Repercusión psicológica y social de los padres y madres de niños con dificultades de alimentación / Psychological and social impact on parents of children with feeding difficulties

Objetivos: La prevalencia de niños con dificultades en la alimentación (NDA) o malos comedores es alta en nuestro medio, si consideramos la opinión de los padres. Aunque en la mayoría no observamos enfermedad orgánica o repercusión nutricional, es frecuente que este problema repercuta en la dinámica familiar. Nos proponemos estimar su impacto en el estrés, la calidad de vida y el estado de salud psicológica familiar.Métodos: Estudio de casos (NDA) y controles (controles sanos y controles con trastornos digestivos o controles enfermos). Se evaluó el estrés parental y el riesgo de afectación psicológica en estas familias, mediante escalas validadas (Parent Stress Index Short Form y General Health Questionnaire de Goldberg) y una encuesta de opinión a los padres. Resultados: Se recogieron un total de 238 encuestas: 102 correspondientes a controles sanos, 88 con trastornos digestivos y 48 de NDA. El 45,8% de los padres de NDA se consideraban desatendidos por su pediatra y el 47,9% no estaban de acuerdo con sus recomendaciones. El 54,2% de ellos encuentra limitaciones en su vida social, el 25% problemas de pareja, el 47,9% se sienten juzgados por los demás (12,5% por sus propias parejas) sobre cómo manejan la alimentación de su hijo y un 37,5% habían solicitado o considerado ayuda psicológica. Todos estos problemas fueron significativamente más frecuentes que en los controles. Padres y madres de los NDA presentaron con mayor frecuencia riesgo de ansiedad/depresión según el General Health Questionnaire de Goldberg: un 54,2% según valores de referencia (odds ratios ajustadas frente a controles sanos 4,18; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 1,96 a 8,87; frente a controles enfermos odds ratio 6,25; IC95% 2,79 a 13,98) y un 33,3% según los valores de nuestros controles sanos. Asimismo, presentaron mayores puntuaciones de estrés (Parent Stress Index Short Form) que los controles sanos (diferencia de medias ajustada 21; IC95% 12,19 a 29,81) y controles enfermos (AU)

Objectives: The prevalence of feeding disorders (FDs) and picky eating in children is high in our region, based on the parents’ perceptions. Although organic disease or a nutritional impact is rarely observed in these children, the problem frequently has an effect on family dynamics. We aimed to estimate the impact of these disorders on the stress level, quality of life and psychological health of families. Methods: Study of cases (FDs) and controls (healthy controls and controls with digestive disorders or sick controls). We assessed parental stress and the risk of psychological distress in these families using validated scales (Parent Stress Index Short Form and Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire) and a parental opinion survey. Results: We collected a total of 238 surveys, 102 corresponding to healthy controls, 88 to controls with digestive disorders and 48 to children with FDs. We found that 45.8% of parents in the FD group felt neglected by their paediatricians and 47.9% did not agree with the paediatrician's recommendations. In addition, 54.2% reported limitations to their social life, 25% problems in their relationship, 47.9% feeling judged by others (12.5% by their own partner) for how they managed mealtimes, and 37.5% having sought or considered seeking psychological support. All these problems were significantly more frequent compared to controls. Based on the Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire, the risk of anxiety and depression was more frequent in parents in the FD group: 54.2% compared to the reference (adjusted odds ratio compared to controls, 4.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.96-8.87; odds ratio compared to sick controls, 6.25; 95% CI, 2.79-13.98) and 33.3% compared to the healthy control group. They also had higher stress scores (Parent Stress Index Short Form) compared to the healthy control group (adjusted mean difference, 21; 95% CI, 12.19-29.81) and the sick control group (adjusted mean difference, 20; 95% CI, 9.81-30.19).

Psychological and social impact on parents of children with feeding difficulties.

OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of feeding disorders (FDs) and picky eating in children is high in our region, based on the parents' perceptions. Although organic disease or a nutritional impact is rarely observed in these children, the problem frequently has an effect on family dynamics. We aimed to estimate the impact of these disorders on the stress level, quality of life and psychological health of families. METHODS: Study of cases (FDs) and controls (healthy controls and controls with digestive disorders or other illness). We assessed parental stress and the risk of psychological distress in these families using validated scales (Parent Stress Index Short Form [PSI-SF] and Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire [GHQ-28]) and a parental opinion survey. RESULTS: We collected a total of 238 surveys, 102 corresponding to healthy controls, 88 to controls with digestive disorders and 48 to children with FDs. We found that 45.8% of parents in the FD group felt neglected by their paediatricians and 47.9% did not agree with the paediatrician's recommendations. In addition, 54.2% reported limitations to their social life, 25% problems in their relationship, 47.9% feeling judged by others (12.5% by their own partner) for how they managed mealtimes, and 37.5% having sought or considered seeking psychological support. All these problems were significantly more frequent compared to controls. Based on the GHQ-28, the risk of anxiety and depression was more frequent in parents in the FD group: 54.2% compared to the reference (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] compared to controls, 4.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.96-8.87; OR compared to sick controls, 6.25; 95% CI, 2.79-13.98) and 33.3% compared to the healthy control group. They also had higher stress scores (PSI-SF) compared to the healthy control group (adjusted mean difference [AMD], 21; 95% CI, 12.19-29.81) and the sick control group (AMD, 20; 95% CI, 9.81-30.19). CONCLUSIONS: Parents of children with FDs have a high level of stress and risk of anxiety and depression, with repercussions at the social, family, couple and work levels. The relationship with the paediatrician may also be affected.

Examination of military personnel’s changed psychological statesduring long-term deployment in a war zone

Una de las formas más eficaces para prevenir las consecuencias negativas del despliegue en la zona militar para la salud mental de los militares es diagnosticar su estado psicológico. En el presente estudio se determinan las particularidades de los cambios en el estado psicológico de los militares (n = 192) durante el despliegue de seis meses en la zona militar en el este de Ucrania. Los resultados obtenidos confirmaron ambas hipótesis formuladas: en cuanto a la posibilidad de determinar, sobre la base del diagnóstico del estado psicológico, el plazo recomendado para el despliegue de los militares en la línea de demarcación en el este de Ucrania, que es de tres meses. Así como también sobre las posibles diferencias significativas en la dinámica del estado psicológico de los militares que tienen y no tienen experiencia en el despliegue. Asimismo, se argumenta la necesidad de monitorear el estado psicológico de los militares durante el despliegue con el propósito de prevenir oportunamente las consecuencias negativas para su salud mental y para la ejecución exitosa de las tareas de la subunidad militar.(AU)

Examining military personnel’s psychological states is an effec-tive way to prevent negative mental health consequences during their de-ployment in a war zone. The present study identifies changes in the psy-chological states of military personnel (n=192) during a 6-month deploy-ment in a war zone in eastern Ukraine. The results confirmed both of our proposed hypotheses. First, with regard to time limits on military person-nel’s deployment on the front lines in eastern Ukraine on the basis of ex-amined psychological states, the estimated recommended deployment du-ration was three months. Second, we found significant differences in the dynamics of the psychological states of service members with versus with-out previous deployment experience. The results also substantiate that mil-itary personnel’s psychological states should be monitored during deploy-ment in order to prevent negative mental health consequences and to en-sure that military units successfully accomplish their tasks.(AU)

Estado psicológico de pacientes seleccionados para trasplante renal / Psychological state of patients selected for renal transplant

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo de 35 pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica, con condiciones para ser expuestos a un trasplante renal, atendidos en el Servicio de Hemodiálisis del Hospital General Docente Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero hasta marzo de 2014, con vistas a evaluar las alteraciones psicológicas que presentaban por esta causa. Entre los resultados principales predominaron los hombres de 36-45 años, los graduados de preuniversitario sin vínculo laboral, el coeficiente intelectual término medio, así como el miedo fóbico y los síntomas psicosomáticos; así mismo, 54,0 por ciento de los afectados conocían medianamente su situación de salud. Con la labor realizada por el personal médico, solo se logró la incorporación al programa de trasplante renal de 5 pacientes en hemodiálisis que se negaban anteriormente y 2 de la consulta de prediálisis, lo cual demostró la falta de información e intercambio con el enfermo y su familia

A descriptive study of 35 patients with chronic renal disease, with conditions to be exposed to a renal transplant was carried out. They were assisted in the Hemodialysis Service of Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January to March, 2014, aimed at evaluating the psychological disorders that presented due to this cause. Among the main results men aged 36-45 years, those graduated from high school without job, mean term intellectual coefficient, as well as the phobic fear and the psychosomatic symptoms prevailed; likewise, 54.0 percentof the affected patients had scarce knowledge on their health situation. With the work carried out by the medical staff, it was only achieved the incorporation of 5 patients in hemodialysis to the renal transplant program that refused it previously and 2 from the predialysis service, which demonstrated the lack of information and exchange with the patient and his family

Estado psicológico de pacientes seleccionados para trasplante renal / Psychological state of patients selected for renal transplant

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo de 35 pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica, con condiciones para ser expuestos a un trasplante renal, atendidos en el Servicio de Hemodiálisis del Hospital General Docente Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero hasta marzo de 2014, con vistas a evaluar las alteraciones psicológicas que presentaban por esta causa. Entre los resultados principales predominaron los hombres de 36-45 años, los graduados de preuniversitario sin vínculo laboral, el coeficiente intelectual término medio, así como el miedo fóbico y los síntomas psicosomáticos; así mismo, 54,0 por ciento de los afectados conocían medianamente su situación de salud. Con la labor realizada por el personal médico, solo se logró la incorporación al programa de trasplante renal de 5 pacientes en hemodiálisis que se negaban anteriormente y 2 de la consulta de prediálisis, lo cual demostró la falta de información e intercambio con el enfermo y su familia(AU)

A descriptive study of 35 patients with chronic renal disease, with conditions to be exposed to a renal transplant was carried out. They were assisted in the Hemodialysis Service of Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January to March, 2014, aimed at evaluating the psychological disorders that presented due to this cause. Among the main results men aged 36-45 years, those graduated from high school without job, mean term intellectual coefficient, as well as the phobic fear and the psychosomatic symptoms prevailed; likewise, 54.0 percent of the affected patients had scarce knowledge on their health situation. With the work carried out by the medical staff, it was only achieved the incorporation of 5 patients in hemodialysis to the renal transplant program that refused it previously and 2 from the predialysis service, which demonstrated the lack of information and exchange with the patient and his family(AU)

[Assessment of psychological conditions for the use of firearms in law enforcement]. / Evaluación de las condiciones psicológicas para el uso del arma de fuego en los cuerpos de seguridad.

To handle firearms safely, an individual needs to be in sound psychological conditions. This point is especially relevant in law enforcement, given that this group is likely to experience situations where there is a reasonably severe risk to life, physical integrity and that of third parties. These conditions cause high levels of stress and become a significant source of psychological strain. The assessment of these psychological conditions in law enforcement must stay ahead of this strain and should act preventively, establishing surveillance that is the product of a consensus between the needs of professionals and organizations. This evaluation should be conducted by technical specialists who understand and know the occupational reality of these professionals. A good assessment methodology starts with the need to discover the basic areas that need exploring, the ideal procedure for assessing these issues and the criteria that determine the aptitude (or lack thereof) for handling firearms. Once these goals have been established, we can be assured that the assessment will follow a set of principles that will give it homogeneity, effectiveness and efficiency. This type of assessment will help accomplish the mission that these security professionals are entrusted to by law, which is to protect the free exercise of rights and freedoms and ensure citizen safety.

Avaliação dos estados de humor dos atletas paraolímpicos brasileiros do futebol de cinco / Assessment of mood states of brazilian paralympians football five

Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar o estado de humor dos atletas com deficiência visual do Futebol de cinco. Participaram desta pesquisa 16 atletas, sendo 13 atletas com deficiência visual e 3 videntes (goleiros), pré-convocados peloComitê Paraolímpico Brasileiro para participar das Paraolimpíadas de Pequim. Para a avaliação dos estados de humor foi utilizado o intrumento Profile Mood States (POMS). Observou-se distúrbios em todos os atletas com visão normal, sendo dois no nível de tensão e um no nível de vigor. Nos atletas com deficiência visual apenas 38,5%apresentou alterações nos estados de humor. Os atletas com melhores índices no Estado de Humor foram selecionados para representar o Brasil nas Paraolimpíadas de Pequim. .

The aim of this study was to characterize the mood of visually impaired athletes in soccer five. 16 athletes participated in this study, 13 athletes with visual impairment and three seers (goalkeepers), pre-selected by the Brazilian ParalympicCommittee to attend the Paralympics in Beijing. For the evaluation of mood states the Profile Mood States (POMS) was used. Disorders was observed in all athletes with normal vision, two with voltage level and one with a force level. In visually impaired athletes only 38.5% showed changes in mood states. Athletes with better mood statewere selected to represent Brazil at the Paralympics in Beijing.