[The therapeutic purpose of plastic surgery]. / La finalité thérapeutique en chirurgie plastique.

The acts of plastic surgery consist in providing care to patients and pursue a therapeutic purpose. They benefit from VAT exemption in accordance with European legislation. They appear in the Common Classification of Medical Acts as therapeutic acts, whether or not they are covered by health insurance. To assist the plastic surgeon during the consultation in his role as a medico-surgical expert, we propose a global assessment scale for physical disgraces. This scale specifies the importance of disharmony, its etiology, and considers the patient in his entirety, both biologically and psychosocially. All repercussions are analyzed: physiopathological impact, pain, functional impact on daily life activities, pleasure and sexual activities, psychological, social, and professional impact. Each item is independently rated. Depending on the overall score obtained, the therapeutic nature of the act can be confirmed. The proposed scale is a simple tool that easily and seriously supports the therapeutic nature of our acts. It ensures argued expertise, a reliable and indisputable synthesis. We are, above all, doctors, caregivers, contributing to health as defined by the WHO: "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being." We alone are able to judge the therapeutic nature of a service, in agreement with our patients.

[The grafted frontalis muscle flap: A simple and efficient lining for aesthetic reconstruction of full thickness nasal sidewall defects]. / Le lambeau du muscle frontal greffé : une technique de doublure simple et efficace dans les rhinopoïèses esthétiques transfixiantes de la face latérale du nez.

The reconstruction of thin and well-vascularized lining is capital for the aesthetic reconstruction of full thickness nasal defects. The mucosal flaps allow such reconstruction, but their dissections are difficult and not always possible, particularly for large defects of the nasal sidewall unit. The grafted frontalis muscle flap allows easily such lining reconstruction. This technique includes 3 stages, all done under local anaesthesia: 1st stage: a vertical paramedian forehead flap is classically raised and it's undersurface is full thickness skin grafted, it is then repositioned on it's site for 4 weeks; 2nd stage: this flap is raised again and split at the level of fat, just superficial to the muscle, in two flaps: the full thickness skin grafted frontalis muscle flap for the lining; and the forehead flap, without it's frontalis muscle, for the skin coverage; a sculpted cartilaginous graft is inserted between these two flaps and sutured to the lining with the aim of obtaining a symmetrical nasal sidewall and the necessary rigidity to avoid the heminasal collapse during inspiration; 3rd stage: 4 weeks after the second stage, the pedicles of these two flaps are severed. No vascular problems and no infections were seen with this technique in 11 patients operated on for evolved basal cell carcinoma of the nasal sidewall since 2018. The aesthetic results were always very satisfactory without any discomfort during breathing.

[Long-term results of plantar skin grafts versus skin grafts of hairy areas for covering loss of skin substances on the palmar surface of the fingers, palm of the hand and sole of the foot in patients with black skin. Prospective cohort study of 123 total skin grafts]. / Résultats à long terme des greffes de peau plantaire versus greffes de peau des zones velues pour la couverture des pertes de substances cutanées de la face palmaire des doigts, de la paume de main et de la plante du pied chez les patients à peau noire. Étude de cohorte prospective de 123 greffes de peau totale.

CONTEXT: Despite the use of total skin grafting in the treatment of loss of skin substances on the palmar surface of the fingers, the palm of the hand and the sole of the foot, the data published in the literature on long-term results in black-skinned patients are non-existent. METHODS: The present study, filling this gap, used data from a prospective cohort of 123 total skin grafts performed on 93 black African patients who benefited from plantar skin grafts versus skin grafts from hairy areas to cover loss of skin substances. of the palmar surface of the fingers, the palm of the hand and the sole of the foot. This study covers a period of 163 months. RESULTS: Sixty-four grafts of hairy areas were carried out in 52 patients, 29 of whom were male and 23 female, for a M/F sex ratio of 1.3; and 59 plantar skin grafts in 41 patients including 21 males and 20 females, M/F sex ratio of 1. The digital palmar surface was the most recipient of the plantar graft, i.e. 35.5% of cases. After a post-operative follow-up of at least 12 months, patients or their entourage judged the functional and aesthetic results of plantar skin grafts to be better and acceptable, unlike the results of hairy area grafts. The texture and color are even better if the total skin graft is taken from an identical histological area. CONCLUSION: In view of these results, we recommend a plantar skin graft for black-skinned patients to cover losses of skin substances on the palmar surface of the fingers, the palm of the hand and the sole of the foot, if indicated.

Estética e política: contribuições para a elaboração de casos clínicos em psicanálise / Aesthetics and politics: contributions to the elaboration of clinical cases in psychoanalysis / Estética y política: aportes a la elaboración de casos clínicos en psicoanálisis / Esthétique et politique: contributions à l'élaboration de cas cliniques en psychanalyse

Resumo Este artigo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de pensar que a escrita de um caso clínico em psicanálise precisa considerar os elementos estéticos e políticos para se manter precisa em relação à ética da psicanálise. Para tanto, faremos aproximações entre o conceito de Inconsciente de Sigmund Freud e de Inconsciente Estético, proposto pelo filósofo francês Jacques Rancière. Assim, num primeiro momento será apresentado, de forma breve, o inconsciente estético e a psicanálise. Em um segundo momento, vamos apresentar os apontamentos de Rancière sobre estética e promover possíveis articulações entre o filósofo e Freud, a partir do que eles conceituam sobre o inconsciente. Finalmente, vamos pensar como o caso clínico pode ser observado a partir dessa ótica, investigando a respeito das articulações entre Inconsciente e Inconsciente Estético.

Abstract This article aims to think that the writing of a clinical case in psychoanalysis needs to consider the aesthetic and political elements to remain accurate regarding the ethics of psychoanalysis. To this end, we will make approximations between the concept of the Unconscious of Sigmund Freud and the Aesthetic Unconscious, proposed by the French philosopher Jacques Rancière. Thus, first we will present a brief presentation on the aesthetic unconscious and psychoanalysis. In a second moment, we will present Rancière's notes on aesthetics and promote possible articulations between the philosopher and Freud, from what they conceptualize about the unconscious. Finally, we will consider how the clinical case can be observed from this perspective that we propose, of investigating about the articulations between the Unconscious and the Aesthetic Unconscious.

Resumen Este artículo tiene por objetivo discutir que la escrita de un caso clínico en psicoanálisis necesita considerar los elementos estéticos y políticos para permanecer fiel a la ética del psicoanálisis. Para ello, se realizará una breve presentación sobre el concepto de inconsciente, de Sigmund Freud, y el inconsciente estético propuesto por Rancière. Primero, se presenta de forma breve el inconsciente estético y el psicoanálisis. Después, se expone los planteamientos de Rancière acerca de la estética y se hace posibles articulaciones entre el filósofo y Freud desde sus ideas sobre el inconsciente. Por último, se discutirá cómo se puede observar el caso clínico desde esta perspectiva que se propone investigar las posibles articulaciones entre el inconsciente y el inconsciente estético.

Résumé Cet article a le but de penser que l'écriture d'un cas clinique en psychanalyse doit tenir compte des éléments esthétiques et politiques pour rester juste par rapport à l'éthique de la psychanalyse. Dans ce but, nous ferons des approximations entre le concept d'Inconscient de Sigmund Freud et l'Inconscient Esthétique, proposé para the philosophe français Jacques Rancière. Donc, dans un premier temps, nous ferons un bref exposé sur l'inconscient esthétique et la psychanalyse. Deuxièmement, nous présenterons les notes de Rancière sur l'esthétique et nous soutiendrons les articulations possibles entre le philosophe et Freud, à partir de ce qu'ils conceptualisent sur l'inconscient. Enfin, nous réfléchirons comment le cas clinique peut être observé dans la perspective que nous proposons, d'étudier sur les articulations de l'Inconscient et l'Inconscient Esthétique.

Snatching: A modified cosmetic technique in pterygium surgery without using scalpel.

AIM: To evaluate the cosmetic surgical outcomes of primary corneal pterygia excision using the avulsion (snatching) technique. METHODS: A prospective, interventional study included twenty-five eyes of 25 patients with primary pterygium underwent excision were followed up for at least 6 months. In all patients, snatching (modified avulsion) technique was utilised to avulse the pterygium head off the corneal surface and remove any residual fibres by Colibri without need for keratectomy with a scalpel. RESULTS: The study involved 25 eyes of 25 patients with an average age of 42.5±56.5 years. The mean follow-up was 6 months. One-week post-op, 8 patients (32%) reported they can tell which is the operated eye but looked untouched while 17 (68%) patients reported that the operated eye looked red but is accepted. Twenty patients (80%) reported some discomfort while the remaining 5 patients (20%) reported no discomfort. Cornea examination showed a clear cornea in 18 eyes (72%), 6 eyes (24%) had mild keratitis, and 1 eye (4%) had clouding at the surgical site. Over an average of six months post-op follow-up period, all the patients (100%) reported they cannot tell which eye had the surgery and none (0%) of them reported discomfort. Examination of the cornea was clear in 24 (96%) eyes, but 1 (4%) eye had mild keratitis. CONCLUSION: Snatching (modified avulsion) technique was found to be effective, safe, and presents decent aesthetic appearance for the management of primary corneal pterygia when safety points are firmly followed.

[Aesthetic rehabilitation of a case of maxillary fibrous dysplasia in a child]. / Réhabilitation esthétique d'un cas de dysplasie fibreuse maxillaire chez l'enfant.

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare, congenital, benign bone disorder in which healthy bone tissue is replaced by abnormal scar-like (fibrous) connective tissue. The lesions may affect one or more bones, including the jawbones. A 13-year-old girl visited the dentist for failed eruption of her left maxillary permanent teeth and facial asymmetry. Radiological analysis revealed impactions of the permanent teeth in hypertrophic, hyperdense, weakly trabeculated bone tissue. To restore the aesthetics of the smile, a treatment combining decoronation and bonded restorations was performed. FD enlargement would slow down after puberty, allowing for long-term therapies. But there is no information about implantology in this type of bone lesion. The aesthetic and functional consequences of a maxillary FD should be managed as soon as possible. Treatment involves a multidisciplinary team and follow-up care into adulthood.

Polysensoriality and Aesthetics: The Lived Sensory Experiences of Adults with Mental Illness.

Background. Research in neuroscience shows that adults with schizophrenia or related psychotic disorders experience atypical sensory processing (e.g., deficits in sensory gating and mismatch negativity). Despite significant evidence proving these biomarkers are common among adults with serious mental illness, it is unclear how their sensory experiences impact their occupations in daily life (i.e., real-world implications of atypical sensory processing). Purpose. To explore how the lived sensory experiences of adults with psychotic disorders affect their occupations. Method. We used Walking with Video, photo-elicitation, and semi-structured interviews to study how the lived sensory experiences of adults with psychotic disorders (N = 6) relate to their occupations. Informed by a phenomenological perspective, we analysed data from semistructured interviews, and undertook analyses through iterative rounds of coding to develop themes and two cycles of group reflective practices to identify researcher biases and assumptions. Findings. Analyses revealed the following themes: polysensoriality, embodied aesthetics of everyday life, habits of sensing and sensory anchors, and active sensory beings. Implications. In clinical contexts, occupational therapists should carefully consider the situatedness of sensory experiences while avoiding assumptions that sensory preferences and aversions mechanistically generalize across contexts and occupations.

Drainage tube use for the reduction of postoperative ecchymosis in rhinoplasty.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative healing after rhinoplasty can have a negative impact on patient quality of life. OBJECTIVES: In our study, we aimed to reduce postoperative edema and ecchymosis by applying a minidrain system. We evaluated this intervention's benefit on postoperative morbidity by observing the patient with left and right sides, intervention side and control side respectively. METHODS: All surgeries were performed using a piezo device with an open technique septorhinoplasty. We only used a left-sided minidrain system through the osteotomy lines just in front of the piriform aperture for all patients with no other intervention on the right side of the same patient. RESULTS: Use of a drain on the left side was associated with a statistically significant decrease in ecchymosis at postoperative day 7 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We found that using a minidrain system through internal osteotomy lines was effective in reducing the amount of ecchymosis by day seven after surgery.

O momento estético como potencialidade de vida e de futuro / The aesthetic moment as a potentiality for life and the future / Le moment esthétique comme potentialité de vie et de l'avenir / El momento estético como potencial de vida y futuro

Este artigo é uma reflexão teórica acerca de algumas potencialidades do momento estético: este se configura, a um só tempo, como refúgio das intempéries do presente, como possibilidade de fortalecimento dos laços do indivíduo com a vida e como abertura para o futuro. A relação do pianista inglês James Rhodes com a música clássica, conforme narrada por ele em sua autobiografia, é apresentada como expressão de tais potencialidades. Em nossa argumentação, descrevemos o momento estético como momento de afrouxamento das fronteiras do self, que atualiza, até certo ponto, a relação primordial do bebê com o objeto materno. Enfatizamos os limites do momento estético, já que este não substitui a necessidade do encontro humano, mas indicamos que ele pode se apresentar como uma espécie de lugar de espera suportável que mantém aberto o horizonte do encontro.

Resumos This paper is a theoretical reflection on some potentialities of the aesthetic moment: this is configured, at the same time, as a refuge from the storms of the present, as a possibility to strengthen the individual's ties with life, and as an opening to the future. The English pianist James Rhodes's relationship with classical music, as narrated by him in his autobiography, is presented as an expression of such potentialities. During its argumentation, the text describes the aesthetic moment as a moment of loosening of the boundaries of the self, which updates, to a certain extent, the infant's primordial relationship with the maternal object. The article emphasizes the limits of the aesthetic moment, as it does not replace the need for human interaction, while indicating its potential as a kind of bearable waiting place which keeps the horizon of the encounter open.

Cet article est une réflexion théorique sur certaines potentialités du moment esthétique: celui-ci se configure, à la fois, comme un refuge contre les tempêtes du présent, comme une possibilité de renforcer les liens de l'individu avec la vie, et comme une ouverture vers l'avenir. La relation du pianiste anglais James Rhodes avec la musique classique, telle qu'il la raconte dans son autobiographie, est présentée comme une expression de ces potentialités. Au cours de l'argumentation, le texte décrit le moment esthétique comme un moment de relâchement des frontières du soi, qui actualise, dans une certaine mesure, la relation primordiale du nourrisson avec l'objet maternel. L'article souligne les limites du moment esthétique, car il ne remplace pas le besoin de la rencontre humaine, tout en indiquant son potentiel comme une sorte de lieu d'attente supportable qui maintient ouvert l'horizon de la rencontre.

Este artículo es una reflexión teórica sobre algunas potencialidades del momento estético: se configura, al mismo tiempo, como refugio de las tormentas del presente, como posibilidad de fortalecer los lazos del individuo con la vida y como apertura al futuro. La relación del pianista inglés James Rhodes con la música clásica, narrada por él en su autobiografía, se presenta como una expresión de tales potencialidades. En nuestro argumento, describimos el momento estético como un momento de afojar los límites del yo, que actualiza, hasta cierto punto, la relación primordial del bebé con el objeto materno. Destacamos los límites del momento estético, ya que éste no sustituye a la necesidad del encuentro humano, pero indicamos que puede presentarse como una especie de lugar de espera soportable que mantiene abierto el horizonte del encuentro.

[Legal aspects of teenager aesthetic surgery]. / Aspects médicojuridiques de la chirurgie esthétique chez l'adolescent(e).

The teenager is more and more in search of cosmetic surgery. The current societal mode favors this evolution. There are, however, a variety of demands, from disabling major disgrace, through the desire for aesthetic consumption, to unjustified demand in the patient with dysmorphophobia. Information and consent of the patient and parents are mandatory. Cosmetic surgery is legally possible in minors but while it is possible for other therapeutic decisions, there is no anticipated medical majority for cosmetic surgery. Parental consent remains mandatory. The surgeon must also agree to perform this act, but he must take into account the maturity of the minor patient before giving his consent to the requested surgical act.

[interest of scaphal cartilage grafting or ulnar proximal bone graft, under the olecranium, in secondary nose repair]. / Intérêt des Greffons de scapha ou du greffon de facette cubitale(ulna)sous olécrânien dans les rhinoplasties secondaires.

The proper use of scaphal ear cartilaginous autograft or ulnar bone lateral side under the olecranium, on the postero-médial flat wall covered by muscle, may be an innovative way for secondary nasal repair or reconstruction.These techniques are not well popularised, but they may represent a good solution in complicated cases when straighter cartilage than the concha, or a planar bone graft easy to take out, are considered; this may be the case mostly in secondary noses surgery;These techniques are also easy to perform because the position to take the grafts is very easy, the donor site is under the operative field; the observed complications have been few and the results were rewarding.

[The triplane aesthetic reconstruction of the alar unit after removal of advanced basal cell carcinomas. About 26 cases]. / Rhinopoièses esthétiques triplan de l'unité de l'aile après ablation de lésions basocellulaires évoluées. À propos de 26 cas.

INTRODUCTION: The aesthetic reconstruction of full thickness defects of the entire ala is difficult because of its complex tridimensional anatomy. The triplan reconstruction of this unit which includes: -a lining with a mucosal flap, -a sculptured cartilage framework imitating the anatomy of the opposite ala -and a skin coverage by an immediate defatted forehead flap, gives regularly a very good aesthetic results, superior to the ones obtained by other techniques. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From may 2008 to December 2020, 26 patients aged between 49 and 78 years old have benefited from this triplan aesthetic reconstruction after an excision of evolved basal cell carcinomas interesting the ala unit. The defects resulting were located in the entire ala with slight extension to the adjacent units. In all cases, the lining was reconstructed by the BURGET'S homolateral septal mucosal flap. The shape of the ala was obtained by a precise sculpture of conqual cartilage, taking the opposite ala as the model. The cutaneous coverage was provided by a paramedian forehead flap tailored exactly to the defect's size and immediately defatted. RESULTS: With a mean follow up of 8 years, all the reconstructed ala were quasi symmetrical to the opposite ones with a very good shape of the new nostrils. No complications and no tumoral recurrence are reported. CONCLUSION: This triplan reconstruction of the entire ala's defects is really aesthetic and gives a natural look for the lower third of the nose.

Directive clinique no 423 : Interventions chirurgicales et thérapeutiques esthétiques génitales féminines.

OBJECTIF: Fournir aux chirurgiens et autres fournisseurs de soins canadiens qui réalisent des interventions chirurgicales ou thérapeutiques esthétiques génitales féminines, et tout praticien demandeur, des directives fondées sur des données probantes en réponse à l'augmentation des demandes et de la disponibilité des interventions chirurgicales et thérapeutiques vaginales et vulvaires sortant du cadre traditionnel de la reconstruction avec indication médicale. POPULATION CIBLE: Les femmes de tous âges qui consultent pour subir une intervention chirurgicale ou thérapeutique esthétique génitale. BéNéFICES, RISQUES ET COûTS: Les professionnels de la santé qui prodiguent des soins aux femmes jouent un rôle important en renseignant les femmes sur leur anatomie et en les aidant à prendre conscience des variations individuelles. La plupart des femmes qui demandent une intervention chirurgicale ou thérapeutique esthétique génitale féminine ont des organes génitaux normaux, et jusqu'à 87 % d'entre elles sont rassurées par des conseils. À l'heure actuelle, étant donné le manque de données probantes cliniques et scientifiques rigoureuses sur l'efficacité et l'innocuité à court et à long terme, il n'y a aucune base pour se prononcer en faveur des interventions chirurgicales ou thérapeutiques esthétiques génitales féminines sans indication médicale. Les interventions chirurgicales ou thérapeutiques esthétiques génitales féminines sont généralement réalisées dans le secteur privé, où les coûts sont assumés par la patiente. DONNéES PROBANTES: La littérature publiée a été rassemblée par des recherches dans les bases de données Medline, Scopus et Cochrane Library au moyen de termes et mots clés pertinents et validés. Les termes de recherche sélectionnés se composaient de mots clés sur les interventions chirurgicales ou thérapeutiques esthétiques génitales féminines (labiaplasty, surgery, vaginal laser therapy, laser vaginal tightening, vaginal laser, vaginal rejuvenation, vaginal relaxation syndrome, hymenoplasty, vaginal cosmetic procedures) combinés à female genital counselling, consent, satisfaction, follow-up, adolescent et body dysmorphic or body dysmorphia. La recherche a été limitée aux articles publiés après 2012 afin de mettre à jour la documentation depuis la dernière directive à ce sujet. Les résultats ont été restreints aux revues systématiques, aux essais cliniques randomisés et aux études observationnelles. Les études ont été limitées à celles menées chez l'humain seulement, et aucune restriction linguistique n'a été appliquée. La recherche a été effectuée le 20 mai 2020 et mise à jour le 10 novembre 2020. MéTHODES DE VALIDATION: Les auteures ont évalué la qualité des données probantes et la force des recommandations en utilisant le cadre méthodologique d'évaluation, de développement et d'évaluation (GRADE). Voir l'annexe A en ligne (tableau A1 pour les définitions et tableau A2 pour l'interprétation des recommandations fortes et faibles). PROFESSIONNELS CONCERNéS: Gynécologues, fournisseurs de soins primaires, chirurgiens réalisant des interventions chirurgicales et/ou thérapeutiques esthétiques génitales féminines. RECOMMANDATIONS.

Lacan, esteta? Anotações sobre a clínica do real / Lacan, aesthete? Notes about the clinic of the real / Lacan, ¿esteta? Notas sobre la clínica de lo real / Lacan, esthète ? Notes concernant la clinique du réel

O objetivo deste ensaio é desenvolver a hipótese segundo a qual é possível ouvir uma estética na proposta ética da psicanálise lacaniana. Para tanto, será discutida a clínica do simbólico tal como delineada, sobretudo, no seminário A ética da psicanálise, para em seguida apresentar a clínica do real desde o seminário O sinthoma, na qual a problemática da escrita do gozo se radicaliza. No desenrolar do debate, pretende-se destacar como, progressivamente, Lacan aprofunda a experiência analítica enquanto poiesis, ato de criação, um gesto de abandono de uma "vontade de poder", no sentido foucaultiano, para a afirmação de uma "vontade de criação", para dizê-lo nietzschianamente, própria às artes, e portanto como o avesso da biopolítica, de uma ordem de controle dos corpos e da subjetividade.

The aim of this essay is to develop the hypothesis according to which it is possible to hear an aesthetic in the ethical proposal of Lacanian psychoanalysis. In order to do so, the symbolic clinic will be discussed as outlined in the seminar The ethics of psychoanalysis to then present the clinic of the real since the seminar The sinthome in which the problem of writing of jouissance is radicalized. In the course of the debate, it is intended to highlight how, progressively, Lacan deepens the analytical experience as an act of poiesis, creation, a gesture of abandonment of a "will of power", in the Foucauldian sense, for an affirmation of a "willingness to create", to put it in a Nietzschean way, as the reverse of biopolitics, of an order of control over bodies and subjectivity.

El objetivo de este ensayo es desarrollar la hipótesis de que es posible escuchar una estética en la propuesta ética del psicoanálisis lacaniano. Con este fin, se discutirá la clínica de lo simbólico, sobre todo, como se describe en el seminario La ética del psicoanálisis, y luego presentaremos la clínica de lo real desde el seminario Le sinthome en el que se radicaliza el problema de la escritura del goce. En el transcurso del debate, se pretende destacar cómo, progresivamente, Lacan profundiza en la experiencia analítica como poiesis, acto de creación, un gesto de abandono de una "voluntad de poder", en el sentido de Foucault, para una afirmación de una "voluntad de crear", en el sentido de Nietzsche, propio de las artes y, por lo tanto, como el reverso de la biopolítica, de un orden para controlar los cuerpos y la subjetividad.

L'objectif de cet essai est de développer l'hypothèse selon laquelle il est possible de s'entendre une proposition éthique de la psychanalyse lacanienne. Pour cela, on discutera de la clinique du symbolique telle qu'elle a été délinéée surtout pendant le séminaire L'éthique de la psychanalyse pour ensuite présenter la clinique du réel depuis le séminaire Le sinthome, dans laquelle la problématique de l'écriture de la jouissance se radicalise. Pendant le déroulement du débat, on a l'intention de souligner comment Lacan approfondit progressivement l'expérience analytique en tant que poïétique, ou poiesis, un acte de création, un geste d'abandon d'une « volonté de pouvoir ¼ dans le sens foucaldien, vers une affirmation d'une « volonté de création ¼ pour le dire à la façon nietzschéenne, propre aux arts et, donc telle que l'inverse de la biopolitique, d'un ordre de contrôle des corps et de la subjectivité.

[Beauty at the heart of man]. / La beauté au cœur de l'humain.

Beauty is an age-old human preoccupation, born at the heart of the development of the arts. However, it is not only of interest to the artist or the art lover. A complex notion defined subjectively and objectively, beauty is at the heart of all human relationships: to be recognised by others certainly requires attracting them, but also being in agreement with our own image. Thus, the body, whether beautiful or ugly, sick or healthy, is seen as a support for the relationship with others.

[Training and practice of socio-aesthetics]. / Formation et pratique de la socio-esthétique.

Socio-aesthetics has become very popular in recent years. Suffering from a lack of recognition and in the absence of a regulatory framework, it is still too often associated, in a somewhat caricatured way, with softness, relaxation or cocooning. While it is certainly a profession whose vocation is to "cause well-being", this is not its only mission.

[History of socio-esthetics]. / Histoire de la socio-esthétique.

Concerns about physical appearance and the image projected to others have always existed. Physical difference socially generates stigmatising behaviour, of which women are the first victims. The idea of repairing the body is at the basis of the development of aesthetic care. Socio-aesthetics is a modern speciality, which has developed by linking up with other medical and paramedical disciplines.

[From the dream body to the real body, a clinical look at body image]. / Du corps rêvé au corps réel, un regard clinique porté sur l'image corporelle.

As the object of care in medical treatment, the body is apprehended and invested in by patients from the point of view of the subject. The social, cultural and historical background of the subjects shapes their relationship with their body and regulates the possible impact of its transformations. These elements are important to take into account in the identification of body image disturbances and access to dedicated care. The experience of carers in dealing with these "marked" bodies must also be taken into account.

[Washing as rehabilitation of the self, between hygiene and aesthetic care]. / La toilette comme réhabilitation de soi, entre soin d'hygiène et soin esthétique.

Washing is a form of care whose apparent simplicity hides a richness of great complexity. Washing the other person involves a space for sharing. The human dimension of care is often relegated to the area of hygiene and cleanliness. However, beyond a simple know-how, washing gives us the opportunity to think about the care relationship in terms of a commitment to care.

[Effects of make-up on mood and walking in elderly women]. / Effets du maquillage sur l'humeur et la marche chez la femme âgée.

The increase in longevity makes it necessary to take care of the quality of life of senior citizens. Ageing is accompanied by alterations leading to an increased risk of falling. A study conducted at the Charité Hospital in Saint-Etienne (42) showed that a cosmetic procedure with an impact on the appearance could improve the mood and the walking capacity of the senior citizen, but also have an effect on stress and immunity.