Latin American Forensic Odontology: A Scoping Review of its Current Research and the Objective/Subjective Nature of its Studies

SUMMARY: The new paradigm in Forensic Sciences initiated by the entry of genetics (the current standard of legal evidence) and accentuated by recognized wrongful convictions derived from experts today in the eye of criticism, has highlighted the potential for bias and error in forensic disciplines when they depend on human interpretation and subjectivity, which has not been avoided by Forensic Odontology (FO). However, a subjective judgment is not necessarily wrong, so the refinement of processes, the development of standards, and robust research can contribute to the validity of interpretation to increase objectivity. Latin America (LATAM) has its own realities and needs, which have conditioned the priorities and objectives of FO research. A scoping review is presented to systematically map the investigation of LATAM researchers and identify the objective or subjective nature of their assessments. LATAM shows interesting productivity and intentions to adhere to international standards, with Brazil leading this research significantly, followed by Chile and Colombia, among others. However, there is a disproportionate approach in certain lines of research (dental age estimation), and needs to address other quantitative studies, and to improve the visibility of the LATAM FO research.

El nuevo paradigma en ciencias forenses iniciado por la entrada de la genética (el actual estándar de la evidencia jurídica), y acentuado por reconocidas condenas injustas derivadas de pericias hoy en el ojo de la crítica, ha destacado el potencial de sesgo y error que poseen algunas disciplinas forenses cuando dependen de la interpretación humana y la subjetividad, lo cual no ha sido ajeno a la odontología forense (OF). Sin embargo, un juicio subjetivo no necesariamente es erróneo, con lo que el refinamiento de procesos, el desarrollo de estándares y la investigación robusta pueden contribuir a validar esa interpretación para aumentar su objetividad. Latinoamérica (LATAM) posee realidades y necesidades propias que han condicionado las prioridades y objetivos de la investigación en OF. Se presenta una revisión con búsqueda sistemática para mapear sistemáticamente la investigación en OF realizada por investigadores latinoamericanos, así como identificar la naturaleza objetiva o subjetiva de sus evaluaciones. LATAM demuestra una productividad interesante e intenciones de adherirse a estándares internacionales, con Brasil liderando significativamente esta investigación, seguido por Chile y Colombia entre otros. Sin embargo, se observa un enfoque desproporcionado en ciertas líneas de investigación (estimación de edad dental particularmente), y necesidad tanto de abordar otros estudios cuantitativos como de mejorar la visibilidad de la investigación latinoamericana en OF.

La educación basada en la comunidad desde las percepciones de estudiantes: un estudio cualitativo / Community-Based Education from the students' perceptions: a qualitative study

Introducción. La Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino (UNSTA) presenta como nueva oferta de grado la carrera de medicina, que enfatiza un enfoque orientado a la familia y la comunidad. El programa de estudio incorpora la educación basada en la comunidad (EBC), desde el primer al último ciclo de la carrera. Objetivos. Indagar acerca de las percepciones que los estudiantes que cursaron el primer año de medicina en la UNSTA tienen acerca de sus experiencias en EBC y caracterizar la valoración que le otorgan al contacto precoz con la comunidad. Material y métodos. Estudio cualitativo, paradigma hermenéutico. Modo de generación conceptual, método de análisis de la teoría fundamentada a partir de entrevistas en profundidad. Resultados. Según la percepción de estudiantes, la EBC permite abrir la cabeza (descubrir otras realidades, chocarse con otros contextos, construir otra idea de médico); significa nutrirse de la práctica temprana (tener una marca para toda la carrera, salirse del libro, aprender de la salud pública local, conocer a un esencial invisible, valorar los diagnósticos de situación locales, sentirse parte y ponerse el delantal); posibilita aprender más allá de la medicina (generar un estudio más reflexivo, vivir el trabajo en equipo, mejorar las habilidades comunicacionales, entender a la persona como un todo e iniciar un compromiso social). Conclusiones. Los hallazgos subrayan los numerosos beneficios de un plan de estudio que integre la EBC desde el principio. No solo fomenta el aprendizaje reflexivo, sino que también facilita un proceso clínico centrado en la persona y su contexto, iniciando así un compromiso social. (AU)

Background. Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino (UNSTA) introduces a new medicine degree program. The graduate profile will be that of a general practitioner with family and community orientation. The study program incorporates community-based education (CBE) from the first to the last cycle of the program. Objectives. To investigate the perceptions that students who completed the first year of medicine at UNSTA have about their experiences at CBE and to characterize the value they give to early contact with the community. Material and methods. Qualitative study, hermeneutic paradigm, conceptual generation mode, grounded theory analysis based on in-depth interviews. Results. According to the perception of students, CBE allows us to open our minds (to discover other realities, encounter other contexts, and build another idea of a medical doctor); it means being nourished by early practice (having a mark for the entire career, going outside the book, learning from local public health, getting to know an invisible essential, valuing local situation diagnoses, feeling a part and putting on the apron); it makes it possible to learn beyond medicine (to generate a more reflective study, to experience teamwork, to improve communication skills, to understand the person as a who leand to initiate a social commitment). Conclusions. Our findings underscore the numerous benefits of a study plan that integrates CBE from the outset. It not only fosters reflective learning but also facilitates a clinical process that is centered on the individual and their environment, thereby initiating a social commitment. (AU)

Necesidades y experiencia farmacoterapéutica de los pacientes con leucemia mieloide crónica tratados con inhibidores de la tirosina cinasa: revisión sistemática / Medication experience and patient’s related needs in chronic myeloid leukemia treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Systematic review

Objetivo: diversas investigaciones cuantitativas generan evidencia sobre los pacientes con leucemia mieloide crónica y el tratamiento activo con inhibidores tirosina cinasa, pero son escasas las investigaciones cualitativas que orienten sus resultados a cómo acompañar a los pacientes a lo largo de su enfermedad. El objetivo es conocer las expectativas, las necesidades de información y las experiencias condicionantes al usar inhibidores tirosina cinasa en los pacientes con leucemia mieloide crónica en los estudios cualitativos publicados en la literatura científica.Métodosse revisaron sistemáticamente investigaciones cualitativas publicadas entre 2003 y 2021 en Pubmed/Medline, Web of Science y Embase de pacientes con leucemia mieloide crónica tratados con inhibidores tirosina cinasa. Las palabras clave fueron «Leukemia, Myeloid» y «Qualitative Research». Se excluyeron artículos sobre la fase aguda o blástica.Resultadosse localizaron 184 publicaciones. Eliminando los duplicados, se incluyeron 6 (3%) y excluyeron 176 (97%). Los estudios muestran la enfermedad como inflexión en la vida de los pacientes, quienes desarrollan sus propias estrategias para controlar los efectos adversos. Los factores que determinan la experiencia farmacoterapéutica con inhibidores tirosina cinasa deben abordarse mediante estrategias personalizadas: esto permitiría la detección temprana de problemas, reforzaría la educación en cada etapa y promovería la discusión abierta sobre las causas complejas que subyacen al fracaso del tratamiento. (AU)

Objective: Several studies quantitatively described patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia on active treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, however there are few qualitative studies that focus their results on how to accompany patients in the course of the disease over time. The objective of this review is to find out what are the expectations, information needs and experiences that determine adherence to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia in qualitative research articles published in the scientific literature.MethodsA systematic review of qualitative research articles published between 2003-2021 was carried out in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Embase databases. Main keywords used were: "Leukaemia, Myeloid" and "Qualitative Research". Articles on the acute phase or blast phase were excluded.Results184 publications were located. After elimination of duplicates, 6 (3%) were included and 176 (97%) publications were excluded. Studies show that the illness is a turning point in patients' lives, and they develop their own strategies for managing the adverse effects. The factors that determine medication experiences with tyrosine kinase inhibitors should be addressed by implementing personalized strategies: this would result in early detection of problems, reinforce education at each stage and promote open discussion about complex causes underlying the treatment failure. (AU)

[Translated article] The needs and medication experience of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Several studies quantitatively described patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia on active treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, however there are few qualitative studies that focus their results on how to accompany patients in the course of the disease over time. The objective of this review is to find out what are the expectations, information needs and experiences that determine adherence to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in qualitative research articles published in the scientific literature. METHODS: A systematic review of qualitative research articles published between 2003-2021 was carried out in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Embase databases. Main keywords used were: "Leukemia, Myeloid" and "Qualitative Research". Articles on the acute phase or blast phase were excluded. RESULTS: 184 publications were located. After elimination of duplicates, 6 (3%) were included and 176 (97%) publications were excluded. Studies show that the illness is a turning point in patients' lives, and they develop their own strategies for managing the adverse effects. The factors that determine medication experiences with tyrosine kinase inhibitors should be addressed by implementing personalized strategies: this would result in early detection of problems, reinforce education at each stage and promote open discussion about complex causes underlying the treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review provides evidence that implementation personalized strategies must be done to adress the factors that determine the illness experience with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and receiving treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Medication experience and patient's related needs in chronic myeloid leukemia treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Systematic review. / Necesidades y experiencia farmacoterapéutica de los pacientes con leucemia mieloide crónica tratados con inhibidores de la tirosina cinasa: revisión sistemática.

OBJECTIVE: Several studies quantitatively described patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia on active treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, however there are few qualitative studies that focus their results on how to accompany patients in the course of the disease over time. The objective of this review is to find out what are the expectations, information needs and experiences that determine adherence to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia in qualitative research articles published in the scientific literature. METHODS: A systematic review of qualitative research articles published between 2003-2021 was carried out in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Embase databases. Main keywords used were: "Leukaemia, Myeloid" and "Qualitative Research". Articles on the acute phase or blast phase were excluded. RESULTS: 184 publications were located. After elimination of duplicates, 6 (3%) were included and 176 (97%) publications were excluded. Studies show that the illness is a turning point in patients' lives, and they develop their own strategies for managing the adverse effects. The factors that determine medication experiences with tyrosine kinase inhibitors should be addressed by implementing personalized strategies: this would result in early detection of problems, reinforce education at each stage and promote open discussion about complex causes underlying the treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review provides evidence that implementation personalized strategies must be done to adress the factors that determine the illness experience with Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia and receiving treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Importância dos estudos qualitativos na compreensão do significado da prática de atividade física entre idosos / The importance of qualitative studies in understanding the meaning of physical activity practice among the elderly / Importancia de los estudios cualitativos en la comprensión del significado de la práctica de actividad física en ancianos

O envelhecimento da população demanda um olhar mais atento para os desejos e necessidades dos idosos. Embora a promoção de um envelhecimento ativo e saudável seja assunto prioritário para a saúde pública, boa parte dos trabalhos desta área são quantitativos, de metodologia epidemiológica, focados nos fatores de risco e proteção para a saúde desta população. Esse viés metodológico não capta a experiência vivida do envelhecimento, não explica as ações de cada um em relação à sua saúde. O objetivo deste ensaio é refletir sobre a importância dos estudos qualitativos na compreensão das necessidades, forças e fraquezas dos idosos que irão refletir na motivação e na maneira de atuar e dar significado à prática de atividade física e ao cuidado com a sua saúde.(AU)

The aging of the population demands a closer look at the desires and needs of older adults. Although promoting active and healthy aging is a priority for public health, much of the work in this area is quantitative, using an epidemiological methodology focused on risk and protective factors for the health of this population. This methodological bias does not capture the experience of aging or explain the behavior of each individual in relation to their health. The objective of this essay is to reflect on the importance of qualitative studies in understanding the needs, strengths, and weaknesses of older adults, which will shed light on motivation, behavior, and the meaning of physical activity and health care practices.(AU)

El envejecimiento de la población exige una mirada más cercana a los deseos y necesidades de las personas mayores. Si bien la promoción del envejecimiento activo y saludable es un tema prioritario para la salud pública, gran parte del trabajo en esta área es cuantitativo, con metodología epidemiológica, enfocado en los factores de riesgo y protección para la salud de esta población. Este sesgo metodológico no capta la experiencia vivida del envejecimiento ni explica las acciones de cada uno en relación a su salud. El objetivo de este ensayo es reflexionar sobre la importancia de los estudios cualitativos en la comprensión de las necesidades, fortalezas y debilidades de las personas mayores, lo que permitirá reflexionar sobre la motivación y forma de actuar y dar sentido a la práctica de actividad física y el cuidado de su salud.(AU)

Physicians' experiences and views on the role of obstetric ultrasound in rural and urban Rwanda: a qualitative study.

OBJECTIVE: To explore Rwandan physicians' experiences and views on the role of obstetric ultrasound in clinical management of pregnancy, and in situations where maternal and fetal health interests conflict. METHODS: Physicians (n = 19) in public and private health facilities in urban and rural Rwanda were interviewed in 2015 as part of the CROss-Country Ultrasound Study (CROCUS). Data were analysed qualitatively. RESULTS: Ultrasound was described as an important tool in maternity care. Availability and quality of equipment varied across sites, and considerable disparities in obstetric ultrasound utilisation between rural and urban areas were described. The physicians wanted more ultrasound training and saw the potential for midwives to perform basic scans. Information about fetal sex and well-being was described as women's main expectations of ultrasound. Although women's right to autonomy in pregnancy was supported in principle by participating physicians, fetal rights were sometimes seen as needing physician 'protection'. CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be increasing use and demand for obstetric ultrasound in Rwanda, particularly in urban areas. It seems important to monitor this development closely to secure wise and fair allocation of scarce obstetric expertise and resources and to prevent overuse or misuse of ultrasound. Raising awareness about the benefits of all aspects of antenatal care, including ultrasound may be an important step to improve pregnant women's uptake of services. Increased opportunities for formal ultrasound training, including the training of midwives to perform basic scans, seem warranted. Moreover, in parallel with the transition to more medico-technical maternity care, a dialogue about maternal rights to autonomy in pregnancy and childbirth is imperative.

[Delphi study to identify the management skills of nursing executives]. / Estudio Delphi para identificar las competencias en gestión del directivo de enfermería.

OBJECTIVE: To determine and update the skills map for the position of Nurse Administrator in hospitals and Primary Care. METHOD: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study based on a Delphi technique was conducted in hospital and Primary Care settings. Two nominal groups with 15 nurses each were used to define the contents of the questionnaire 0 in the Delphi technique. All nurses registered in the professional associations of Alicante, Castellón and Valencia were invited to participate. The results of the Delphi study was submitted to factor analysis to identify the set of skills and, subsequently, compare them with the offer of post-graduate course in colleges and universities during the 2014-15 academic year. RESULTS: Forty-five competences were extracted during the Nominal groups. In total, 705 nurses replied to the first wave in the Delphi Technique, and 394 in the second (response rate of 56%). Factorial analysis grouped the skills chosen into 10 factors: managing people, conflict management, independent learning, ethics, emotional balance, commitment, self-discipline, continuous improvement, critical-thinking, and innovation. Four skills groups identified in this study (emotional balancing, commitment, self-discipline and courage) were not usually included in the post-graduate courses CONCLUSIONS: The nurse administrator skills should be related to relational and ethical behaviour. The training offer of the post-graduate courses must be reoriented.

Los diseños y estrategias para los estudios cualitativos. Un acercamiento teórico-metodológico / Strategies and designing for quality studies. A methodological-theoretical approach

Fundamento: La discusión epistemológica en torno a los paradigmas que se utilizan como apoyo a la investigación, ya han quedado atrás en los debates de la ciencia y carecen de base suficiente. Se reconoce hoy la necesaria complementariedad científica donde es la naturaleza del objeto de investigación la que traza las pautas para identificar los métodos y técnicas a utilizar, los que no están necesariamente vinculados a ­un paradigma. Objetivo: Valorar las diferentes alternativas a tomar en cuenta en los diseños y estrategias metodológicas para los estudios cualitativos. Conclusiones: El profesional que realiza investigaciones cualitativas debe poseer una profunda preparación teórico-metodológica que le permita, desde una mirada flexible y abierta, identificar el problema y discernir cuáles son las preguntas que lo han de conducir a través de todo el proceso investigativo, tomar en cuenta la creatividad que requiere el proceso que enfrenta, donde la teoría emerge de los datos, no es impuesta a los datos ni siquiera es contrastada con el dato y donde debe quedar claro que lo que no está escrito, no sucedió.

Background: The epistemology discussion regarding the paradigms that are used as a support of the investigations, has been left behind in the science debates and are without a sufficient base. Today is well known the scientific complementary need where the nature of the object of investigation is the one who mark the steps to identify the methods and techniques to use, which are not involved to a paradigm. Objective: To value the different alternatives to follow in the designing and methodological strategies for the qualities studies Conclusions: The professional who makes the quality investigations must have a deep theoretical-methodological preparation which allows him from a flexible and open look to identify the problem and which are the questions which have to guide him throughout the investigative process, to take into account the creativeness that require the facing process, where theory emerges from the data, is not imposed to the data not even compared with the data and where must be clear that what is not written, did not happened.

El acoso psicológico laboral desde la mirada de un perpetrador: un estudio de caso / Assédio moral no trabalho a partir da perspectiva de um autor: um estudo de caso / The mobbing at workplace from perpetrator's point of view: a case study / Harcèlement au travail du point de vue d'un auteur: une étude de cas

Se realizó una investigación de corte cualitativo y orientación fenomenológica, con el propósito de conocer las autopercepciones de una presunta perpetradora de acoso psicológico en el trabajo. El tipo de estudio fue el análisis de un caso y la selección de la participante se logró por muestreo de oportunidad. La información fue obtenida a través de la técnica de la entrevista en profundidad y los datos fueron registrados y analizados bajo el método fenomenológico para conocer cómo la participante se percibía a sí misma en su rol de perpetradora de acoso psicológico en el trabajo. Se construyó una explicación de las categorías emergentes de las experiencias y vivencias de la entrevistada, con base en la interpretación fenomenológica para el establecimiento de sentido y significado a la información proporcionada. Los hallazgos obtenidos muestran la preparación, escenificación, deliberación, intencionalidad de dañar y abuso de la perpetradora en la comisión de comportamientos típicos de acoso psicológico. Asimismo, los datos sugirieron la presencia de un trastorno de la personalidad del tipo paranoide y antisocial en la perpetradora. También se identificó el uso de un puesto de representación sindical para bloquear el desarrollo profesional de su víctima dentro de la institución. Se recomienda la realización de estudios cualitativos en los que participen todos los actores involucrados en el proceso del acoso psicológico en el trabajo (perpetradores, víctimas y testigos).(AU)

Nousavons mené une recherchequalitative et de l'orientationphénoménologique, afin de connaître les auto-perceptions des d'unauteurprésumé de harcèlementautravail.Le typed'étudeétaitl'analysed'un cas et en sélectionnantl'échantillon des participants a étéobtenu par opportunité.L'information a étéobtenue par la technique de la entrevues en profondeur et les donnéesontétéenregistrées et analyséesdans la méthodephénoménologique de la façondont le participant se perçoitdans son rôle en tantqu'auteur de harcèlementautravail.Il a étéconstruit une explication des catégoriesémergentes de sens à partir des expériencesbasées sur l'interprétationphénoménologique de la mise en place de la signification et l'importance de l'informationfournie.Les résultatsmontrent la préparation, la mise en scène, la délibération, l'intention de nuire et l'abus de l'auteurdans la commission de comportementstypiquesde harcèlement. En outre, les donnéessuggèrent la présenced'untrouble de la personnalitéantisociale et de typeparanoïdedans le harceleuse.Nousavonsaussiidentifiél'utilisation de la représentationsyndicale à bloquer le développementprofessionnel de la victime ausein de l'institution. Ilestrecommandé que les étudesqualitativesimpliquanttoutes les partiesprenantesdans le processus de harcèlementpsychologiqueautravail [auteurs, victimes et des témoins].(AU)

Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa e de orientação fenomenológica a fim de conhecer as autopercepções de uma autora de assédio moral no trabalho. O tipo de estudo foi análise de caso e a seleção da amostra participante se deu por oportunidade. As informações foram obtidas através da técnica de entrevistas em profundidade e os dados foram registrados e analisados a partir do método fenomenológico, para se conhecer como o participante se percebe em seu papel de autor do assédio moral no trabalho. Construiu-se uma explicação das categorias emergentes a partir das experiências e vivências do entrevistado, com base na interpretação fenomenológica para a criação de sentido e significado às informações fornecidas. Os achados mostram a preparação, o estadiamento, a deliberação, a intenção de prejudicar e o abuso do autor na prática de comportamentos típicos de assédio moral no trabalho. Além disso, os dados sugerem a presença de um transtorno de personalidade antissocial e do tipo paranoico no agressor. Também foi identificado o uso de representação sindical para bloquear o desenvolvimento profissional da vítima dentro da instituição. Recomenda-se a realização de estudos qualitativos envolvendo todos os intervenientes no processo de assédio moral no trabalho (agressores, vítimas e testemunhas).(AU)

We conducted a qualitative research with phenomenological orientation.The purpose was to know the self-perceptions of an alleged perpetrator of mobbingat work. The type of study was the analysis of a case and the participant was selected by opportunity sampling. The information was obtained through the technique of in-depth interviews and data were analyzed by the phenomenological method for know how the participant perceived herself in her role as perpetrator of mobbing at work. It was built a categories scheme from the interviewed experiences based on phenomenological interpretation. The aim was the establishment of sense and significance of information provided. The findings show the preparation, staging, deliberation, intent to harm and abuse of the perpetrator in the commission of typical mobbing behaviors. Furthermore, the data suggest the presence of a personality disorder and antisocial paranoid type in the mobbing perpetrator. We also identified the use of union representation power to obstruct the victim's professional development within the institution. It is recommended qualitative studies with involving all actors in the process of mobbing at work [perpetrators, victims and witnesses].(AU)

El acoso psicológico laboral desde la mirada de un perpetrador: un estudio de caso / Assédio moral no trabalho a partir da perspectiva de um autor: um estudo de caso / The mobbing at workplace from perpetrator's point of view: a case study / Harcèlement au travail du point de vue d'un auteur: une étude de cas

Se realizó una investigación de corte cualitativo y orientación fenomenológica, con el propósito de conocer las autopercepciones de una presunta perpetradora de acoso psicológico en el trabajo. El tipo de estudio fue el análisis de un caso y la selección de la participante se logró por muestreo de oportunidad. La información fue obtenida a través de la técnica de la entrevista en profundidad y los datos fueron registrados y analizados bajo el método fenomenológico para conocer cómo la participante se percibía a sí misma en su rol de perpetradora de acoso psicológico en el trabajo. Se construyó una explicación de las categorías emergentes de las experiencias y vivencias de la entrevistada, con base en la interpretación fenomenológica para el establecimiento de sentido y significado a la información proporcionada. Los hallazgos obtenidos muestran la preparación, escenificación, deliberación, intencionalidad de dañar y abuso de la perpetradora en la comisión de comportamientos típicos de acoso psicológico. Asimismo, los datos sugirieron la presencia de un trastorno de la personalidad del tipo paranoide y antisocial en la perpetradora. También se identificó el uso de un puesto de representación sindical para bloquear el desarrollo profesional de su víctima dentro de la institución. Se recomienda la realización de estudios cualitativos en los que participen todos los actores involucrados en el proceso del acoso psicológico en el trabajo (perpetradores, víctimas y testigos).

Nousavons mené une recherchequalitative et de l'orientationphénoménologique, afin de connaître les auto-perceptions des d'unauteurprésumé de harcèlementautravail.Le typed'étudeétaitl'analysed'un cas et en sélectionnantl'échantillon des participants a étéobtenu par opportunité.L'information a étéobtenue par la technique de la entrevues en profondeur et les donnéesontétéenregistrées et analyséesdans la méthodephénoménologique de la façondont le participant se perçoitdans son rôle en tantqu'auteur de harcèlementautravail.Il a étéconstruit une explication des catégoriesémergentes de sens à partir des expériencesbasées sur l'interprétationphénoménologique de la mise en place de la signification et l'importance de l'informationfournie.Les résultatsmontrent la préparation, la mise en scène, la délibération, l'intention de nuire et l'abus de l'auteurdans la commission de comportementstypiquesde harcèlement. En outre, les donnéessuggèrent la présenced'untrouble de la personnalitéantisociale et de typeparanoïdedans le harceleuse.Nousavonsaussiidentifiél'utilisation de la représentationsyndicale à bloquer le développementprofessionnel de la victime ausein de l'institution. Ilestrecommandé que les étudesqualitativesimpliquanttoutes les partiesprenantesdans le processus de harcèlementpsychologiqueautravail [auteurs, victimes et des témoins].

Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa e de orientação fenomenológica a fim de conhecer as autopercepções de uma autora de assédio moral no trabalho. O tipo de estudo foi análise de caso e a seleção da amostra participante se deu por oportunidade. As informações foram obtidas através da técnica de entrevistas em profundidade e os dados foram registrados e analisados a partir do método fenomenológico, para se conhecer como o participante se percebe em seu papel de autor do assédio moral no trabalho. Construiu-se uma explicação das categorias emergentes a partir das experiências e vivências do entrevistado, com base na interpretação fenomenológica para a criação de sentido e significado às informações fornecidas. Os achados mostram a preparação, o estadiamento, a deliberação, a intenção de prejudicar e o abuso do autor na prática de comportamentos típicos de assédio moral no trabalho. Além disso, os dados sugerem a presença de um transtorno de personalidade antissocial e do tipo paranoico no agressor. Também foi identificado o uso de representação sindical para bloquear o desenvolvimento profissional da vítima dentro da instituição. Recomenda-se a realização de estudos qualitativos envolvendo todos os intervenientes no processo de assédio moral no trabalho (agressores, vítimas e testemunhas).

We conducted a qualitative research with phenomenological orientation.The purpose was to know the self-perceptions of an alleged perpetrator of mobbingat work. The type of study was the analysis of a case and the participant was selected by opportunity sampling. The information was obtained through the technique of in-depth interviews and data were analyzed by the phenomenological method for know how the participant perceived herself in her role as perpetrator of mobbing at work. It was built a categories scheme from the interviewed experiences based on phenomenological interpretation. The aim was the establishment of sense and significance of information provided. The findings show the preparation, staging, deliberation, intent to harm and abuse of the perpetrator in the commission of typical mobbing behaviors. Furthermore, the data suggest the presence of a personality disorder and antisocial paranoid type in the mobbing perpetrator. We also identified the use of union representation power to obstruct the victim's professional development within the institution. It is recommended qualitative studies with involving all actors in the process of mobbing at work [perpetrators, victims and witnesses].

Autopercepción de presuntos perpetradores de acoso psicológico en el trabajo. Un acercamiento fenomenológico: A phenomenological approach / Workplace mobbing from alleged perpetrators' point of view

Objetivos: Conocer las autopercepciones de los supuestos perpetradores en el proceso de acoso psicológico en el trabajo. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo a presuntos perpetradores de acoso psicológico en el trabajo con base en el método fenomenológico a partir de entrevistas en profundidad. El análisis e interpretación se efectuó con el programa Atlas.ti. Resultados: Participaron nueve sujetos que realizan funciones directivas. Las autodescripciones se constituyeron de las percepciones de los entrevistados. Se conformaron tres categorías centrales: las capacidades personales y habilidades para la dirección, los principios en el ejercicio del cargo y las conductas precursoras de acoso psicológico. Los presuntos perpetradores hacen una especie de recomposición perceptual y cognitiva que les distancia del reconocerse como causantes de acoso psicológico.A pesar de que solo dos entrevistados reconocieron su condición de perpetrador, los siete restantes bien pueden ser denominados como tales, ya que en algún momento su comportamiento fue violento, ya sea verbal o conductualmente, y provocó menoscabo en el estado psicológico y emocional de sus víctimas. Conclusiones: Las limitaciones que tienen los hallazgos de un estudio como el que se presenta son evidentes. Sin embargo, consideramos que el alcance futuro de estudios de corte cualitativo que analicen el fenómeno del acoso psicológico en el trabajo está aún intacto y, por ende, representa un área de oportunidad para la generación de conocimiento en el tema.

Objective: To know the self-perceptions of alleged perpetrators in the process of mobbing at workplace. Materials and methods: A qualitative study was realized to alleged perpetrators of mobbing at workplace. We used the phenomenological method from interviews in depth. The analysis and interpretation was carried out by the software Atlas.ti. 6.2 Results: They informed nine subjects that realize managerial functions. The self-descriptions were constituted of the perceptions of the interviewed ones. Three central categories conformed; personal capacities and management skills, personal principles in the exercise of the job post and mobbing at workplace behaviors. The alleged perpetrators do a species of perceptual and cognitive alteration that distances them from being recognizing as mobbers. In spite of the fact that only two interviewed ones recognized their condition of perpetrators, although the other seven can be well named as such, since in some moment his behavior was violent, already be verbal or behaviorally and it provoked a damage in the psychological and emotional condition of his victims. Conclusions: The limitations that take the findings of this study appears are evident. Nevertheless, we think that the future scope of studies of qualitative cut that should analyze the phenomenon of mobbing at workplace is still intact, and it represents an area of opportunity for the generation of knowledge in the topic.