Enzyme-labeled liquid-based cytology (ELLBC): a new noninvasive diagnostic method for bladder cancers.

BACKGROUND: Based on liquid-based cytology, we performed an enzyme histochemical staining using acid phosphatase as a marker and termed it ELLBC. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of ELLBC in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. METHODS: Fifty patients who were initially diagnosed with suspected bladder cancers (hematuria or bladder irritation symptoms, urinary ultrasound suggestive of bladder mass) at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (Anhui, China) from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected as the study subjects, all of whom underwent ELLBC, CC, and histopathology Histopathology was used as the gold standard to calculate the diagnostic efficacy of ELLBC, CC and ELLBC combined with CC in bladder cancer. RESULTS: Histopathological examination revealed 35 positive cases in 50 patients, including 15 cases of high-grade uroepithelial carcinoma (HGUC) and 20 cases of low-grade uroepithelial carcinoma (LGUC.) The sensitivity of ELLBC was 82.86%, the specificity was 93.33%, the positive predictive value (PPV) was 96.67%, the negative predictive value (NPV) was 70.00%, and the accuracy was 86.00%; CC had a sensitivity of 37.14%, specificity of 80.00%, PPV of 81.25%, NPV of 35.29%, and accuracy of 50%; ELLBC combined with CC had a sensitivity of 88.57%, specificity of 73.33%, PPV of 88.57%, NPV of 73.33%, and accuracy of 84.00%. The sensitivity and specificity of ELLBC were higher than that of CC, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05), ELLBC combined with CC achieved higher sensitivity, but the diagnostic accuracy decreased. For clinical staging, the diagnostic accuracy was 86.36% for ELLBC and 40.91% for CC in patients in Stage I, and 90.91% for ELLBC and 36.36% for CC in patients in Stage II. CONCLUSION: ELLBC has high clinical application value for the diagnosis of bladder cancer and can provide new options and methods for the early screening of bladder cancer.

Enzyme histochemical detection of cell viability in ablation area of thyroid nodules at 6 months after microwave ablation / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To explore the cell viability in the ablation area of thyroid nodules at 6 months after microwave ablation by enzyme histochemical staining. Methods Twenty-four ablation areas of thyroid nodules were selected from 20 patients who underwent histopathological assessment of the ablation area by core needle biopsy at 6 months after microwave ablation between Dec. 2017 and Sep. 2018. Core needle biopsy was performed at the central and marginal regions of the ablation area with a cutting biopsy needle. The specimens were obtained and placed in liquid nitrogen to make frozen sections. Enzyme histochemical staining was used to detect the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d), and the difference of cell morphology and histological structure was compared with H-E staining results. Results The specimens of the central and marginal regions of 24 ablation areas were successfully obtained. The histochemical staining of SDH and NADPH-d in the central region of ablation area had good consistency, and the negative rates were both 95.83% (23/24). The histochemical staining of SDH and NADPH-d in the marginal region of ablation area also had good consistency, and the negative rates were both 91.67% (22/24). H-E staining of 23 central regions and 22 marginal regions showed pink amorphous mass of necrosis. H-E staining of 1 central region and 2 marginal regions showed partly necrotic and fibrous tissue hyperplasia. The location of fibrous tissue hyperplasia was consistent with the location of the positive region of enzyme histochemical staining. Conclusion At 6 months after microwave ablation, the tissue in the ablation area of thyroid nodules is consistent with coagulative necrosis, and is still inactivated. SDH or NADPH-d enzyme histochemical staining combined with H-E staining can objectively evaluate the old ablation area.

Experimental Study on Yisheng Injection for Reducing Cold Ischemia Injury in Isolated Rat Heart / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective;To investigate whether the traditional Chinese medicine Yisheng Injection can reduce the injury on isolated rat heart induced by cold ischemia. Methods ;18 isolated female closed colony SD rats were divided into two groups at random. In the control group, the isolated rat hearts were preserved in 0.9% sodium chlorine solution at 4℃ , while in the experimental group ,the hearts were preserved in 0.9% sodium chlorine solution containing Yisheng injection at 4℃. The specimens were harvested 2,6,12, 24,48 and 72 hours after preservation. Histochemical changes were observed in two groups. Results ;In the control group, the activities of alkaline phosphatase ( ALP) and NADPH diaphorase (NADPHD) decreased after cold ischemia for 24 hours. Lactic dehydro-genase (LDH) decreased slightly, while ALP and NADPHD decreased evidently, after cold ischemia for 48 hours. Succinic dehydro-genase ( SDH) and cytochrome oxidase ( CCO) decreased slightly, and NADPHD disappeared after cold ischemia for 72 hours respectively. In the experimental group, NADPHD, LDH and CCO decreased slightly after cold ischemia for 24, 48 and 72 hours. ALP decreased slightly after cold ischemia for 48 hours, however, SDH showed no changes, after cold ischemia for 72 hours. Conclusion : Cold ischemia can induce cold ischemia injury in isolated rat hearts, especially the vascular endothelial cells being more sensitive. Yisheng injection can reduce this kind of injury to some degree.

Experimental study on isolated human testes with ischemia-reperfusion injury / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective:To investigate the injury on isolated cadaver testes induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R).Methods:13 isolated cadaver testes contributed by 13 persons were preserved under 0℃～4℃ hypothermia and then reperfused under 37℃.Histology and histochemical changes were observed.Results:4℃ cold ischemia in 18 hours only could induce trivial swelling and vascular degeneration of endothelial cells(ECs).Obvious pathologic changes occurred after 24 hours,including detachment of ECs,separation between basement membrane and seminiferous epitelium,malalignment of spermatogenous cell and edema of mesenchyme.Injury was worse along with the prolongation of cold preservation time.Changes of LDH and SDH activities were found by histochemical staining.Reperfusion following 6 hours ischemia induced tissue injury and unusual enzyme activity.All changes were more obvious after reperfusion following 12,18,24 or 36 hours of cold ischemia.Conclusion:HCA can preserve testes for 18 hours.Testes can't keep normal histological and histochemical structure beyond 24 hours of preservation under 4℃ hypothermia,and 37℃ reperfusion can make injury worse.

MORPHOLOGICAL AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERITONEAL LYMPHATIC CAPILLARY NETWORKS / 解剖学报

Objective Peritoneal lymphatic features are studied to provide necessary data for understanding transport capabilities of the endothelial and mesothelial cells. Methods Enzyme\|histochemical staining methods were employed to investigate organization of the lymphatic networks and their endothelial ultrastructures in the monkey peritoneum using light,scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Results 5' Nase positive initial lymphatics showed extensive network,obvious valve like structures and numerous blind ends.The calibre of lymphatics with extremely irregular lumen varied greatly from 40 to 120?m.Lymphatic endothelium was usually separated from mesothelium by a small quantity of loose connective tissue,or they directly contacted each other in some areas.No basal lamina occurred between the peritoneum and the lymphatics originating from milky spots in the omentum and mesovarium.Milky spots are oval or round visible bodies aggregated by macrophages and lymphocytes.Both the endothelium of lymphatic lacunae and the mesothelium that forms the peritoneal stomata,represent a strong 5' Nase activity.Abundant microfibrils attached the stomatal edge. Conclusion The distribution and structure of peritoneal initial lymphatics reveal significant regional variations,and lymphatic endothelium has a close morphological and functional relationship with the mesothelium. [