Factores que influyen en el comportamiento de adherencia del paciente con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 / Factors influencing adherence behavior of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus / Fatores influenciadores do comportamento de adesao do doente com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 / Les facteurs influençant le comportement d'adhérence des patients atteints de diabète de type 2

Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar los factores que influyen en el comportamiento de Adherencia al tratamiento del paciente con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, en la Unidad de Especialidades de Enfermedades Crónicas en Villahermosa, en un periodo de 6 meses en el año 2018. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, observacional, corte transversal y prospectivo, muestra de 106 pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 en la Unidad de Especialidades de Enfermedades Crónicas (UNEMEs Ec), en Villahermosa Tabasco. Resultados: Predomina el género femenino con 68 %; el rango de edad es de 51 a 55 años con 19.8 %. En cuanto al nivel de escolaridad 70.8% con primaria y 66 % se dedican a las labores del hogar. En cuanto a los factores que influyen en el comportamiento de adherencia, 88 % lo están con el paciente y 77% con el proveedor; 56 % coinciden en que el factor socioeconómico a veces influye y 49 % refieren que los relacionados con la terapia nunca influyen. En cuanto al comportamiento de adherencia, 47 % refieren tener ventaja para adherencia, 41 % en riesgo de no desarrollar comportamientos de adherencia y el nivel de conocimientos de los pacientes, fue intermedio en 49.1 %. Conclusiones: La población estudiada tiene riesgo de no desarrollar comportamientos de adherencia y cuentan con un nivel de conocimientos intermedio, lo cual implica la necesidad de valorar la intervención psicológica, así como el proceso de enseñanza del paciente, para impactar y/o reorientarlos hacia una mayor adherencia como elemento importante en su beneficio.

Summary: Objective: Analyze the factors that influence the behavior of Adherence to the treatment of the patient with Diabetes Mellitus type 2, in the Unit of Specialties of Chronic Diseases in Villahermosa, over a period of 6 months in 2018. Materials and methods: A quantitative, observational, cross-sectional and prospective study was carried out, with a sample of 106 patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 in the Unit of Specialties of Chronic Diseases (UNEMEs Ec), in Villahermosa Tabasco. Results: The female gender predominates with 68%; the age range is 51 to 55 years with 19.8%. Regarding the level of schooling, 70.8% have primary education and 66% are dedicated to housework. Regarding the factors that influence the adherence behavior, 88% are with the patient and 77% with the provider; 56% agree that the socioeconomic factor sometimes influences and 49% report that those related to therapy never influence. Regarding the adherence behavior, 47% reported having an advantage for adherence, 41% at risk of not developing adherence behaviors and the level of knowledge of the patients, was intermediate in 49.1%. Conclusions: The population studied has risk of not developing adherence behaviors and have an intermediate level of knowledge, which implies the need to assess the psychological intervention, as well as the patient's teaching process, to impact and / or reorient them towards greater adherence as an important element in their benefit.

Resumo: Objetivo: Analisar os fatores que influenciam o comportamento de adesão ao tratamento de doentes com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2, na Unidade de Cuidados de Especialidades Doenças Crónicas em Villahermosa, durante um período de 6 meses em 2018. Materiais e Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo quantitativo, de observado, de coorte transversal e prospetivo, amostra de 106 doentes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 na Unidade de Cuidados de Especialidades de doenças crónicas (UNEMES Ec), em Villahermosa. Resultados: 68% da amostra é do sexo feminino, as idades são compreendidas entre 51 e 55 anos (19,8%). 70,8% da amostra apresenta como grau de escolaridade o ensino básico e 66% são trabalhadoras domésticas. Em relação aos fatores que influenciam o comportamento de adesão, 88% estão relacionados com o doente e 77% relacionados com o provedor de cuidados, 56% concordam que os fatores socioeconómicos influenciam por vezes essa adesão e 49% referem que os relacionados com a terapêutica não influenciam. Em relação à adesão, 47% relataram as vantagens da adesão e 41% os riscos de não desenvolver comportamentos de adesão. O nível de conhecimento dos doentes foi considerado intermediário com 49,1%. Conclusões: La population étudiée est á risque de ne pas développer de comportement d'observance et posséde un niveau de connaissance intermédiaire, ce qui implique la nécessité d'évaluer l'intervention psychologique, ainsi que le processus d'enseignement du patient, de les influencer et / ou de les réorienter vers une plus grande adhésion en tant qu'élément important de leur bénéfice.

Résumé: Objectif: Analyser les facteurs qui influencent sur le comportement de l'adhérence au traitement du patient diabétique de type 2, dans l'unité des spécialités des maladies chroniques á Villahermosa, sur une période de 6 mois en 2018. Matériels et méthodes: Une étude quantitative, observationnelle, transversale et prospective a été réalisée. Avec un échantillon de 106 patients atteints de diabéte sucré de type 2 de l'Unité des spécialités de maladies chroniques (UNEMEs Ec) á Villahermosa Tabasco. Résultats: Le sexe féminin predomine avec 68%; la tranche d'áge est de 51 á 55 ans avec 19,8%. En ce qui concerne le niveau de scolarité, 70,8% ont suivi un enseignement primaire et 66% sont consacrés aux travaux ménagers. En ce qui concerne les facteurs qui influencent le comportement d'adhésion, 88% sont avec le patient et 77% avec le prestataire; 56% sont d'accord pour dire que le facteur socio-économique influence parfois et 49% affirment que ceux liés á la thérapie n'influencent jamais. En ce qui concerne le comportement d'adhérence, 47% ont déclaré avoir un avantage pour l'observance, 41% á risque de ne pas développer de comportements d'adhésion et le niveau de connaissance des patients était intermédiaire chez 49,1%. Conclusions: plus de la moitié de la population étudiée est á risque de ne pas développer de comportement d'observance et posséde un niveau de connaissance intermédiaire, ce qui implique la nécessité d'évaluer l'intervention psychologique, ainsi que le processus d'enseignement du patient, de les influencer et / ou de les réorienter vers une plus grande adhésion en tant qu'élément important de leur bénéfice.

O Grupo de Suporte como espaço promotor de holding para mulheres com câncer de mama / The Suport Group as a holding promoter for women with breast cancer / Le Groupe de Soutien comme espace promoteur de holding pour des femmes ayant un cancer du sein / El Grupo de Apoyo como un espacio de promoción de sostén (holding) entre mujeres con cáncer de mama

Fundamentado na psicanálise e no conceito de suporte social, este trabalho busca explorar as repercussões psíquicas do adoecimento de mulheres com câncer de mama e o potencial de reintegração do Grupo de Suporte. Os resultados apontam para o fortalecimento das defesas psicossomáticas, através dos vínculos estabelecidos no Grupo, considerado um espaço promotor de holding, por propiciar suporte social, compartilhamento de sentimentos e melhor integração entre psíquico e somático, possibilitando a reinserção social e o enfrentamento da doença.

Anchored on psychoanalysis and on the concept of social support, this paper aims to explore the psychic repercussions of the illness of women with breast cancer and the reintegration potential by the Support Group. The results point to the strengthening of the women's psychosomatic defenses, by means of the ties created in the Group, regarded as a space that promotes holding, by providing social support, sharing of feelings and better psychological and somatic integration, making social reintegration and the confrontation of the disease possible.

Sur la base de la psychanalyse et du concept de soutien social, ce travail vise à explorer les répercussions psychologiques de la maladie des femmes atteintes du cancer du sein et de la réinsertion potentielle du Groupe de Soutien. Les résultats indiquent un renforcement des défenses psychosomatiques à travers des liens établis au sein du groupe, considéré comme un espace promoteur de maintien, pour apporter un soutien social, partage de sentiments et une meilleure intégration entre le psychique et le somatique, rendant ainsi possible la réinsertion sociale et la lutte contre la maladie.

Basado en el psicoanálisis y en el concepto de apoyo social, este trabajo pretende explorar las repercusiones psíquicas, entre las mujeres, repercusiones provenientes del diagnóstico de cáncer de mama, y el potencial de reintegración del Grupo de Apoyo. Los resultados apuntan al fortalecimiento de las defensas psicosomáticas de las mujeres, a través de los vínculos establecidos dentro del Grupo, que es considerado un espacio que promueve el sostén (holding) al proporcionar apoyo social, permitir compartir sentimientos y promover una mejor integración entre lo psíquico y lo somático, haciendo posible la reintegración social y el manejo de la enfermedad.

Basierend auf die Psychoanalyse und auf das Konzept der sozialen Unterstützung, zielt diese Arbeit darauf ab, die psychischen Auswirkungen der Erkrankung bei Frauen mit Brustkrebs und das Wiedereingliederungspotential einer Unterstützungsgruppe zu erforschen. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die psychosomatische Widerstandskraft der Frauen durch die in der Gruppe geknüpften Verhältnisse gestärkt wurde. Die Gruppe wird als Raum beschrieben, der das Holding fördert, da sie soziale Unterstützung leistet, es erlaubt Gefühle zu teilen, die Integration psychologischer und somatischer Aspekte fördert, die soziale Wiedereingliederung ermöglicht und den Patientinnen hilft, die Krankheit zu konfrontieren.

Psychosocial Constructs as Possible Moderators of Self-Reported Driving Restrictions.

To date, associations between psychosocial driving variables and behaviour have been examined only cross-sectionally. Using three waves of data collected annually from 928 older drivers (mean age = 76.21 years; 62% male) enrolled in the Candrive II cohort, we examined in this study whether changes in attitudes and perceptions towards driving (decisional balance and day and night driving comfort) were associated with changes in older adults' reported restrictions in driving practices and perceived driving abilities. Multi-level models revealed that older adults who showed an increase in negative attitudes towards driving over time were more likely to report more-restricted practices (greater avoidance of challenging driving situations) and perceived declines in driving abilities compared to individuals whose attitudes towards driving remained stable across two years. This work supports previous findings and offers a new understanding of how attitudes relate to driving perceptions (e.g., comfort) and self-regulation in older adults over time.

[Burnout and psychosocial risk factors in the career of flight attendants: Descriptive study of a population of Lebanese flight attendants]. / Le syndrome d'épuisement professionnel et les facteurs de risques psychosociaux spécifiques au métier des personnels navigants commerciaux libanais, en comparaison avec un groupe témoin.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of demographic factors (gender and age), work related factors (the position and years of practice) and psychosocial risk factors (cognitive demands, demands to hide emotions, work-family conflict, offensive behaviors…) on the development of burnout among flight attendants, and the nature of psychosocial factors to which they are exposed. METHODS: The sample was divided into two groups: 67 flight attendants and 67 persons in various jobs. Our sampling units were informed and consented to fill in two questionnaires: the Copenhagen burnout inventory (CBI) and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ II). RESULTS: The burnout syndrome affected both groups equally. It affected equally the women as well as men, whatever their age categories and their years of experience. The flight attendants occupying an intermediate position in the hierarchy had the highest score on the burnout syndrome. The psychosocial factors significantly found in flight attendants compared to the control group were: demands for hiding emotions, quantitative demands, emotional demands, temporal demands, lack of influence at work, of rewards, of possibility for development and variation of work, poor quality of leadership, exposure to sexual harassment, lack of social support from supervisors, colleagues, social community at work and work-family conflict. Four of them correlated positively with the development of burnout: quantitative demands, temporal demands, emotional demands and work-family conflict. Their expected work volume is very high (quantitative demands). They have to perform their tasks quickly in a limited time without forgetting the technical constraints (temporal demands). They have to work with an average of three hundred passengers besides colleagues and subordinates, which requires diligent control of the emotions promoted by the airline code of conduct based on repression of emotions (emotional demands). These demands affect the workers once they find themselves in their family environment and can have a negative effect on their private life (work-family conflict). However, the predictability seems to allow them to be aware of decisions and changes and protect them against burnout. CONCLUSION: The profession of flight attendants appears to be characterized by some psychosocial risk factors, some of which are positively correlated with burnout. Improved working conditions can prevent these risks and protect these employees from burnout.

Adolescents, parents and physicians: a comparison of perspectives on type 1 diabetes self-care.

OBJECTIVE: No research to date has compared the beliefs of adolescents, parents and physicians with respect to type 1 diabetes mellitus self-care perceptions and barriers. This study examined how adolescents with type 1 diabetes, their parents and physicians perceive 4 key diabetes self-care behaviours (testing blood glucose, taking insulin, exercise and diet) and what influences those behaviours. METHOD: Forty-eight adolescent/parent dyads and 21 pediatric endocrinologists rated importance, difficulty and proficiency for 4 self-care behaviours, and provided up to 5 perceived influences on these behaviours. We compared adolescents to parents and families to physicians. RESULTS: Groups rated all self-care behaviours as important, with taking insulin as most important. Families rated behaviours as relatively easy compared to physicians. All groups agreed that diet was both the most difficult self-care behaviour and the behaviour at which adolescents were least proficient. Although families rated teens as proficient overall, physicians disagreed. Adolescent and parent perception of diet difficulty was related to poorer glycemic control, and blood glucose testing and insulin administration proficiency were linked to better glycemic control. Compared to other groups, teens were especially likely to mention internal and hindering influences, and more likely to mention other people as negative influences. CONCLUSIONS: Although all groups agreed that all self-care behaviours are important, there are key areas of discrepancy in perceptions, particularly between families and physicians. Further research should connect the beliefs examined in this study to actual self-care behaviours.