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1.
Sci Total Environ ; 950: 175218, 2024 Nov 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39097025

RESUMO

Ensuring the sustainability and circularity of mixed crop-ruminant livestock systems is essential if they are to deliver on the enhancement of long-term productivity and profitability with a smaller footprint. The objectives of this study were to select indicators in the environmental, economic and social dimensions of sustainability of crop-livestock systems, to assess if these indicators are relevant in the operational schedule of farmers, and to score the indicators in these farm systems. The scoring system was based on relevance to farmers, data availability, frequency of use, and policy. The study was successful in the assemblage of a suite of indicators comprising three dimensions of sustainability and the development of criteria to assess the usefulness of these indicators in crop-ruminant livestock systems in distinct agro-climatic regions across the globe. Except for ammonia emissions, indicators within the Emissions to air theme obtained high scores, as expected from mixed crop-ruminant systems in countries transitioning towards low emission production systems. Despite the inherent association between nutrient losses and water quality, the sum of scores was numerically greater for the former, attributed to a mix of economic and policy incentives. The sum of indicator scores within the Profitability theme (farm net income, expenditure and revenue) received the highest scores in the economic dimension. The Workforce theme (diversity, education, succession) stood out within the social dimension, reflecting the need for an engaged labor force that requires knowledge and skills in both crop and livestock husbandry. The development of surveys with farmers/stakeholders to assess the relevance of farm-scale indicators and tools is important to support direct actions and policies in support of sustainable mixed crop-ruminant livestock farm systems.


Assuntos
Agricultura , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Fazendeiros , Gado , Animais , Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Agricultura/métodos , Produtos Agrícolas , Fazendas , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/métodos , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos
2.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 47(2): e2419, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1341485

RESUMO

Introducción: El daño al medio ambiente es cada vez mayor, los problemas ambientales globales crecen por día, ya sea por causas naturales o antrópicas. Esto provoca la aparición y agravamiento de diversas enfermedades por lo que existe una relación entre los problemas ambientales y los problemas de salud. Por esta razón los médicos deben conocer profundamente dicha relación lo que permitirá desempeñar mejor sus variadas funciones y entre ellas las educativas. Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de conocimientos sobre la dimensión ambiental en estudiantes de sexto año de la carrera de Medicina y residentes de primer año de Medicina General Integral. Métodos: Se aplicó una encuesta de conocimientos, a través de la plataforma Moodle, sobre conceptos, factores y problemas relacionados con el medio ambiente y sus vínculos con problemas de salud, a 32 estudiantes de sexto año terminado de la carrera de Medicina correspondiente al 35,55 por ciento del total de la matrícula, así como a 29 residentes de medicina general integral también con primer año de la residencia finalizado para un 55,76 por ciento de los matriculados. Las muestras pertenecientes a las facultades de ciencias médicas Manuel Fajardo y Salvador Allende se seleccionaron de forma aleatoria. Resultados: El resultado general de la encuesta fue de un 21,88 por ciento de aprobados para los estudiantes y de un 27,59 por ciento para los residentes. Estos concordaron con un bajo porciento de aciertos en diferentes preguntas, por ejemplo, las que exploraron conceptos importantes como medio ambiente y desarrollo sostenible, así como la de los problemas ambientales de Cuba y sus efectos, como el deterioro de la condición higiénico-sanitaria (ambientales) en los asentamientos humanos, entre otros. Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimiento mostrado por los estudiantes y los residentes, acerca de la dimensión ambiental, evidencia insuficiencias cognoscitivas en esta esfera y en su relación con la actividad profesional(AU)


Introduction: Environmental damage is increasing over time; global environmental problems are growing every day, whether due to natural or man-made causes. This brings about the appearance and worsening of various diseases, based on the relationship between environmental problems and health problems. For this reason, physicians must have deep understanding of this relationship, which will allow them to carry out their various functions better, including educational ones. Objective: To assess, in sixth-year medical students and in first-year residents of Family Medicine, their level of knowledge about the environmental dimension. Methods: A knowledge survey was applied, using the Moodle platform, about concepts, factors and problems related to the environment and their links with health problems. The respondents were 32 students in the sixth academic year of the Medicine major, a figure accounting for 35.55 percent of the total enrollment; as well as 29 Family Medicine residents also with the first academic year of their residency completed, which accounted for 55.76 percent of those enrolled. The samples belonging to Manuel Fajardo and Salvador Allende medical schools were randomly selected. Results: The general result of the survey was 21.88 percent of approved respondents for students and 27.59 percent for residents. These coincided with a low percentage of correct answers in different questions; for example, those that explored important concepts such as environment and sustainable development, as well as that of Cuba's environmental problems and their effects, such as the deterioration of the hygienic-sanitary condition (environmental) in human settlements, among others. Conclusions: The level of knowledge shown by students and residents about the environmental dimension shows cognitive deficiencies in this sphere and in its relationship with professional activity(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Saúde Ambiental/educação , Educação em Saúde Ambiental/políticas , Educação Médica , Corpo Clínico Hospitalar/educação , Cuba
3.
Environ Pollut ; 255(Pt 1): 113143, 2019 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31541827

RESUMO

Environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistance (AR) are a growing concern that are gathering more attention as potential sources for human infection. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are extremely dangerous, as carbapenems are often drugs of last resort that are used to treat multi-drug resistant infections. Among the genes capable of conferring carbapenem resistance to bacteria, the most transferrable are those that produce carbapenemase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes carbapenems and other ß-lactam antibiotics. The goal of this review was to comprehensively identify global environmental reservoirs of carbapenemase-producing genes, as well as identify potential routes of transmission to humans. The genes of interest were Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), New Delhi Metallo-ß-lactamase (NDM), Oxacillinase-48-type carbapenemases (OXA-48), and Verona Integron-Mediated Metallo-ß-lactamase (VIM). Carbapenemase genes have been reported in the environment on almost every continent. Hospital and municipal wastewater, drinking water, natural waterways, sediments, recreational waters, companion animals, wildlife, agricultural environments, food animals, and retail food products were identified as current reservoirs of carbapenemase-producing bacteria and genes. Humans have been recorded as carrying CRE, without recent admittance to a hospital or long-term care facility in France, Egypt, and China. CRE infections from the environment have been reported in patients in Montpellier, France and Cairo, Egypt. This review demonstrates the need for 1) comprehensive monitoring of AR not only in waterways, but also other types of environmental matrices, such as aerosol, dusts, periphyton, and surfaces in indoor environments; and 2) action to reduce the prevalence and mitigate the effects of these potentially deadly resistance genes. In order to develop an accurate quantitative model for environmental dimensions of AR, longitudinal sampling and quantification of AR genes and bacteria are needed, using a One Health approach.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Carbapenêmicos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , beta-Lactamases/genética , Enterobacteriaceae/genética , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/transmissão , Genes Bacterianos , Saúde Global , Humanos
4.
Humanidad. med ; 19(1): 160-179, ene.-abr. 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002130

RESUMO

RESUMEN Se fundamenta la concepción teórica general de la educación axiológica en el contexto del sistema de enseñanza de postgrado para la formación de educadores ambientales. Se aplicaron los métodos del nivel teórico analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, histórico-lógico y ascensión de lo abstracto a lo concreto, con la intención de sistematizar información proveniente de la bibliografía consultada y de la experiencia profesional de los autores. Se defiende la idea de considerar la existencia de una dimensión ambiental de valores universales, en lugar de hacer referencia a valores estrictamente ambientales. Se enfatiza en la importancia que, para la educación, adquiere la estimulación de la actividad valorativa del sujeto, a partir de una noción precisa del sistema de virtudes y fortalezas del carácter. Se identifican cinco valores básicos a desarrollar en el educador ambiental (la sensibilidad, la tolerancia, la lealtad solidaria, la responsabilidad, la participación cooperativa y la dignidad), para asegurar, desde el punto de vista axiológico, su desempeño en la preparación de diferentes sectores sociales y consolidar la necesaria contribución de los mismos a la sostenibilidad ecológica.


ABSTRACT In this paper a general theoretical conception of axiological education is systematized in the context of the postgraduate educational system in the training of environmental educators. Methods of the theoretic level (analytical-synthetical, inductive-deductive, historic-logician and ascension from abstractness to concrete) to systematize information obtained from the bibliography and from the vocational experience of the author. The category value is analyzed aimed at using it unilaterally from the environmental perspective and it is concluded that it is much more objective, from the theoretical point of view, to assume the existence of an environmental dimension of universal values ​​rather than of strictly environmental values. It emphasizes on the importance of the stimulation of the person's valuating activity for education, from a precise notion of the system of virtues and character strengths. Five basic values are identified ​​ (sensitivity, tolerance, solidarity loyalty, responsibility, cooperative participation and dignity) to be developed in an environmental educator to ensure, from the axiological point of view, his performance in the preparation of different social sectors to strengthen their necessary contribution to ecological sustainability.

5.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 38(1): e142, Jan.-Mar. 2019. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1093378

RESUMO

Introduction: Universities confront the challenge to train professionals to face different problems, deterioration of the environment is one of them. Universities must promote the environmental training of professionals through the inclusion of the environmental dimension in the teaching process. In the case of health professionals this issue has a greater connotation due to the relationships between environmental problems and health problems. Objective: To propose a strategy on environmental training aimed at the sustainable human development in medical studies. Methods: Literature review on the topic was done and theoretical methods were used. Different definitions and varied structures were contrasted. Results: Structure of the proposed strategy including components and stages was designed. Conclusions: A strategy for environmental training aimed at the sustainable human development to introduce the environmental dimension in the medical studies is proposed(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Educação Médica/métodos , Crescimento Sustentável , Desenvolvimento Humano
6.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 44(4)oct.-dic. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1042986

RESUMO

Introducción: Las organizaciones hospitalarias actuales deben trazarse como objetivo estratégico desarrollar un personal de alta competencia comprometido con la protección medioambiental, debido a la vital importancia de esta temática para lograr la supervivencia de la humanidad. Por tal motivo, las instituciones hospitalarias en Cuba, específicamente los hospitales Lucía Íñiguez Landín, Vlaimir Ilich Lenin y Octavio de la Concepción y la Pedraja, en el municipio de Holguín, presentan la necesidad de mejorar su desempeño ambiental a través de la formación de sus trabajadores, por ser factores claves en el logro del éxito organizacional. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de la integración de la dimensión ambiental en la formación de los recursos humanos en los hospitales en el municipio de Holguín. Métodos: Se emplearon los métodos teóricos histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, sistémico-estructural y métodos estadísticos. Los métodos empíricos fueron encuestas a los trabajadores en los hospitales estudiados, entrevistas a los miembros el departamento de recursos humanos en los hospitales estudiados, observación participante y consulta de documentos para la recopilación de la información. Resultados: Con la aplicación de los métodos señalados en los hospitales Lucía Íñiguez Landín, Vladimir Ilich Lenin y Octavio de la Concepción de la Pedraja del municipio de Holguín, se obtuvo como resultados fundamentales la identificación y evaluación de los riesgos ambientales por puestos de trabajo, las competencias ambientales por cargos asociadas a los componentes, los procedimientos ambientales, la evaluación de la eficacia de la integración según los objetivos de la organización e individuales, así como mejoras en los indicadores de desempeño fundamentales(AU)


Introduction: The current hospital organizations should set a strategic goal to develop a highly competent staff committed to environmental protection, due to the vital importance of this issue to achieve the survival of humanity. Therefore, hospitals in Cuba, specifically Lucía Íñiguez Landín hospital, Vladimir Ilich Lenin hospital and Octavio de la Concepcion y la Pedraja hospital, in Holguin, show the need to improve their environmental performance through training their workers, for being key factors in achieving organizational success. Objective: To assess the efficacy of the integration of the environmental dimension in the training of human resources in these hospitals in the municipality of Holguín. Methods: Theoretical methods were used such as historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, systemic-structural and statistical. The empirical methods were surveys of workers in the hospitals studied, interviews with members, the human resources department in the hospitals studied, participant observation and consultation of documents for collecting information. Results: The study resulted in the identification and evaluation of environmental risks by job posts, environmental competencies by charges associated with the components, environmental procedures, and evaluation of the effectiveness of the integration according to the organization and individual objectives, as well as improvements in the fundamental performance indicators in these hospitals in Holguin(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Monitoramento Ambiental/normas , Hospitais , Educação em Saúde Ambiental , Cuba
7.
Humanidad. med ; 18(2): 210-227, may.-ago. 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-953896

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: La dimensión ambiental constituye un proceso esencial en la formación de profesionales, de modo que en el desempeño de su profesión puedan educar hacia el desarrollo sostenible a las futuras generaciones. Objetivo: Representar en un modelo pedagógico la lógica de la dimensión ambiental en la formación laboral investigativa de los profesionales en la universidad. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y matemáticos-estadísticos. Resultados: Elaboración del modelo pedagógico de dimensión ambiental en la formación laboral investigativa de los profesionales en formación. El modelo está estructurado en tres subsistemas: uno teórico, se centra en la integración de saberes pedagógico ambientales a partir de las relaciones que se establecen entre sus componentes, otro metodológico, el cual resume la proyección ambiental de la formación laboral investigativa y un subsistema procedimental, que manifiesta la instrumentación transformadora ambiental que debe ocurrir en los estudiantes. El modelo aporta una cualidad sinérgica que le imprime identidad, totalidad y contribuye a su autodesarrollo. Conclusiones: Con la elaboración del modelo se revelan nuevas interpretaciones que se manifiestan como relaciones teóricas funcionales surgidas entre los componentes de los subsistemas que lo integran y a la vez, entre los subsistemas como macro componentes. La validación del modelo resultó estadísticamente significativa, mediante la instrumentación de una estrategia pedagógica para la dimensión ambiental en la formación laboral investigativa.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The environmental component is an essential process in the training of professionals, that enables them to educate future generations towards sustainable development. Objective: To represent in a pedagogical model the logic of the environmental dimension in the research training of professionals. Materials and methods: Theoretical, empirical and mathematical-statistical methods were used. Findings: The development of the pedagogical model of environmental dimension in research and labor training of professionals. The model is structured in three subsystems: the first focuses on the integration of environmental pedagogical knowledge from the relationships established between its components; the second is of a methodological character and summarizes the environmental projection of research training; whereas the third one is procedural, expressing the environmental transformative instrumentation that must occur in students. The model provides a synergistic quality that consolidates identity, totality and contributes to its self-development. Conclusions: With the elaboration of the model new interpretations are revealed that are manifested as functional theoretical relations arising between the components of the subsystems that integrate it and at the same time, between the subsystems as macro components. The evaluation of the model was statistically significant, through the instrumentation of a pedagogical strategy for the environmental dimension in the research and labor training.

8.
FEMS Microbiol Ecol ; 94(3)2018 03 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29309580

RESUMO

A roundtable discussion held at the fourth International Symposium on the Environmental Dimension of Antibiotic Resistance (EDAR4) considered key issues concerning the impact on the environment of antibiotic use in agriculture and aquaculture, and emissions from antibiotic manufacturing. The critical control points for reducing emissions of antibiotics from agriculture are antibiotic stewardship and the pre-treatment of manure and sludge to abate antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Antibiotics are sometimes added to fish and shellfish production sites via the feed, representing a direct route of contamination of the aquatic environment. Vaccination reduces the need for antibiotic use in high value (e.g. salmon) production systems. Consumer and regulatory pressure will over time contribute to reducing the emission of very high concentrations of antibiotics from manufacturing. Research priorities include the development of technologies, practices and incentives that will allow effective reduction in antibiotic use, together with evidence-based standards for antibiotic residues in effluents. All relevant stakeholders need to be aware of the threat of antimicrobial resistance and apply best practice in agriculture, aquaculture and pharmaceutical manufacturing in order to mitigate antibiotic resistance development. Research and policy development on antimicrobial resistance mitigation must be cognizant of the varied challenges facing high and low income countries.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Agricultura , Animais , Aquicultura , Indústria Farmacêutica , Humanos
9.
Humanidad. med ; 17(3): 477-496, set.-dic. 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-892616

RESUMO

El presente artículo está dirigido a sistematizar una concepción teórica y metodológica que sustente la formación ambiental en las carreras universitarias cubanas. A partir de la crítica de las fuentes bibliográficas y la observación del proceso formativo en tres carreras, se construye el referido marco teórico. Entre los resultados se destaca el lugar y papel de la formación ambiental en el sistema de la formación integral del profesional. Se caracterizan la integralidad, la complejidad, la funcionabilidad y la espacialidad como rasgos de la dimensión ambiental, lo que le asigna una connotación especial, al interpretarla como mediadora entre las funciones del espacio construido y la forma en la que se gestiona el escenario donde se despliega el intercambio de flujos de energía, materia e información en su interrelación con la estructura social. Se argumentan las funciones formativas de la formación ambiental, que constituyen la exteriorización de las cualidades inherentes a cualquier carrera universitaria, que se manifiestan en el modo de actuación del profesional.


This article is aimed at systematizing a theoretical and methodological conception that forms the basis of environmental education in Cuban college degrees. Starting from the review of bibliographical sources and the observation of the educational process in three degrees, the referable theoretical framework is created. Among results, the place and role of environmental education in the integral professional training system is highlighted. Integrality, complexity, functionality and spatiality are characterized as features of environmental dimension, which give it a special connotation, as it is interpreted as a mediator between the functions of the constructed space and the way it is managed on the stage where the exchange of energy, matter and information flows are used in their interrelation with the social structure. The educational functions of environmental education are argued. They reveal characteristics which are inherent to any college degree and become apparent in a professional's behavior.

10.
Educ. med. super ; 30(4)oct.-dic. 2016. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-67364

RESUMO

Introducción: los efectos negativos de la globalización y el neoliberalismo conducen a que la situación ambiental a nivel global, regional, territorial e incluso local se agrave cada día más, lo que hace necesaria la modificación de la conducta humana en relación con los problemas de la naturaleza, del ser humano y de la sociedad. En el caso de los médicos lo anterior adquiere mayor relevancia dada la relación entre los problemas ambientales y los problemas de salud, por esto es importante introducir la Dimensión Ambiental en los planes de estudio, vinculándola al objeto de trabajo y objetivos de la profesión, tanto desde lo curricular como de lo extracurricular.Objetivos: diseñar un programa de un curso electivo sobre Medio Ambiente y Salud como otra forma de educación ambiental desde lo extracurricular que contribuya a la formación ambiental del médico. Evaluar el nivel de conocimientos de los estudiantes sobre la Dimensión Ambiental al comienzo del curso.Métodos: se diseñó el curso electivo para estudiantes de 4to año de Medicina, con el sistema de tareas y actividades que lo conforman. Se aplicó una prueba diagnóstica inicial a dichos estudiantes.Resultados: la prueba diagnóstica fue desaprobada por el 60 por ciento de los estudiantes obteniéndose estos menos de 21 puntos de un total de 30. El 100 por ciento de los estudiantes aprobaron el curso, alcanzando la máxima calificación el 80 por ciento de ellos.Conclusiones: el curso, desde lo extracurricular puede contribuir al desarrollo de la Educación Ambiental en estudiantes de Medicina(AU)


Introduction: The negative effects of neoliberalism and globalization lead to the environment's global, regional, territorial, and even local situation worsening day by day, which makes necessary the modification of the human conduct regarding the problems of nature, the human being and the society. In the case of physicians, the latter becomes more relevant given the relation between the environmental and health problems; therefore, it is important to present the environmental dimension into the curricula, relating it with the object of work and objectives of the profession, from both the curricular and the extra-curricular approaches.Objective: Design an elective course program about Environment and Health as a way for environmental education, from the extracurricular approach, which contributes to the physician's environmental training. Assess, at the beginning of the course, the students' level of knowledge about the environmental dimension.Methods: The elective course with the system of tasks and activities was designed for four year medical students. These students were applied an initial diagnostic test.Results: 60 percent of the students did not pass the diagnostic test; they obtained less than 21/30 points. 100 percent of the students passed the course; 80 percent of them obtained the highest qualification.Conclusions: The course, from the extra-curricular approach, may contribute to the development of environmental education on medical students(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Meio Ambiente , Educação em Saúde Ambiental , Educação Médica
11.
Educ. med. super ; 30(4): 382-389, oct.-dic. 2016. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-71126

RESUMO

Introducción: los efectos negativos de la globalización y el neoliberalismo conducen a que la situación ambiental a nivel global, regional, territorial e incluso local se agrave cada día más, lo que hace necesaria la modificación de la conducta humana en relación con los problemas de la naturaleza, del ser humano y de la sociedad. En el caso de los médicos lo anterior adquiere mayor relevancia dada la relación entre los problemas ambientales y los problemas de salud, por esto es importante introducir la Dimensión Ambiental en los planes de estudio, vinculándola al objeto de trabajo y objetivos de la profesión, tanto desde lo curricular como de lo extracurricular. Objetivos: diseñar un programa de un curso electivo sobre Medio Ambiente y Salud como otra forma de educación ambiental desde lo extracurricular que contribuya a la formación ambiental del médico. Evaluar el nivel de conocimientos de los estudiantes sobre la Dimensión Ambiental al comienzo del curso. Métodos: se diseñó el curso electivo para estudiantes de 4to año de Medicina, con el sistema de tareas y actividades que lo conforman. Se aplicó una prueba diagnóstica inicial a dichos estudiantes. Resultados: la prueba diagnóstica fue desaprobada por el 60 por ciento de los estudiantes obteniéndose estos menos de 21 puntos de un total de 30. El 100 por ciento de los estudiantes aprobaron el curso, alcanzando la máxima calificación el 80 por ciento de ellos. Conclusiones: el curso, desde lo extracurricular puede contribuir al desarrollo de la Educación Ambiental en estudiantes de Medicina(AU)


Introduction: The negative effects of neoliberalism and globalization lead to the environment's global, regional, territorial, and even local situation worsening day by day, which makes necessary the modification of the human conduct regarding the problems of nature, the human being and the society. In the case of physicians, the latter becomes more relevant given the relation between the environmental and health problems; therefore, it is important to present the environmental dimension into the curricula, relating it with the object of work and objectives of the profession, from both the curricular and the extra-curricular approaches. Objective: Design an elective course program about Environment and Health as a way for environmental education, from the extracurricular approach, which contributes to the physician's environmental training. Assess, at the beginning of the course, the students' level of knowledge about the environmental dimension. Methods: The elective course with the system of tasks and activities was designed for four year medical students. These students were applied an initial diagnostic test. Results: 60 percent of the students did not pass the diagnostic test; they obtained less than 21/30 points. 100 percent of the students passed the course; 80 percent of them obtained the highest qualification. Conclusions: The course, from the extra-curricular approach, may contribute to the development of environmental education on medical students(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Cursos de Capacitação , Meio Ambiente e Saúde Pública , Currículo , Estudantes de Medicina
12.
Educ. med. super ; 30(4): 382-389, oct.-dic. 2016. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-840243

RESUMO

Introducción: los efectos negativos de la globalización y el neoliberalismo conducen a que la situación ambiental a nivel global, regional, territorial e incluso local se agrave cada día más, lo que hace necesaria la modificación de la conducta humana en relación con los problemas de la naturaleza, del ser humano y de la sociedad. En el caso de los médicos lo anterior adquiere mayor relevancia dada la relación entre los problemas ambientales y los problemas de salud, por esto es importante introducir la Dimensión Ambiental en los planes de estudio, vinculándola al objeto de trabajo y objetivos de la profesión, tanto desde lo curricular como de lo extracurricular. Objetivos: diseñar un programa de un curso electivo sobre Medio Ambiente y Salud como otra forma de educación ambiental desde lo extracurricular que contribuya a la formación ambiental del médico. Evaluar el nivel de conocimientos de los estudiantes sobre la Dimensión Ambiental al comienzo del curso. Métodos: se diseñó el curso electivo para estudiantes de 4to año de Medicina, con el sistema de tareas y actividades que lo conforman. Se aplicó una prueba diagnóstica inicial a dichos estudiantes. Resultados: la prueba diagnóstica fue desaprobada por el 60 por ciento de los estudiantes obteniéndose estos menos de 21 puntos de un total de 30. El 100 por ciento de los estudiantes aprobaron el curso, alcanzando la máxima calificación el 80 por ciento de ellos. Conclusiones: el curso, desde lo extracurricular puede contribuir al desarrollo de la Educación Ambiental en estudiantes de Medicina(AU)


Introduction: The negative effects of neoliberalism and globalization lead to the environment's global, regional, territorial, and even local situation worsening day by day, which makes necessary the modification of the human conduct regarding the problems of nature, the human being and the society. In the case of physicians, the latter becomes more relevant given the relation between the environmental and health problems; therefore, it is important to present the environmental dimension into the curricula, relating it with the object of work and objectives of the profession, from both the curricular and the extra-curricular approaches. Objective: Design an elective course program about Environment and Health as a way for environmental education, from the extracurricular approach, which contributes to the physician's environmental training. Assess, at the beginning of the course, the students' level of knowledge about the environmental dimension. Methods: The elective course with the system of tasks and activities was designed for four year medical students. These students were applied an initial diagnostic test. Results: 60 percent of the students did not pass the diagnostic test; they obtained less than 21/30 points. 100 percent of the students passed the course; 80 percent of them obtained the highest qualification. Conclusions: The course, from the extra-curricular approach, may contribute to the development of environmental education on medical students(AU)


Assuntos
Meio Ambiente e Saúde Pública , Currículo , Estudantes de Medicina , Cursos de Capacitação
13.
Rev. luna azul ; (34): 50-65, ene.-jun. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-659383

RESUMO

Con el objetivo de determinar el grado de inclusión de la dimensión ambiental en el quehacer educativo de nivel superior en la ciudad de Manizales, se analizaron los aspectos concernientes a investigación, proyección y formación de profesionales, en las cinco principales universidades de la ciudad, mediante un estudio descriptivo con componente cualitativo y cuantitativo. Se encontró apropiación dispar de las normas relacionadas con investigación y educación ambiental y, pesea que el propósito inicial era elaborar una propuesta para el ámbito local que permitiera incluir la dimensión ambiental en el quehacer universitario, los hallazgos llevaron a realizar una propuesta para el nivel nacional centrada en la modificación de los indicadores y características del proceso de acreditación de alta calidad de los programas.


With the objective of determining the degree of inclusion of the environmental dimension in the educational processes at the Higher Education level in Manizales, aspects related to research, projection and education of professionals were analyzed by means of a descriptive study with qualitative and quantitative components. An uneven appropriation of norms related with research and environmental education was found and, despite the initial purpose was to elaborate a proposal for the local setting which allowed the inclusion of the environmental dimension in the university daily process, the findings permitted to submit a proposal for the national level centered in the modification of indicators and characteristics for programs'; high quality accreditation processes.


Assuntos
Humanos , Educação em Saúde Ambiental , Universidades , Universidades , Educação
14.
Educ. med. super ; 24(4)oct.-dic. 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-584417

RESUMO

La educación ambiental tiene particular importancia en el caso de la formación de médicos dadas las estrechas relaciones entre el deterioro del medio ambiente y las afectaciones de la salud, además por el papel educativo que deben ejercer estos profesionales en la comunidad. El presente trabajo evalúa el grado de conocimientos sobre la Dimensión Ambiental que poseen estudiantes de Medicina, profesores y médicos de familia. Para ello se procedió a aplicar a estos sujetos una encuesta que exploró la información relativa a conceptos, factores y problemas vinculados con el medio ambiente. Pudo evidenciarse un dominio parcial de la problemática ambiental lo que justificaría introducir, con un enfoque sistémico y multidisciplinario la dimensión ambiental en los planes de estudio de estos profesionales a fin de garantizar su adecuada formación en tan importante tema


The environmental education has a peculiar significance in the case of physicians training due to the close relationships between the environment deterioration and the health affections, as well as by the educational role exerted by these health professionals in the community. Present paper to assess the knowledge degree on Environmental Dimension of Medicine students, professor and family physicians. Thus, we applied in these subjects a survey exploring the information related to concepts, factors and problems linked with the environment. It was obvious a partial domain of environmental problem justifying the introduction, with a systemic and multidisciplinary approach, the environmental dimension in study plans for these professionals to guarantee its appropriate training in so important topic


Assuntos
Educação em Saúde Ambiental/métodos , Educação Médica/tendências , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Ecologia Humana , Médicos de Família/educação
15.
Rev. Fac. Nac. Salud Pública ; 26(1): 78-89, ene.-jun. 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-636908

RESUMO

La educación ambiental es pilar fundamental de la generación de cambios de actitud y aptitud y de lograr un equilibrio entre el hombre y su entorno. La educación ambiental requiere del apoyo de casi todas las disciplinas, por lo que la resolución de los problemas ambientales debe contar con la participación activa de un amplio conjunto de personas e instituciones. Este artículo examina la educación ambiental en Colombia apoyándose en el caso de los programas de capacitación, haciendo hincapié en un estudio de caso ocurrido en la ciudad de Medellín, capital del departamento de Antioquia. Los resultados destacan que existe una carencia de conceptualización clara sobre por qué y para qué se hace la educación ambiental, lo que ha llevado a la formulación de objetivos y estrategias demasiado generales dirigidas a la realización de acciones concretas y aisladas. Además, la descoordinación entre instituciones y grupos ha traído como consecuencia la duplicación de esfuerzos y la poca racionalización de los recursos existentes. Se concluye que la educación ambiental en el país es aún ineficiente y debe transitar a niveles superiores, atendiendo a tres perspectivas: ambiental, educativa y pedagógica.


Environmental education is a condition to enable an attitudinal and aptitudinal generation of change, a condition that facilitates the balance between man and his surroundings. Environmental education needs the support of almost every discipline. In order to solve environmental problems, one must count on the active participation of a wide set of people and institutions. This article examines environmental education in Colombia focusing on the case of training programs, making emphasis on a case study that took place in Medellín, capital of the department of Antioquia. Results show there is a lack of clear conceptualization about the reasons and ultimate purposes concerning why environmental education is finally accomplished. That situation has conducted to the formulation of objectives and strategies that are too general to be properly fulfilled, and the implementation of detailed, and isolated actions. Lack of coordination between institutions and groups has resulted in duplicity of functions and efforts, which in turn result in a far from rational use of scarce resources. The conclusion is that environmental education in Colombia is still inefficient and must advance to higher levels, taking into account these three main perspectives: environmental, educative and pedagogic.


Assuntos
Educação em Saúde Ambiental
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