RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the agreement between the Tafonius large animal ventilator-integrated volumetric capnography (vCap) software and the Respironics NICO noninvasive cardiac output monitor reference system. ANIMALS: Data were collected from 56 healthy adult horses undergoing general anesthesia. METHODS: Animals were placed under general anesthesia and connected to the Tafonius large animal ventilator circle system. A flow partitioning device with CO2 and flow sensors was utilized to couple the endotracheal tube to the NICO monitor. Tafonius CO2 and flow sensors are incorporated into the Y-piece of the breathing circuit. Arterial blood samples were collected to determine the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) immediately before data collection. The PaCO2 was input into the Tafonius and NICO monitor, and dead space ventilation (%Vd), end-tidal CO2 partial pressure (ETco2), mixed-expired CO2 partial pressure (Peco2), and expired tidal volume (Vt) were calculated over a single breath. Multiple measurements were completed for each patient, with a total of 200 paired data points collected for analysis. Data were assessed for normality, and Bland-Altman analysis was performed. Bias and 95% limits of agreement were calculated. RESULTS: The limits of agreement for %Vd of the ventilator-derived measurements fell within ± 10% of the NICO monitor reference method. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our results indicate that, when compared to the NICO monitor method, the Tafonius-integrated vCap software provides clinically acceptable values of Peco2, Vt, and %Vd in healthy adult horses.
Assuntos
Capnografia , Dióxido de Carbono , Cavalos , Animais , Capnografia/veterinária , Capnografia/métodos , Espaço Morto Respiratório/fisiologia , Volume de Ventilação Pulmonar , Respiração Artificial/veterinária , Ventiladores MecânicosRESUMO
The first part of this report described the commonly observed complications during induction and maintenance of inhalation anesthesia in horses. In the present report, complications which are common during the recovery phase of inhalation anesthesia in this species are analysed. The recovery period is the most critical one during the whole anesthesia procedure, for problems that occurred in the induction and maintenance phases may become evident and recovery quality may be impaired. The main objective of this report is to bring information to veterinarians in order to make them able to recognize and prevent possible problems.
Na primeira parte deste artigo foram apresentadas as complicações associadas às fases de indução e manutenção da anestesia geral inalatória em eqüinos. Na parte II são discutidas as principais alterações verificadas durante a fase de recuperação da anestesia. A recuperação é a fase mais crítica da anestesia, uma vez que neste período os problemas constatados durante a indução e manutenção podem tomar-se evidentes, prejudicando a qualidade da recuperação. O objetivo desta parte final é capacitar o profissional a reconhecer tais alterações, enfatizando a sua prevenção.
RESUMO
The first part of this report described the commonly observed complications during induction and maintenance of inhalation anesthesia in horses. In the present report, complications which are common during the recovery phase of inhalation anesthesia in this species are analysed. The recovery period is the most critical one during the whole anesthesia procedure, for problems that occurred in the induction and maintenance phases may become evident and recovery quality may be impaired. The main objective of this report is to bring information to veterinarians in order to make them able to recognize and prevent possible problems.
Na primeira parte deste artigo foram apresentadas as complicações associadas às fases de indução e manutenção da anestesia geral inalatória em eqüinos. Na parte II são discutidas as principais alterações verificadas durante a fase de recuperação da anestesia. A recuperação é a fase mais crítica da anestesia, uma vez que neste período os problemas constatados durante a indução e manutenção podem tomar-se evidentes, prejudicando a qualidade da recuperação. O objetivo desta parte final é capacitar o profissional a reconhecer tais alterações, enfatizando a sua prevenção.
RESUMO
Anesthetic procedures in horses are a challenge to veterinarians because of the high incidence of anesthetic related problems in this species. The first part of this report describes the most common problems observed during the induction and maintenance phase of general inhalation anesthesia in horses, as well as prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
Devido à elevada incidência de problemas relacionados à anestesia em eqüino, os procedimentos anestesiológicos nessa espécie representam um desafio ao médico veterinário. Na primeira parte deste artigo são apresentado os principais problemas associados às fases de indução e manutenção da anestesia geral inalatória em eqüinos, bem como as medidas de prevenção, diagnótico e tratamento.
RESUMO
Anesthetic procedures in horses are a challenge to veterinarians because of the high incidence of anesthetic related problems in this species. The first part of this report describes the most common problems observed during the induction and maintenance phase of general inhalation anesthesia in horses, as well as prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
Devido à elevada incidência de problemas relacionados à anestesia em eqüino, os procedimentos anestesiológicos nessa espécie representam um desafio ao médico veterinário. Na primeira parte deste artigo são apresentado os principais problemas associados às fases de indução e manutenção da anestesia geral inalatória em eqüinos, bem como as medidas de prevenção, diagnótico e tratamento.