demographic data on the intention to enrol in blended learning in the future is examined. The study surveyed one hundred and fifteen students from female Saudi Universities who are enrolled in a design major. The results revealed that the teaching, cognitive and social presences constructs are predictors of students' perception and acceptance of blended learning. Further, the facilitating conditions and efforts expectancy are also predictors of the perception of blended learning. The study also found that there is a significant correlation between the CoI and the selected constructs from the UTAUT when it comes to studying students' perception of blended learning.

Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE): first steps in the process of the engagement in research projects in Brazil

Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) - sometimes called Community Engagement and Involvement (CEI) - comes as a big challenge but one that can be very helpful for health care professionals and stakeholders in planning better health policies for attending to the main needs of the community. PPIE involves three pillars: public involvement, public engagement, and participation. Public involvement occurs when members of the general population are actively involved in developing the research question, designing, and conducting the research. Public engagement tells people about new studies, why they are important, the impact of results, the possible implication of the main findings for the community, and the possible impact of these new findings in society, as well as, in the dissemination of knowledge to the general population. Participation is being a volunteer in the study. Our experience with PPIE, to the best of our knowledge the first initiative in Brazil, is a partnership with the University of Birmingham, the University of Liverpool, and the NIHR Global Health Group on Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Management focusing on the AF care pathway exploring the important aspects of diagnosis and treatment in the primary care system from a low-middle income area in São Paulo. The involvement of patients/public in the research represents a new step in the process of inclusion of all segments of our society based on patient illness and the gaps in knowledge aiming to open new horizons for continuous improvement and better acceptance of research projects.

The Utility of Scatter Feeding as Enrichment: Do Broiler Chickens Engage with Scatter-Fed Items?

In recent years, welfare certification companies have encouraged the use of scatter feeding as enrichment material, though there is little scientific evidence to support a scatter feeding program. This study aimed to understand the impact of scatter feeding on the foraging behavior of broilers. One hundred eighty Ross 308 chicks were allocated into six treatment groups (six replicates/treatment). Broilers were scatter fed dried mealworms, whole wheat, shredded cabbage, alfalfa pellets, wood shavings, or no scatter feeding, respectively. Enrichment was provided on the first three days of each week. Total foraging, active foraging, and feeding were observed for one-hour periods immediately after scattering, 2 h later, and 6 h later. In all groups, broilers increased both total (p = 0.001) and active (p = 0.001) foraging, though this was most pronounced in the dried mealworm group. Across all groups, active foraging decreased with age (p = 0.001). The mealworm group also showed a corresponding decrease in feeding during hour one compared to the later hours (p = 0.001). These results did not provide evidence that scatter feeding encourages foraging behavior, except for a short-term effect of a high value feed item. This finding suggests that the item scattered and the delivery method should be studied further.

Physical activity and predictors of loneliness in community-dwelling older adults: The role of social connectedness.

This study sought to examine whether and how social connectedness impacts the association between physical activity and loneliness among older people in Ghana. Data for the analysis were obtained from the 2016-2017 Aging, Health, Psychological Wellbeing and Health-seeking Behavior Study (AgeHeaPsyWel-HeaSeeB) (N = 1200; mean age 66±12 years; women = 63%). Loneliness was assessed with the Short Form Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale. Multivariate linear regressions showed that increases in physical activity were associated with decreases in loneliness in the overall sample (ß= -0.338, p < 0.005) and for men (ß= -0.712, p < 0.005) but not in women (ß = -0.039, p = 0.840). The negative association between physical activity and loneliness was moderated by social connectedness such that persons highly connected were much less likely to experience loneliness following physical activity engagement (ß= -0.709, p = 0.023). Age-based analysis showed differential effects of physical activity on loneliness among the 65+ group (ß = -0.437, p = 0.002) compared to the 50-64 group (ß= -0.502, p = 0.031). Later life social connectedness tempers with the beneficial impact of physical activity on loneliness. Interventions to heal loneliness and for active aging should target physical activity and interpersonal engagements among older adults.

The extraversion-neuroticism and geriatric depression relations: do social engagements and social supports have roles to play?

Evidence on the social pathways by which personality traits associate with depressive feeling is lacking. This study assessed the mediating roles of social engagements and social supports on the associations of extraversion and neuroticism with depressive symptoms among 465 older adults (Meanage = 74.18 ± 9.42) recruited from the senatorial districts of Ekiti State, Nigeria. Major assumptions were tested in structural equation modelling frame-work. High extraversion influenced both high engagements in social activities and perceived social supports, and then low depressive symptoms. High neuroticism predicted both low social engagements and social supports, and then increased depressive symptoms. While a full mediation was established between extraversion and depression, a partial one was found between neuroticism and depression. The total effect of neuroticism on depression surpassed that of extraversion. Psychotherapeutic interventions targeting depression from high neuroticism may aim frequent social engagements and seeking family and non-family supports.

Social engagement within the facility increased life expectancy in nursing home residents: a follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: Social engagement (SE) has been consistently shown to improve survival among community-dwelling older people, but the evidence in nursing home residents is inconclusive and prone to short-term reverse causation and confounding by major health determinants. Our main objective was to study the potential causal effect of within-the-facility social engagement (SE) on long-term all-cause mortality in care home residents. METHODS: A representative cohort of 382 nursing home residents in Madrid without severe physical and cognitive impairments at baseline was followed up for 10-year all-cause mortality. Standardized mortality curves for residents with low/null, moderate, and high levels of SE at baseline were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods and spline-based survival models with inverse probability of exposure weights conditional on baseline sociodemographic characteristics, facility features, comorbidity, and disability. Standardized 5-year mortality risks and median survival times were compared across levels of SE. RESULTS: The baseline prevalences of low/null, moderate, and high SE were 36, 44, and 20%, respectively. Compared with residents with low/null SE at baseline, the standardized differences (95% confidence intervals) in 5-year mortality risk were - 2.3% (- 14.6 to 10.0%) for moderately engaged residents and - 18.4% (- 33.8 to - 2.9%) for highly engaged residents. The median survival time increased by 0.4 (- 1.4 to 2.2) and 3.0 (0.8 to 5.2) years, respectively. CONCLUSION: Residents with high SE within the nursing home had an 18% lower 5-year mortality risk and a 3-year increase in their median survival, as compared with residents with similar health determinants but low/null SE. The development of adequate tailored intervention programs, addressed to increase SE in nursing home residents, could improve their long-term survival, in addition to expected gains in quality of life.

Environmental Characteristics Associated with Older Adults' Social Participation: The Contribution of Sociodemography and Transportation in Metropolitan, Urban, and Rural Areas.

Although social participation fosters older adults' health, little is known about which environmental characteristics are related to greater participation in social activities. The Canadian Community Health Survey (n = 2737), a transportation survey, and multiple secondary data sources were used to identify the environmental characteristics associated with older Quebecers' social participation according to living area. Greater social participation was associated with: (1) a higher concentration of older adults (IRR = 2.172 (95% CI 1.600, 2.948); p < 0.001), more kilometers traveled by paratransit (IRR = 1.714 (95% CI 1.286, 2.285); p < 0.01), a lack of medical clinics (IRR = 0.730 (95% CI 0.574, 0.930); p = 0.01), and more funded home adaptations (IRR = 1.170 (95% CI 1.036, 1.320); p = 0.01) in large metropolitan areas; (2) larger paratransit fleets (IRR = 1.368 (95% CI 1.044, 1.791); p = 0.02) and a lower density of road intersections (IRR = 0.862 (95% CI 0.756, 0.982); p = 0.03) in regular metropolitan areas; (3) less social deprivation (IRR = 1.162 (95% CI 1.025, 1.318); p = 0.02) in urban areas; and (4) a higher concentration of older populations (IRR = 2.386 (95% CI 1.817, 3.133); p < 0.001) in rural areas. According to these findings, social participation interventions should target the local environment-for example, by providing more social interaction opportunities for older adults living in younger neighborhoods and by improving access to public transportation, especially paratransit.

What Can Pinterest Do for Radiology?

The rapid growth of social media over the last decade soon convinced businesses including medical practices and academic medical centers to enter the social media fray-for profit, education, and expanding access. Launched in 2010, Pinterest (San Francisco, CA, USA) differed from many of the established social media platforms by presenting collection and curation features based on the sharing of images rather than text. Thus, Pinterest allows users to categorize website links using photos, GIFs, and videos, and catalog them for future consideration, saved on a virtual folder or "pinboard." Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn are text-heavy social media platforms that do not allow for significant curating activities. Instagram, the other of the two primary photo-oriented social media giants, was launched the same year as Pinterest. Owned by Facebook, Instagram caters to a more personal experience and mostly relies on mobile technology. Because Pinterest users are mainly focused on finding and collecting other users' content, Pinterest is thought to generate website traffic and is more conducive to use on larger screens. It further distinguishes itself by encouraging appreciation/learning over self-promotion and its range of categories exceeds that of other such sites. Some of the more visually oriented medical specialties (i.e., dermatology, plastic surgery, and radiology) have begun to consider what role, if any, the popular site Pinterest, with more than 250 million monthly users, might play in disseminating healthy messages, reaching patients, and contributing to medical education. We investigated how Pinterest could work for our radiology education mission and then decided to establish a presence on the site to ascertain if creating our own board would have any practical benefits.

The Living Experience of Feeling Overwhelmed: A Parse Research Study.

Feeling overwhelmed is a universal living experience of living quality. Although feeling overwhelmed frequently occurs in healthcare, studies related to its meaning have never been published. Parse's humanbecoming school of thought was the theoretical framework for this study. The research question for this study was: What is the structure of the living experience of feeling overwhelmed? The purpose was to advance nursing science and enhance the theory of humanbecoming. Parse's phenomenological-hermeneutic research method was the method used. Participants from the general population included nine women and one man ranging in age from 18 to 65. Descriptions were arrived at through dialogical engagement. The major finding of the study is the structure: Feeling overwhelmed is burdening disconcertedness surfacing with divergent engagements as optimistic anticipation arises while structuring endeavors.