Compounds based on iron mining tailing dams and activated carbon from macauba palm for removal of emerging contaminants and phosphate from aqueous systems.

In this work, an iron-rich residue, which is widely obtained as a by-product in the iron mining industry, and macauba endocarp, waste from the extraction of vegetable oil for the production of biofuels, were used in the preparation of different composites based on iron and carbon. The composites were obtained by manual grinding of the calcined iron residue and activated carbon prepared by the macauba endocarp followed by thermal treatment under nitrogen atmosphere. The effect of the thermal treatment was analyzed by Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction and showed that the increase in the treatment temperature promoted the formation of different reduced iron phases in the final composite, such as Fe3O4, FeO, and Fe0. These composites were used in a combined adsorption/oxidation process through photocatalysis to remove up to 93% of amoxicillin from aqueous phase. The formation of possible reaction intermediates was monitored by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and a mechanism of amoxicillin degradation was proposed. Afterward, the Fe/C composites were conducted to evaluate the impact of several parameters on phosphate adsorption processes and showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 40.3 mg g-1. The adsorption capacity obtained for all the materials were greater than those found in the literature.

Optimum timing for assessing phenotypic resistance against gastrointestinal nematodes in Pelibuey ewes.

The objective was to identify the optimal stage of production to evaluate the resistance of Pelibuey ewes against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). Faecal egg count (FEC) was used to classify the ewes as resistant, sensible or intermediate against GIN. Forty-seven ewes were mating during 30 d. The gestation was verified by ultrasonography, and the breeding date was used to calculate the productive stages. Faeces were taken weekly to determine the FEC. Blood samples were taken to determine the packed cell volume (PCV), the peripheral eosinophils count (PEC), plasma protein concentration (PP), and Immunoglobulin A (IgA) against Haemonchus contortus. The body condition score (BCS) was recorded at each visit. Six moments during the study (early, mid and late gestation; early, mid and late lactation) were considered. The ewes were classified according to FEC (mean FEC ± three standard errors). The higher FEC occurred during all lactation stages than during early and mid-gestation stages (P<0.05). PCV, PP, and BCS during early gestation stage were higher than shown during the lactation stages (P<0.01). The PEC and IgA were higher during all lactation stages than early and mid-gestation stages (P<0.05). Concerning the type of birth, double births showed higher FEC than single birth (P<0.01). The highest values of accuracy (100 %) and concordance (Youden's J = 1.0) were found during early lactation. Therefore, it is concluded that the optimal stage of production to evaluate phenotypic resistance against GIN infections in Pelibuey ewes was during the early lactation.

Genome-Wide Association Study of Parasite Resistance to Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Corriedale Sheep.

Selection of genetically resistant animals is one alternative to reduce the negative impact of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) on sheep production. The aim of this study was to identify genomic regions associated with GIN resistance in Corriedale sheep by single-step genome-wide association studies (ssGWAS) using 170, 507 and 50K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Analysis included 19,547 lambs with faecal egg counts (FEC) records, a pedigree file of 40,056 animals and 454, 711 and 383 genotypes from 170, 507 and 50K SNPs, respectively. Genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) were obtained with single-step genomic BLUP methodology (ssGBLUP), using a univariate animal model, which included contemporary group, type of birth and age of dam as class fixed effects and age at FEC recording as covariate. The SNP effects as wells as p-values were estimated with POSTGSF90 program. Significance level was defined by a chromosome-wise False Discovery Rate of 5%. Significant genomic regions were identified in chromosomes 1, 3, 12 and 19 with the 170 SNP set, in chromosomes 7, 12 and 24 using the 507 SNP chip and only in chromosome 7 with the 50K SNP chip. Candidate genes located in these regions, using Oar_v4.0 as reference genome, were TIMP3, TLR5, LEPR and TLR9 (170 SNPs), SYNDIG1L and MGRN1 (507 SNP chip) and INO80, TLN2, TSHR and EIF2AK4 (50K SNP chip). These results validate genomic regions associated with FEC previously identified in Corriedale and other breeds and report new candidate regions for further investigation.

Sustainable agriculture: the use of FAMACHA method in Santa Ines sheep in the Semi-arid region of Brazil / Agricultura sustentável: uso do método FAMACHA em ovinos Santa Inês no Semiárido do Brasil

Sheep farming is of great importance in generating income to smallholders in semi-arid areas worldwide. Gastrointestinal helminths cause important damage to the animals with poor welfare conditions, impacting in local economies. The objective of this work was to evaluate the FAMACHA method (FMC) in a herd of 60 Santa Inês from Paraíba, Brazil, and to compare the data from previous production years. In order to determine anemic sheep, FMC chart was used in biweekly evaluations for 12 months by trained personnel. Blood and fecal samples were collected monthly to determine packed cell volume (PCV), and parasite fecal egg count (FEC), respectively. The animals were divided into: dry, pregnant and lactating ewes, lambs and rams. Haemonchus was the predominant helminth genus (94.7%) during the whole year. There were up to 97% of success on the interpretation of FMC with 90 to 100% efficacy in the treatment decision. Among the 1356 evaluations, in only 40 (3%) were required deworming, being 27 during the rainy season and 13 during the long dry season. A statistically significant correlation (P < 0.01) was observed between FEC and PCV for the dry, lactating, and pregnant categories. The data reports a 94% reduction in deworming, with a greater need for anthelmintic use in lambs and lactating ewes (P < 0.05). Our data validates the use of FMC in Santa Inês sheep, which is considered a local resilient breed in the semi-arid region of Brazil. We recommend that animals should be examined during the rainy season to prevent most of the clinical problems.(AU)

A ovinocultura é de extrema importância na geração de renda para pequenos produtores de regiões semiáridas em todo o mundo. Helmintos gastrintestinais causam importantes danos a animais com precárias condições de criação, impactando nas economias locais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a utilização do método FAMACHA (FMC) em um rebanho de 60 ovinos da raça Santa Inês no estado da Paraíba, Brasil, e comparar os dados com os de anos produtivos prévios. Para detectar ovinos anêmicos, o cartão FAMACHA foi utilizado quinzenalmente por 12 meses em todos os animais por profissionais treinados. Amostras de sangue e fezes foram coletadas mensalmente para determinar o volume globular (VG) e contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), respectivamente. Os animais foram divididos em: ovelhas secas, prenhes, lactantes, cordeiros e machos reprodutores. Haemonchus foi o gênero de helminto predominante (94,7%) durante todo o ano. Houve mais de 97% de sucesso na interpretação do FMC com 90 a 100% de eficácia na decisão de tratamento. Dentre as 1356 avaliações, em apenas 40 (3%) foi necessário tratamento anti helmíntico, sendo 27 durante o período chuvoso e 13 durante o período seco. Foi observada correlação estatística significativa (P < 0,01) entre o OPG e VG para as categorias lactantes, solteiras e prenhas. Os presentes resultados validam o uso do FMC em ovinos Santa Inês, que é considerada uma raça resiliente nativa do semiárido do Brasil. Houve uma maior necessidade de uso anti-helmíntico nas categorias jovens e lactantes (P < 0,05). Os dados validaram o uso do FMC, em uma raça resiliente de ovinos no semiárido do Brasil. Recomendamos que os animais sejam examinados durante a estação chuvosa para prevenir a maioria das manifestações clínicas.(AU)

Sustainable agriculture: the use of FAMACHA method in Santa Ines sheep in the Semi-arid region of Brazil / Agricultura sustentável: uso do método FAMACHA em ovinos Santa Inês no Semiárido do Brasil

Sheep farming is of great importance in generating income to smallholders in semi-arid areas worldwide. Gastrointestinal helminths cause important damage to the animals with poor welfare conditions, impacting in local economies. The objective of this work was to evaluate the FAMACHA method (FMC) in a herd of 60 Santa Inês from Paraíba, Brazil, and to compare the data from previous production years. In order to determine anemic sheep, FMC chart was used in biweekly evaluations for 12 months by trained personnel. Blood and fecal samples were collected monthly to determine packed cell volume (PCV), and parasite fecal egg count (FEC), respectively. The animals were divided into: dry, pregnant and lactating ewes, lambs and rams. Haemonchus was the predominant helminth genus (94.7%) during the whole year. There were up to 97% of success on the interpretation of FMC with 90 to 100% efficacy in the treatment decision. Among the 1356 evaluations, in only 40 (3%) were required deworming, being 27 during the rainy season and 13 during the long dry season. A statistically significant correlation (P < 0.01) was observed between FEC and PCV for the dry, lactating, and pregnant categories. The data reports a 94% reduction in deworming, with a greater need for anthelmintic use in lambs and lactating ewes (P < 0.05). Our data validates the use of FMC in Santa Inês sheep, which is considered a local resilient breed in the semi-arid region of Brazil. We recommend that animals should be examined during the rainy season to prevent most of the clinical problems.

A ovinocultura é de extrema importância na geração de renda para pequenos produtores de regiões semiáridas em todo o mundo. Helmintos gastrintestinais causam importantes danos a animais com precárias condições de criação, impactando nas economias locais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a utilização do método FAMACHA (FMC) em um rebanho de 60 ovinos da raça Santa Inês no estado da Paraíba, Brasil, e comparar os dados com os de anos produtivos prévios. Para detectar ovinos anêmicos, o cartão FAMACHA foi utilizado quinzenalmente por 12 meses em todos os animais por profissionais treinados. Amostras de sangue e fezes foram coletadas mensalmente para determinar o volume globular (VG) e contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), respectivamente. Os animais foram divididos em: ovelhas secas, prenhes, lactantes, cordeiros e machos reprodutores. Haemonchus foi o gênero de helminto predominante (94,7%) durante todo o ano. Houve mais de 97% de sucesso na interpretação do FMC com 90 a 100% de eficácia na decisão de tratamento. Dentre as 1356 avaliações, em apenas 40 (3%) foi necessário tratamento anti helmíntico, sendo 27 durante o período chuvoso e 13 durante o período seco. Foi observada correlação estatística significativa (P < 0,01) entre o OPG e VG para as categorias lactantes, solteiras e prenhas. Os presentes resultados validam o uso do FMC em ovinos Santa Inês, que é considerada uma raça resiliente nativa do semiárido do Brasil. Houve uma maior necessidade de uso anti-helmíntico nas categorias jovens e lactantes (P < 0,05). Os dados validaram o uso do FMC, em uma raça resiliente de ovinos no semiárido do Brasil. Recomendamos que os animais sejam examinados durante a estação chuvosa para prevenir a maioria das manifestações clínicas.

Non-hierarchical cluster analysis for determination of resistance to worm infection in meat sheep.

The aim of this study was to determine the resistance to worm infection in Santa Inês sheep by combining different sets of gastrointestinal parasite resistance indicator traits, using the k-means algorithm. Records from 221 animals reared in the Mid-North sub-region of Brazil were used. The following phenotypes were used: hematocrit (HCT); white blood cell count; red blood cell count (RBC); hemoglobin (HGB); platelets; mean corpuscular hemoglobin; mean corpuscular volume; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; fecal egg count (FEC); coloration of the ocular mucosa (FAMACHA score); body condition score (BCS); withers height; and rump height. Two files with phenotypic information of animals were edited: complete, including all traits, and reduced, in which only FAMACHA score, HCT, FEC, and BCS were used. For determination of worm resistance, three groups were formed using the k-means non-hierarchical clustering by combining the traits of the complete and reduced analyses. The animals of the group in which individuals had the lowest values for FEC and FAMACHA score, as well as the highest values for HCT, RBC, HGB, and BCS were classified as resistant. In the group with opposite values for the aforementioned traits, the animals were classified as sensitive. The animals of the group with values between the other two groups were classified as moderately resistant. The results obtained in complete and reduced analyses were equivalent. Thus, it is possible to identify animals of the Santa Inês sheep breed according to their status of resistance to worm infection based on a reduced trait set.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Childhood Executive Functions Battery (CEF-B) to brazilian portuguese / Adaptação Transcultural do Protocolo FEC - funções executivas em crianças para o português brasileiro / Adaptación Transcultural del Protocolo FEN - funciones ejecutivas en niños para el portugués brasileño

This study aimed to describe the processes of translation and cross-cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of the Childhood Executive Functions Battery (CEF-B), designed to evaluate executive functions in children and adolescents from 6 to 16 years of age. Six steps were carried out to ensure the quality of the processes: 1) instrument translation into the new language; 2) synthesis of the translated versions; 3) evaluation of the synthesized version by experts; 4) evaluation by the target population; 5) back-translation and 6) pilot study. We sought to ensure the translation and adaptation properties of the CEF-B in terms of semantic, idiomatic, experiential and cultural equivalence between the instructions in the original language and the target language. Results showed preliminary evidence of cultural adequacy and a satisfactory comprehension of the instrument instructions by the target population. (AU)

Este estudo objetiva descrever os procedimentos de tradução e adaptação transcultural para o português brasileiro do Protocolo Funções Executivas em Crianças (FEC), voltado para a avaliação das funções executivas de crianças e adolescentes de 6 a 16 anos. Para garantir a qualidade do processo, foram realizadas seis etapas: 1) tradução do instrumento do idioma de origem para o idioma-alvo; 2) síntese das versões traduzidas; 3) avaliação por experts; 4) avaliação pelo público-alvo; 5) tradução reversa e 6) estudo piloto. Buscou-se assegurar as propriedades da tradução e adaptação do protocolo FEC, em termos de equivalência semântica, idiomática, experiencial e cultural entre as instruções no idioma original e no idioma-alvo. Os resultados apontaram evidências iniciais de adequação cultural e boa compreensão das instruções do instrumento pelo público-alvo. (AU)

Este estudio objetiva describir los procedimientos de traducción y adaptación transcultural del protocolo Funciones Ejecutivas en Niños (FEN) para el portugués brasileño, dirigido a la evaluación de las funciones ejecutivas de los niños y adolescentes de 6 a 16 años. Para garantizar la calidad del proceso, se realizaron 6 etapas: 1) traducción del instrumento del idioma de origen al idioma de destino; 2) síntesis de las versiones traducidas; 3) evaluación por expertos; 4) evaluación por el público objetivo; 5) traducción inversa y 6) estudio piloto. Se buscó garantizar las propiedades de la traducción y adaptación del protocolo FEN, en términos de equivalencia semántica, idiomática, experiencial y cultural entre las instrucciones en el idioma original y en el idioma de destino. Los resultados apuntaron evidencias iniciales de adecuación cultural y buena comprensión de las instrucciones del instrumento por el público objetivo. (AU)

Use of iron and bio-oil wastes to produce highly dispersed Fe/C composites for the photo-Fenton reaction.

This work describes the synthesis, characterization, and application of an active heterogeneous photo-Fenton system obtained from two different wastes, i.e., laterite (an iron mining waste) and the acid aqueous fraction (AAF) from bio-oil production. AAF with high acidity (ca. 3 molH+ L-1) and organic concentration (25 wt.%) obtained from biomass flash pyrolysis was used for the efficient extraction of Fe3+ from laterite waste. After extraction, the mixture Fe3+/AAF was dried and treated at different temperatures, i.e., 500, 650, and 800 °C, to obtain Fe/C reactive composites. Mössbauer, XRD, TG, elemental analyses, and SEM/EDS showed the presence of highly disperse Fe oxide nanoparticles at 500 and 650 °C and Fe0 particles in the material obtained at 800 °C with carbon contents varying from 74 to 80 %. The three composites were tested as heterogeneous catalysts in the photo-Fenton reaction for the oxidation of the model dye contaminant methylene blue, showing high activities at neutral pH.

Seasonal distribution of gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep in a semiarid region, northeastern Brazil / Distribuição sazonal de infecção por nematóides gastrintestinais em ovinos em área semiárida, nordeste do Brasil

The objective of this study was to determine the seasonal distribution and gastrointestinal nematode parasite load in crossbred Santa Inês tracer lambs, and to correlate the rainfall during the study period with occurrences of parasitic infections. Sixty-four male tracer lambs between the ages of four and eight months were used in the study. Two tracer lambs were inserted into the herd every 28 days to determine the pattern of infective larvae available in the environment. Variation in the fecal egg count (FEC) of nematodes was observed at the study site, with many samples containing undetectable parasite loads during the dry season. The larvae identified in coprocultures were Haemonchus sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Cooperia sp., Strongyloides sp. and Oesophagostomum sp. The nematodes recovered at necropsy were Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Cooperia punctata, C. pectinata, Trichuris sp., Oesophagostomum sp. and Skrajabinema ovis. The total number of larvae and the total number of immature and adult forms recovered from the tracers showed seasonal distributions that significantly correlated with the amount of rainfall received that month (p value ≅ 0.000 in all cases ). The species H. contortus was predominant in the herd and should be considered to be main pathogenic nematode species in these hosts under these conditions.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a distribuição sazonal e a carga parasitária de nematóides gastrintestinais em cordeiros traçadores, mestiços da raça Santa Inês, e relacionar a ocorrência dessas infecções com a variável chuva no mês. Foram utilizados 64 animais, machos, com idade variando entre quatro e oito meses. Em intervalos de 28 dias, dois traçadores foram inseridos no rebanho para determinar o padrão de disponibilidade de larvas infectantes no ambiente. Variação na contagem de ovos por grama (OPG) de nematóides foi observada no local do estudo, com alta frequência de amostras com carga parasitária indetectável no período seco. Das coproculturas foram identificadas larvas de Haemonchus sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Cooperia sp.,Strongyloides sp. e Oesophagostomum sp. Os nematóides recuperados à necropsia foram Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Cooperia punctata, C. pectinata, Trichurissp., Oesophagostomum sp. e Skrajabinema ovis. O total de larvas, de formas imaturas e de adultos recuperados dos traçadores, mostraram distribuição sazonal significativamente relacionada com a ocorrência de chuva no mês (valor-p ≅ 0,000, para todos os casos, ). A espécie H. contortus foi predominante no rebanho e deve ser considerada a espécie de nematóide mais importante nesses hospedeiros, sob as condições do estudo.

Seasonal distribution of gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep in a semiarid region, northeastern Brazil

The objective of this study was to determine the seasonal distribution and gastrointestinal nematode parasite load in crossbred Santa Inês tracer lambs, and to correlate the rainfall during the study period with occurrences of parasitic infections. Sixty-four male tracer lambs between the ages of four and eight months were used in the study. Two tracer lambs were inserted into the herd every 28 days to determine the pattern of infective larvae available in the environment. Variation in the fecal egg count (FEC) of nematodes was observed at the study site, with many samples containing undetectable parasite loads during the dry season. The larvae identified in coprocultures wereHaemonchus sp., Trichostrongylus sp.,Cooperia sp., Strongyloides sp. andOesophagostomum sp. The nematodes recovered at necropsy were Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Cooperia punctata, C. pectinata, Trichuris sp.,Oesophagostomum sp. and Skrajabinema ovis. The total number of larvae and the total number of immature and adult forms recovered from the tracers showed seasonal distributions that significantly correlated with the amount of rainfall received that month (p value 0.000 in all cases ). The species H. contortus was predominant in the herd and should be considered to be main pathogenic nematode species in these hosts under these conditions.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a distribuição sazonal e a carga parasitária de nematóides gastrintestinais em cordeiros traçadores, mestiços da raça Santa Inês, e relacionar a ocorrência dessas infecções com a variável chuva no mês. Foram utilizados 64 animais, machos, com idade variando entre quatro e oito meses. Em intervalos de 28 dias, dois traçadores foram inseridos no rebanho para determinar o padrão de disponibilidade de larvas infectantes no ambiente. Variação na contagem de ovos por grama (OPG) de nematóides foi observada no local do estudo, com alta frequência de amostras com carga parasitária indetectável no período seco. Das coproculturas foram identificadas larvas de Haemonchus sp.,Trichostrongylus sp., Cooperia sp.,Strongyloides sp. e Oesophagostomum sp. Os nematóides recuperados à necropsia foram Haemonchus contortus,Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Cooperia punctata, C. pectinata, Trichurissp., Oesophagostomum sp. e Skrajabinema ovis. O total de larvas, de formas imaturas e de adultos recuperados dos traçadores, mostraram distribuição sazonal significativamente relacionada com a ocorrência de chuva no mês (valor-p 0,000, para todos os casos, ). A espécie H. contortus foi predominante no rebanho e deve ser considerada a espécie de nematóide mais importante nesses hospedeiros, sob as condições do estudo.

Método FAMACHA©, escore corporal e de diarreia como indicadores de tratamento anti-helmíntico seletivo de ovelhas em reprodução / FAMACHA© system, body condition score and diarrhea score as indicators for the targeted selective anthelmintic treatment of breeding ewes

As parasitoses gastrintestinais constituem o principal entrave sanitário à ovinocaprinocultura, principalmente devido à resistência aos anti-helmínticos. Uma das formas de limitar a progressão da resistência aos fármacos é evitar a sua utilização em lotes ou rebanhos inteiros, restringindo seu uso aos animais que necessitam tratamento (tratamento seletivo). O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o uso dos escores corporal (EC) e de diarreia (ED) como indicadores do tratamento seletivo em ovinos, em comparação com o método FAMACHA© (GF) e indicadores laboratoriais de parasitismo. Foram acompanhadas quinzenalmente 15 ovelhas em lactação (agosto-novembro 2009) e após o desmame (dezembro 2009 ­ fevereiro de 2010) pelo GF, EC, ED, e análises laboratoriais para determinação do hematócrito (HT), proteínas plasmáticas totais (PPT) e contagem de ovos de helmintos por grama de fezes (OPG). A média de OPG se manteve estável, exceto no segundo mês de lactação (média 6057,69 OPG). Durante todo o acompanhamento, o GF foi moderadamente correlacionado ao OPG (0,37); EC (-0,32); PPT (-0,34) e HT (-0,54). Para o EC, os valores de correlação com o OPG foram de -0,35; -0,32 com GF; 0,45 com PPT e de 0,50 com HT. O ED não se mostrou um bom indicador indireto de verminose, pois não foi obtida nenhuma correlação significativa com as outras variáveis estudadas. Como o escore corporal foi correlacionado às variáveis laboratoriais em índices semelhantes aos obtidos pelo método FAMACHA© , seu uso é sugerido como ferramenta adicional de tratamento seletivo para ovelhas em lactação e nos meses subsequentes ao desmame.

The gastrointestinal parasitic infections constitute the main obstacle to the health of sheep and goat, mainly due to anthelmintic resistance. An alternative to limit the progression of drug resistance is to avoid to deworm the hole heard or group, treating individually only those animals that require so (selective treatment). The goal of this work was to study the condition score (BS) and the diarrhea score (DS) as indicators of selective treatment in sheep, in comparison to the FAMACHA© system (EF) and to laboratory analyses that indicate parasitism. Fifteen lactating (Aug.- Nov. 2009) or post weaning (Dez. 2009- Feb.2010) ewes were sampled fortnightly for EF, BS, DS and also for the laboratorial analysis to determine packed cell value (PCV/HT), total plasma protein fraction (TPP) and faecal egg counts (FEC/OPG). The mean FEC remained stable except in the second month of lactation period (average 6057.69 EPG). Throughout the monitoring, the GF was moderately correlated with FEC (0.37), BS (-0.32), TPP (-0.34) and PCV (-0.54). For the BS, the value of correlation with FEC was -0.35, -0.32 to GF; 0.45 to TPP and 0.50 to PCV. The DS was not a good indicator of parasite infection, because there was no significant correlation obtained with the other variables. As the body condition score was correlated to the laboratory variables in similar indices of the FAMACHA© system, we suggest the its use as an additional tool of selective treatment for ewes during lactation period and after weaning.

Comparación de la actividad de 2 factores estimuladores de colonias de granulocitos de producción nacional: Hebervital y Leukocim / Comparison of the activity of 2 domestic- production factors for granulocyte colonies: Hebervital and Leukocim

En 35 pacientes que debían recibir terapia celular regenerativa se evaluó el efecto estimulante de 2 factores estimuladores de colonias de granulocitos de producción cubana: Hebervital y Leukocim, para la movilización de células madre hematopoyéticas hacia la sangre periférica. Los pacientes se seleccionaron de forma aleatoria en 2 grupos de tratamiento y se les suministró por vía subcutánea una dosis total de 40 mg/kg distribuidos en 4 subdosis de 10 mg/kg administrados cada 12 horas. Se realizó el conteo de las células mononucleares y células CD34+ en sangre periférica mediante citometría de flujo, antes y después de la estimulación. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los conteos de las células CD34+ obtenidas posestimulación con el Hebervital y el Leukocim(AU)

In 35 patients who should have received regenerative cell therapy, it was evaluated the effect of 2 domestic production granulocyte colony stimulating factors: Leukocim and Hebervital for the mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells into peripheral blood. Patients were randomly selected into 2 treatment groups and were given a total dose of 40 mg/kg in 4 sub-doses of 10 mg/kg subcutaneously administered every 12 hours. Count was performed for mononuclear cells and CD34+ cells in peripheral blood by flow cytometry before and after stimulation. There were no statistically significant differences in the counts of CD34+ cells obtained after stimulation with Hebervital and Leukocim(AU)

Comparación de la actividad de 2 factores estimuladores de colonias de granulocitos de producción nacional: Hebervital y Leukocim / Comparison of the activity of 2 domestic- production factors for granulocyte colonies: Hebervital and Leukocim

En 35 pacientes que debían recibir terapia celular regenerativa se evaluó el efecto estimulante de 2 factores estimuladores de colonias de granulocitos de producción cubana: Hebervital y Leukocim, para la movilización de células madre hematopoyéticas hacia la sangre periférica. Los pacientes se seleccionaron de forma aleatoria en 2 grupos de tratamiento y se les suministró por vía subcutánea una dosis total de 40 mg/kg distribuidos en 4 subdosis de 10 mg/kg administrados cada 12 horas. Se realizó el conteo de las células mononucleares y células CD34+ en sangre periférica mediante citometría de flujo, antes y después de la estimulación. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los conteos de las células CD34+ obtenidas posestimulación con el Hebervital y el Leukocim

In 35 patients who should have received regenerative cell therapy, it was evaluated the effect of 2 domestic production granulocyte colony stimulating factors: Leukocim and Hebervital for the mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells into peripheral blood. Patients were randomly selected into 2 treatment groups and were given a total dose of 40 mg/kg in 4 sub-doses of 10 mg/kg subcutaneously administered every 12 hours. Count was performed for mononuclear cells and CD34+ cells in peripheral blood by flow cytometry before and after stimulation. There were no statistically significant differences in the counts of CD34+ cells obtained after stimulation with Hebervital and Leukocim

Utilização do método Famacha no diagnóstico clínico individual de haemoncose em ovinos no Sudoeste do Estado de Minas Gerais / Utilization of the Famacha method in individual clinic diagnostic of haemonchosis in sheep of south-west of Minas Gerais State

O objetivo deste estudo foi observar a eficácia do método Famacha no diagnóstico clínico individual de haemoncose em ovinos provenientes do Sudoeste de Minas Gerais. Cinquenta ovelhas mestiças Santa Inês foram avaliadas durante 5 meses quanto à coloração da mucosa conjuntiva (método Famacha), volume globular (VG), ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), escore corporal e alterações clínicas. O escore Famacha observado variou de 1 a 3; o escore corporal de 2 a 5; o VG de 20 a 47 por cento; e o OPG de 0 a 7.750. As correlações entre os parâmetros avaliados, exceto Famacha com escore corporal, foram altamente significativas (P < 0,0001). O principal gênero identificado nas coproculturas foi Haemonchus (87 a 100 por cento do total de larvas, ± 93,5 por cento). Constatou-se redução de 87,33 por cento na utilização de anti-helmínticos na propriedade. Conclui-se que o método Famacha, associado a outros métodos de diagnóstico, é ferramenta útil na detecção da haemoncose em ovinos.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Famacha method in individual clinical diagnosis of haemonchosis in sheep from the south-west of Minas Gerais. Fifty crossbred Santa Inês ewes were evaluated during 5 months as for conjunctival mucous colour (Famacha method), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Faecal Egg Counts (FEC), body score and clinic alterations. The score Famacha observed was from 1 to 3, the body score from 2 to 5, the PCV from 20 to 47 percent, and FEC from 0 to 7,750. The correlations between the parameters evaluated, except Famacha with body score, were highly significant (P < 0.0001). The main genus identified in the coprocultures was Haemonchus (87 - 100 percent of total larvae, ± 93.5 percent). We observed reduction of 87.33 percent in the use of anthelmintics on the property. It was concluded that the Famacha method, associated with other diagnostic methods, is a useful tool to detect hemonchosis in sheep.

Utilização do método Famacha no diagnóstico clínico individual de haemoncose em ovinos no Sudoeste do Estado de Minas Gerais

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Famacha method in individual clinical diagnosis of haemonchosis in sheep from the south-west of Minas Gerais. Fifty crossbred Santa Inês ewes were evaluated during 5 months as for conjunctival mucous colour (Famacha method), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Faecal Egg Counts (FEC), body score and clinic alterations. The score Famacha observed was from 1 to 3, the body score from 2 to 5, the PCV from 20 to 47%, and FEC from 0 to 7,750. The correlations between the parameters evaluated, except Famacha with body score, were highly significant (P 0.0001). The main genus identified in the coprocultures was Haemonchus (87 - 100% of total larvae, ± 93.5%). We observed reduction of 87.33% in the use of anthelmintics on the property. It was concluded that the Famacha method, associated with other diagnostic methods, is a useful tool to detect hemonchosis in sheep.

O objetivo deste estudo foi observar a eficácia do método Famacha no diagnóstico clínico individual de haemoncose em ovinos provenientes do Sudoeste de Minas Gerais. Cinquenta ovelhas mestiças Santa Inês foram avaliadas durante 5 meses quanto à coloração da mucosa conjuntiva (método Famacha), volume globular (VG), ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), escore corporal e alterações clínicas. O escore Famacha observado variou de 1 a 3; o escore corporal de 2 a 5; o VG de 20 a 47%; e o OPG de 0 a 7.750. As correlações entre os parâmetros avaliados, exceto Famacha com escore corporal, foram altamente significativas (P 0,0001). O principal gênero identificado nas coproculturas foi Haemonchus (87 a 100% do total de larvas, ± 93,5%). Constatou-se redução de 87,33% na utilização de anti-helmínticos na propriedade. Conclui-se que o método Famacha, associado a outros métodos de diagnóstico, é ferramenta útil na detecção da haemoncose em ovinos.

Avaliação do kit “TF-Test” para o diagnóstico das infecções por parasitas gastrintestinais em ovinos / The evaluation of “TF-Test” kit for diagnosis of gastrointestinal parasiteinfections in sheep

Este estudo teve como objetivos padronizar o kit TF-Test para a quantificação de ovos de parasitas gastrintestinais de ovinos e compará-lo ao método de Gordon & Whitlock modificado (G&W). Vinte quatro cordeiros confinados foram infectados artificialmente com Haemonchus contortus, durante 12 semanas, até o abate, quando foram colhidas amostras fecais e realizada a identificação e contagem dos parasitas abomasais. Nestes animais, ovos de H. contortus foram detectados em 95,8% das amostras fecais por ambos os testes (P>0,05). Os coeficientes de correlação (r) entre a carga parasitária (CP) e os valores de OPG obtidos pelos métodos de G&W e TF-Test foram, respectivamente, de r=0,52 e r=0,51 (dados não transformados) e r=0,85 e r=0,87 (dados transformados em log). Outras 100 amostras fecais foram colhidas de ovinos naturalmente infectados. Nas amostras destes animais, os testes G&W e TF-Test propiciaram o diagnóstico de ovos de estrongilídeos em 85% e 86% das amostras, respectivamente (P>0,05). Pelo TF-Test e pelo G&W, oocistos de Eimeria foram detectados em 33% e em 12% das amostras (P<0,001) e ovos de Strongyloides spp. em 15% e 5% das amostras, respectivamente (P<0,05). Ambos os testes foram precisos para o diagnóstico de estrongilídeos gastrintestinais, porém, o TF-Test foi superior para o diagnóstico de oocistos de Eimeria spp. e de ovos de Strongyloides spp., mas, por outro lado, subestimou o número de ovos de estrongilídeos presente nas amostras.(AU)

This study was performed to standardize parasite egg counting in feces of sheep by TF- Test, in addition to compare this test to the Gordon & Whitlock technique (G&W). Twenty-four lambs were artificially infected with Haemonchus contortus throughout 12 weeks. At the end of this time, faecal samples were taken and animals were slaughtered for worm identification and counting. G&W and TF-Test methods were carried out on each fecal sample. Both tests showed Haemonchus eggs in 95.8% of the samples (P>0.05). The corre1ation coefficients (r) between fecal egg counts (FEC) using G&W x Total Worm Count (TWC) were r=0.52 (not transformed data) and r=0.85 (transformed data); between FEC by TF-Test x TWC were r=0.51 (not transformed data) and r=0.87 (transformed data). Other 100 fecal samples were taken from naturally infected sheep. In these animals, the G&W and TF-Test methods showed 85% and 86% of fecal samples positive for Strongylidea eggs, respectively (P>0.05). Also in those animals, Eimeria oocysts were found in 33% of fecal samples by TF-Test, whereas in the G&W only 12% were positive (P<0.001). For Strongyloides spp., TF-Test showed 15% of positive fecal samples, whereas G&W showed 5% (P<0.05). In conclusion, both methods were efficient to diagnose gastrointestinal nematodes and TF-Test was superior to diagnose oocysts of Eimeria spp. and eggs of Strongyloides spp; conversely, Strongylidea eggs counting using TF-Test was underestimated.(AU)