How storytelling through the use of avatars could help Fukushima evacuees express themselves: digital archive for people in the diaspora.

The Memorytalk online platform allows users to upload animated human stories. They may also choose to display related photos/characters and construct scenarios. Memorytalk may thus constitute a useful collaborative format for survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake, especially evacuees from the town of Namie, who are now relocated in different areas across Japan, particularly as they are hesitant to talk about where they are from. This study examined various narrated animations created by Namie high school students within the Memorytalk platform, specifically for the purpose of investigating their storytelling methods based on Erving Goffman's role-distance theory. Memorytalk not only allows avatars that provide users with anonymity when expressing a wide range of memories, it also creates (1) opportunities for face-to-face workshops in the context of computer-mediated communication and (2) the therapeutic benefits of being humorous. In sum, the platform may provide users with a form of role distancing in which people in the diaspora can more freely express themselves and also store valuable local memories.

Comprehensive analysis of social stigma of individuals with substance use disorder in Turkey in the context of Erving Goffman's stigma theory.

Goffman defines stigma as a disgrace and social outcast/disqualification. Individuals with substance disorder are exposed to stigma at certain periods of their lives. Stigma particularly affects their thoughts, behaviors, and treatment processes, as well as their social life and identity perception. This paper examines the effects of social stigma experienced by individuals with substance disorder in Turkey and its reflections on social life in terms of Goffman's stigmatization theory. In this regard, studies examining the social stigmatization of individuals with addictions and social perceptions and attributes toward these individuals in Turkey were analyzed. This analysis suggests that socio-demographic and cultural factors play a significant role in stigmatization, that society has negative perception and representations toward addicts, that stigmatized addicts are likely to avoid interactions with "normals" and are often stigmatized by the media, colleagues, and health professionals, and that stigma develops/creates "an addicted identity.". This paper suggests the need for robust social policies that would aim to minimize stigmatizing attitudes and misconceptions toward individuals with addiction, ensure access to effective treatment, fulfill their social functioning, and integrate them into society should be implemented.

Be prepared and do the best you can: a focus group study with staff on the care environment at Swedish secure youth homes.

PURPOSE: This study examined staff members' experiences of the institutional care environment within secure youth homes. METHODS: Data were collected through three focus group discussions with 17 staff members at two secure youth homes. Subsequently, a thematic analysis was conducted. RESULTS: The analysis indicated two main themes: risk management and damage control in a restricted environment and compensating and reconstructing ordinariness-trying to make the best of it; each theme had three subthemes. The care environment seems to be experienced by staff as characterized by conflicting demands, thus constituting a gap between needs and what is possible to achieve-a balancing act that constitutes a constant struggle. CONCLUSIONS: The staff members' constant struggle could be interpreted as conflicting moral and instrumental demands; they know what the youths need, but the environment of the secure youth homes demands the decorous behaviour of sociomaterial control practices-rather than care practices.

Validity of Erving Goffman's ideas in the work of the psychiatric interment ward from a general hospital / Vigencia de las ideas de Erving Goffman en el trabajo de la sala de internación psiquiátrica de un hospital general.

Several authors have taken up the challenge of demonstrating the influence of the social environment on mental health and questioning the hegemonic, individual and organicist psychiatric gaze, with the intention of constructing critical models of professional practice in which the subject is prime. This work proposes to study, on the one hand, the fundamental concepts of the sociologist Erving Goffman and, on the other, in the light of them, to expose the current operation of a psychiatric inpatient ward in a general hospital.

Varios autores han tomado el desafío de demostrar la influencia del medio social en la salud mental para cuestionar la mirada psiquiátrica hegemónica, individual y organicista, con la intención de construir modelos críticos de práctica profesional centrados en el sujeto. Este trabajo propone estudiar por un lado, los conceptos fundamentales del sociólogo Erving Goffman y por el otro a la luz de los mismos, exponer el funcionamiento actual de una sala de internación psiquiátrica en un hospital general.

Para todas as Anas: modos de contar sobre a profanação do Eu / To all Anas: ways of talking about the profanation of the Self / Para todas las Anas: modos de contar sobre la profanación del Yo

Trata-se de uma estratégia de ensino construída e utilizada como disparador para a temática sobre Instituições Totais e o hospital psiquiátrico como dispositivo de segregação e degradação da identidade dos internos. Por meio do registro etnográfico e das transformações políticas e paradigmáticas de cuidado em Saúde Mental, foi conformada uma crônica que destaca os principais conceitos do Interacionismo Simbólico de Erving Goffman. O texto convida os leitores a percorrer as várias camadas que acionam as engrenagens da instituição e produzem a carreira moral do doente mental e dos trabalhadores que ali atuam. Processos em que a mortificação e a profanação do Eu são recobertos por um saber oficial que controla, pune e reage diante de qualquer ameaça de desestabilização do aparato manicomial. (AU)

This article discusses a teaching strategy developed as a trigger for the theme of total institutions and psychiatric hospitals as devices for segregating and degrading the identity of inpatients. Based on an ethnographic record and political and paradigmatic shifts in mental health care, we created a chronicle highlighting the main concepts of Erving Goffman's symbolic interactionism. This text invites readers to traverse the various layers that drive the institution's cogs and wheels and produce the moral career of the mentally ill and staff who work there. Processes in which the mortification and profanation of the Self are shrouded by an official knowledge that controls, punishes and reacts to anything that threatens the asylum apparatus with destabilization. (AU)

Se trata de una estrategia de enseñanza construida y utilizada como gatillo para la temática sobre Instituciones Totales y el hospital psiquiátrico como dispositivo de segregación y degradación de la identidad de los internos. A partir del registro etnográfico y de las transformaciones políticas y paradigmáticas de cuidado en salud mental, se formó una crónica que destaca los principales conceptos del Interaccionismo Simbólico de Erving Goffman. El texto invita a los lectores a recorrer las diversas capas que ponen en acción los engranajes de la institución y producen la carrera moral del enfermo mental y de los trabajadores que allí actúan. Procesos en que la mortificación y profanación del Yo están recubiertos por un saber oficial que controla, castiga y reacciona ante cualquier amenaza de desestabilización del aparato de manicomios. (AU)

The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life: biografia de um livro / The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life: biography of a book

Resumo Na marca dos 60 anos de sua publicação, este artigo reconstrói a biografia do livro The presentation of self in everyday life , de Erving Goffman, de 1959. Utiliza-se, de forma adaptada, a perspectiva de Robert Darnton, original e revisitada pelo autor em seus estudos sobre a história dos livros. Além desse referencial, o artigo faz uso de textos originais de Goffman, da tradução brasileira, de estudos bibliográficos, artigos críticos, resenhas, coletâneas, e de entrevistas e informações que fazem parte do Erving Goffman Archives. Na análise da obra, procura-se acompanhar a trajetória do autor, enfatizando a importância e o impacto do texto, com dados quantitativos e qualitativos, cuja importância estende-se além da academia.

Abstract Sixty years after Erving Goffman's book The Presentation of Self In Everyday Life was published (1959), this article reconstructs its biography by adapting the perspective of Robert Darnton (the original, as well as the revisited one on the history of books). Original texts by Goffman in Brazilian translations are used, along with bibliographical studies, critical articles, reviews, collections, and interviews and information that are part of the Erving Goffman Archives. The goal is to follow this author's trajectory, emphasizing the importance and impact of his text, with quantitative and qualitative data that extend beyond academia in terms of importance.

Espacios emocionales y medicina en el siglo xix. Una ontología histórica de las pasiones / Emotional spaces and 19th century medicine. A historical ontology of passions

Las nuevas concepciones en la comprensión de las emociones desarrolladas en las dos primeras décadas del siglo XXI posibilitan el desarrollo de nuevos programas de investigación en humanidades y ciencias sociales que tengan en cuenta los elementos de la cultura material y el entorno social en la constitución de la experiencia emocional. Desde este punto de partida, en el presente artículo se realiza, empleando las herramientas de la ontología histórica, el análisis de uno de los hospitales para enfermos incurables, crónicos y ancianos situados en Madrid en el siglo XIX, caracterizándolo como un espacio emocional, es decir: aquellos en los que la gestión de las emociones es la principal práctica médica. Para ello analizaremos las propuestas teóricas desarrolladas por Durand-Fardel y Charcot acerca del tratamiento de este tipo de afecciones. Emplearemos los conceptos de marco y espacio enmarcado, de Erving Goffman, como herramienta explicativa que nos permita comprender la tarea de estructuración de la experiencia emocional puesta en práctica, lo que nos permitirá definir herramientas conceptuales que favorezcan la reinterpretación de las fuentes disponibles desde una nueva perspectiva.(AU)

A new understanding of emotions has been developed in the first two decades of the 21st century that make it possible to develop new research programs in the humanities and social sciences that take into account the role played by material culture and social environment in the constitution of emotional experiences. From this starting point, this article analyses a 19th century hospital for incurable, chronic and elderly patients based in Madrid, characterizing it as an emotional space, that is: one in which managing emotions was the main medical practice. For this, we will analyse the theoretical proposals developed by Durand-Fardel and Charcot regarding these conditions. We will use the concepts of frame and framed space, by Erving Goffman, as an explanatory tool that will allow us to understand medical practice structured the emotional experience of the inmates. We will define conceptual tools that will help us to analyse available sources from a new perspective, that of historical ontology.(AU)

The Unfinished Business of Erving Goffman: From Marginalization Up Towards the Elusive Center of American Sociology.

Erving Goffman's written legacy bears on sociology as a whole, or so he argued in his Presidential Address to the American Sociological Association (Goffman, 1983). However, while being celebrated as important to the discipline, his work is also interpreted in inconsistent ways, often downplayed or marginalized, and even neglected. This paper claims that Goffman's "well known aversion to self-disclosure" (Shalin, 2013) does not justify overlooking his trajectory, from the unknown "margins" of a Canadian small town to the elusive "center" of American sociology-and much less does it justify still circulating assessments of his personality, crafted while overlooking his life experiences-and, especially, his writings. Anecdotal evidence of his "enigmatic" personality (Lemert, 2003), or "bad-boy outrageousness" (Berger, 1986), works as a derailing tactic, leading to unwarranted appraisals of Goffman's personality-and, more importantly, to the neglect of crucial aspects of his work. From a theoretical standpoint, Simmel's treatment of "the stranger" as a social relationship, and Merton's concept of "moral alchemy", are used here to try to make some sense of the mixture of celebration and neglect still surrounding "Goffman". Historical data was gathered in part from the "Erving Goffman Archives'' (Shalin, 2013).

Alibis for Adult Play: A Goffmanian Account of Escaping Embarrassment in Adult Play.

The social meanings of play sit at odds with norms of responsible and productive adult conduct. To be "caught" playing as an adult therefore risks embarrassment. Still, many designers want to create enjoyable, nonembarrassing play experiences for adults. To address this need, this article reads instances of spontaneous adult play through the lens of Erving Goffman's theory of the interaction order to unpack conditions and strategies for nonembarrassing adult play. It identifies established frames, segregated audiences, scripts supporting smooth performance, managing audience awareness, role distancing, and, particularly, alibis for play: Adults routinely provide alternative, adult-appropriate motives to account for their play, such as child care, professional duties, creative expression, or health. Once legitimized, the norms and rules of play themselves then provide an alibi for behavior that would risk being embarrassing outside play.

Concepts, Diagnosis and the History of Medicine: Historicising Ian Hacking and Munchausen Syndrome.

Concepts used by historians are as historical as the diagnoses or categories that are studied. The example of Munchausen syndrome (deceptive presentation of illness in order to adopt the 'sick role') is used to explore this. Like most psychiatric diagnoses, Munchausen syndrome is not thought applicable across time by social historians of medicine. It is historically specific, drawing upon twentieth-century anthropology and sociology to explain motivation through desire for the 'sick role'. Ian Hacking's concepts of 'making up people' and 'looping effects' are regularly utilised outside of the context in which they are formed. However, this context is precisely the same anthropological and sociological insight used to explain Munchausen syndrome. It remains correct to resist the projection of Munchausen syndrome into the past. However, it seems inconsistent to use Hacking's concepts to describe identity formation before the twentieth century as they are given meaning by an identical context.

A apresentação do eu na sociabilidade virtual: a economia libidinal da amizade / The presentation of self in the virtual sociability: the libidinal economy of the friendship

Redes sociais e mundos virtuais popularizaram-se como formas de interação em quase todo o mundo a partir do início do século XXI. A despeito da ausência do corpo físico e do conjunto de expressões faciais nas interações virtuais, resta a face - no sentido atribuído por Erving Goffman - a ser preservada e o mecanismo de renovação de desejos tão inerente à lógica da sociedade de consumo quanto necessária para sua reprodução.

Something that is unequivocally remarkable at the 21st century is the popularization of the social networks and virtual worlds as new modes of social interaction. Despite the lack of the physical body and the whole of facial expressions in the virtual interactions, there is still the face, in Goffman's sense, to be preserved and manipulated. To be well-regarded and expand the number of friends or "followers", the individual must exhibit the "right" symbols. As he finds a demand of always being in track with a changing social imaginary which informs the symbols for new presentations of the self, we are able to recognize the same mechanism of renewing desires inherent to the consumption logic and necessary to its reproduction.

A apresentação do eu na sociabilidade virtual: a economia libidinal da amizade / The presentation of self in the virtual sociability: the libidinal economy of the friendship

Redes sociais e mundos virtuais popularizaram-se como formas de interação em quase todo o mundo a partir do início do século XXI. A despeito da ausência do corpo físico e do conjunto de expressões faciais nas interações virtuais, resta a face - no sentido atribuído por Erving Goffman - a ser preservada e o mecanismo de renovação de desejos tão inerente à lógica da sociedade de consumo quanto necessária para sua reprodução.(AU)

Something that is unequivocally remarkable at the 21st century is the popularization of the social networks and virtual worlds as new modes of social interaction. Despite the lack of the physical body and the whole of facial expressions in the virtual interactions, there is still the face, in Goffman's sense, to be preserved and manipulated. To be well-regarded and expand the number of friends or "followers", the individual must exhibit the "right" symbols. As he finds a demand of always being in track with a changing social imaginary which informs the symbols for new presentations of the self, we are able to recognize the same mechanism of renewing desires inherent to the consumption logic and necessary to its reproduction.(AU)

Bourdieu e Goffman: um ensaio sobre os pontos comuns e as fissuras que unem e separam ambos os autores a partir da perspectiva do primeiro / Bourdieu and Goffman: an essay on the common points and differences between both authors according to Bourdieu’s perspective

Neste trabalho, tenho como principal objetivo discutir dois modelos teóricos que buscam analisar a dimensão fenomênica do ser: a ação. Mais especificamente, proponho uma reflexão acerca dos pontos comuns e das fissuras que unem e separam a teoria da ação de Erving Goffman daquela proposta por Pierre Bourdieu. Para tanto, apoiei-me, sobretudo, nos comentários e críticas deste último ao primeiro, estruturando o trabalho em duas partes. Num primeiro momento, procurei descrever e analisar as principais críticas que os dois autores fazem ao modelo objetivista de análise da ação. Num segundo momento, procurei descrever e analisar as principais críticas que Bourdieu faz ao modelo subjetivista goffmaniano, indicando os interstícios epistemológicos, ontológicos e metodológicos que o afasta dele.

In this work, my main purpose is to discuss two theoretical models that analyze the phenomenical dimension of human being: the action. More specifically, I suggest a reflection on the common points and the differences which bond and separate Pierre Bourdieu’s action theory and the one proposed by Erving Goffman. To achieve this purpose, I based this essay on Bourdieu´s commentaries and critiques on Goffman´s theory, and I divided this paper in two parts. In the fist one, I described and analyzed the main criticisms both authors make about the action’s analyze objectivist model. In the second part, I described and analyzed the main criticisms Bourdieu makes about Goffman’s subjectivist model, pointing their epistemological, ontological and methodological differences.

Goffman: contribuições para a Sociologia da Saúde / Goffman: contributions to health sociology

Com uma obra que trouxe inegáveis contribuições, Goffman inovou a pesquisa etnográfica nos estudos socioantropológicos. Esta marca pode ser observada desde os seus primeiros trabalhos nos quais aborda a apresentação do self na vida diária, os manicômios, o estigma e são, por sinal, aqueles que mais referências receberam nos estudos sociais sobre a doença, instituições e práticas de saúde. Neste artigo são analisadas essas contribuições e a importância que tiveram para a construção da sociologia da saúde. O texto destaca alguns conceitos que se tornaram fundamentais para os estudos sociológicos da doença e do paciente, como carreira do paciente, instituição total, interação estratégica e organizações formais instrumentais.

Author of a work with undeniable contributions, Goffman brought innovation to ethnographic research in socio-anthropological studies. This characteristic may be already observed in his first works - where he approaches the presentation of 'self' in daily life, asylums, and stigma -, which are those more cited in social studies about the disease, institutions and health practices. This study analyzes these contributions and their importance for the development of the field of health sociology. The text highlights some concepts considered fundamental for sociological studies on the disease and the patient, such as the patient's career, the whole institution, the strategic interaction, and instrumental formal organizations.