Epizootic process of equine infectious diseases in the Altai Krai / [Processo epizoótico de doenças infecciosas equinas no Krai de Altai]

The urgency of the studied problem is due to the need for epizootic monitoring of equine infectious diseases in the Altai Krai and the lack of basic information on the relative and absolute parameters of changes in the epizootic process, scientific, methodological and practical aspects of the assessment of potential risks. The purpose of the article is to study the epizootic process for each nosological form of equine infectious diseases in the Altai Krai based on statistical information over the period from 1964 to 2017. Epizootic method is a leading method of the study of this problem, which allows the identification and discussion of the association of equine infectious diseases with natural and geographical conditions in the Altai Krai. The article presents data on intensive parameters of the epizootic process of equine infectious diseases and their changes with a description of periodic changes in the Altai Krai. The materials of the article provide veterinary and biology specialists with information on the epizootics of various nosological forms of equine infectious diseases in the Altai Krai.(AU)

A urgência do problema estudado é devida à necessidade de monitoramento epizoótico de doenças infecciosas equinas no Krai de Altai, e a falta de informação básica sobre os parâmetros relativos e absolutos de mudanças no processo epizoótico, e aspectos científicos, metodológicos e práticos da avaliação de potenciais riscos. O propósito do artigo é estudar o processo epizoótico para cada forma nosológica de doenças infecciosas equinas no Krai de Altai, baseado em informação estatística no período de 1964 a 2017. O método epizoótico é o principal método de estudo deste problema, que permite a identificação e discussão da associação entre doenças infecciosas equinas e condições naturais e geográficas do Krai de Altai. Este artigo apresenta dados dos parâmetros intensivos do processo epizoótico de doenças infecciosas bovinas e suas mudanças com uma descrição de mudanças periódicas no Krai de Altai. Os materiais do artigo fornecem informações para especialistas na veterinária e biologia com relação aos epizoóticos de diversas formas nosológicas de doenças infecciosas equinas no Krai de Altai.(AU)

Reasons behind the epidemiological situation of brucellosis in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Brucellosis is endemic in the Republic of Kazakhstan, particularly in agro-pastoral areas. The purpose of this research is to study the epidemiological situation of brucellosis in livestock recorded in the Republic of Kazakhstan, and to identify the reasons why anti-brucellosis measures were not effective. The research was performed on statistical data provided by the Republican Veterinary Laboratory (RVL), the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The analysis touched upon the prevalence of Brucellosis in cattle and small ruminants (sheep and goats) in 13 regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2012-2016. Aside from that, Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems conducted screening assays that involved 11,889 samples of blood and tissues from said animals. The risks of developing Brucellosis were assessed for each particular region. The comparison of studies conducted in 2012-2016 reveals an increase in the prevalence of Brucellosis in cattle in the following regions: West Kazakhstan, Karaganda Region and Pavlodar Region. For small ruminants, growing prevalence was observed in the Kostanay Region, Jambyl Region and Almaty Region. Between 2014 and 2016, the incidence rate had a growing trend, with a high in 2014 and 2015. The lowest prevalence rate during the following years (2012-2016) was in the Mangystau Region. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISE) test applied in the research among other tests provided the best results. The main risk factors involve epidemiology and sanitary measures, which are undertaken in the Republic of Kazakhstan, geography of the region with focuses of infection, and randomness of spread.