Significant others in inflammatory arthritis: roles, influences, and challenges-a scoping review.

Improving self-management in individuals with inflammatory arthritis (IA) is crucial for effective disease management. However, current recommendations primarily focus on interventions for the diagnosed individuals, overlooking the potential impact of their significant others on their self-management abilities. This review aims to fill this gap by identifying and mapping relevant research employing both qualitative and quantitative design to provide a broader understanding of the potential of significant others in relation to IA management. We examined studies published from 2007 to 2024 that explore our research questions using electronic databases and grey literature searches. Two independent reviewers meticulously screened and categorized the studies based on a developed framework employing basic content analysis. Out of 20.925 studies, 43 were included: 22 quantitative studies (including 1 educational trial), 20 qualitative studies, and 1 mixed-methods study. Our analysis of the included studies revealed that significant others predominantly provided practical and emotional support and could positively or negatively influence the person with IAs self-management abilities. Additionally, significant others reported their own feelings of emotional distress and expressed the need for knowledge, skills and social support enabling them to provide better support while taking care of them self. Greater focus on the significant others of those diagnosed with IA in their provision of support to this patient group may both improve the people with IA self-management skills and address significant others' reported needs. Future studies should explore the impact of such initiatives through randomized controlled trials.

EMpowerment of PArents in THe Intensive Care: A multicentre validation study in Japan.

BACKGROUND: The importance of assessing family satisfaction in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) is becoming increasingly recognised. The survey, EMpowerment of Parents in THe Intensive Care "EMPATHIC-30", was designed to assess family satisfaction and has been translated and implemented in several countries but not yet in Japan. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the EMPATHIC-30 questionnaire in Japanese and to identify potential factors for family-centred care satisfaction. METHODS: We translated and adapted for patient-reported outcome measures via a 10-step process outlined by the Principles of Good Practice. Four paediatric PICUs in Japan participated in the validation study, and the parental enrolment criterion was a child with a PICU stay of >24 h. Reliability was measured by Cronbach's α, and congruent validity was tested with overall satisfaction-with-care scales by correlation analysis. Multivariate linear regression modelling was conducted to identify factors related to each domain of the Japanese EMPATHIC-30. RESULTS: A total of 163 parents (mean age: 31.9 ± 5.4 years; 81% were mothers) participated. The five domains of the Japanese EMPATHIC-30 showed high reliability (α = 0.87 to 0.97) and congruent validity, demonstrating high correlations with overall satisfaction in nurses (r = 0.75) and doctors (r = 0.76). Multivariate modelling found that elective admission, mechanical ventilation, and parents who had experience of a family member in an adult intensive care unit had higher satisfaction scores in all five domains (p < 0.05). Moreover, Buddhists assigned higher satisfaction scores in the Care and Treatment domain (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The Japanese EMPATHIC-30 questionnaire has demonstrated adequate reliability and validity measures. We also identified that elective admission, mechanical ventilation, and having previous adult intensive care unit experience of a family member were factors in assigning higher scores for all satisfaction domains. PICU clinicians need to be cognisant of ethical, cultural, and religious factors relating to the critically ill child and their family.

Contents and effectiveness of patient- and family-centred care interventions in adult intensive care units: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The need and values of patient- and family-centred care (PFCC) have been globally increasing in the health care landscape. However, the concept of PFCC and the components in adult intensive care units (ICUs) remain wide-ranging. AIM: To elucidate the core concepts of PFCC interventions and evaluate the effects of the interventions in adult ICUs. STUDY DESIGN: We searched electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Central, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, RISS, KMbase and KoreaMed) from inception to 20 June 2022, for all studies on PFCC interventions. Three authors independently conducted data screening and extraction. The core concepts and the effects of PFCC interventions in adult ICUs were examined. The effects of patient- and family-centred care interventions in adult ICUs were examined. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS: Overall, 3507 records were identified, and 14 full-text articles were assessed. Participants in the included studies were patients and/or their family members in adult ICUs. The main concepts of the studies were participation and information-sharing. Only two studies used collaboration as the main concept of intervention. PFCC interventions have shown positive outcomes for patients, including increased satisfaction, improvement of patient health status and reduced incidence of complications. They have also been beneficial for families, leading to higher satisfaction levels and decreased anxiety. Additionally, these interventions have positively impacted health care providers by enhancing satisfaction and improving rounding efficiency. Moreover, they have influenced health care utilization by decreasing hospital costs and length of stay. CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights the advantages of PFCC interventions for patients, families and health care providers in adult ICUs. Future research should focus on developing strategies to incorporate collaboration more comprehensively as a core concept in the implementation of PFCC interventions. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Future research endeavours must prioritize collaborative efforts involving health care providers, patients and their families by deploying an array of strategies within the intensive care unit setting.

Specialist early parenting intervention: Effectiveness of a novel nurse-led approach for rural families.

BACKGROUND: Rural Australian families report lower access to specialist early parenting services than urban families. To address the early parenting needs of rural families with children aged 0-3, a novel specialist-nursing early parenting service, Tresillian To You, was implemented for five rural communities in New South Wales, Australia. This study aimed to investigate the initial impact and reach of the service. METHODS: Convenience sampling was used to recruit 36 parents who attended the service. Of these, 34 completed structured pre-and-post intervention phone interviews. Additional data were collected from the parent and child health record. Data were imported into SPSS for descriptive and inferential data analysis. FINDINGS: All parent participants were mothers, with a mean age of 31.5 (SD 4.582). Sleep and settling was the primary reason for referral (78%, n = 28). Following service engagement, statistically significant improvements were seen in parent adjustment (95% CI = -1.71, -0.52, p < .001), parent comprehensibility (95% CI = -1.81, -0.42, p = .003), and parent perception of child sleep (95% CI = 16.3, 34.9, p < .001). Families from non-target communities (n = 15) reported a higher level of need at baseline, compared with families from target rural communities (n = 21). Following service engagement, a similar level of benefit was reported between both groups. DISCUSSION: Preliminary evidence suggests that this new service may be an effective method of providing specialist early parenting intervention for families in rural communities. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The provision of effective nurse-led specialist early child and family interventions may help to alleviate early parenting difficulty for rural families, leading to improvements in child and family outcomes.

Nurses' attitudes to family importance in nursing care: A two-sited cross-sectional study.

AIM: This study aimed to describe nurses' attitudes and beliefs towards the importance of family in nursing care and explore differences in nurses' attitudes and beliefs towards family-centered care between different healthcare institutions, such as community healthcare centers and hospitals. BACKGROUND: Family significantly affects the well-being and health of individuals. Therefore, nurses should support family engagement in nursing care. In recent years, family nursing research has emphasized the importance of teaching family nursing skills in continued education in healthcare institutions. Research has indicated that nurses who believe that illness concerns the family as a whole are more likely to involve the family in patient care. DESIGN: A cross-sectional research design was used. METHOD: Data were collected at one timepoint between March and September 2019 from 425 nurses working at the Primary Health Care Centers of the Capital Area (n=112) and in clinical settings at the University Hospital in Iceland (n=313). RESULTS: The main findings indicated that nurses working in the women-and-child division at the University Hospital reported significantly more positive attitudes towards family evolvement in patient care than nurses working in the intensive care or surgical units. For nurses working at healthcare centers, a significant difference was also found in the nurses' attitudes towards involving families in patient care. The nurses who were working in home care had significantly more positive attitudes when compared to those working in the infant and young children health promotion units. CONCLUSIONS: Greater collaboration is required between healthcare providers and families to improve the quality of care and health-related outcomes. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance nurses' knowledge about the importance of families during patient care. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: This study aimed to describe nurses' attitudes and beliefs towards family care. Differences were found between nurse's attitudes by units but not by institutions.

Parents' perceptions of care quality at child health centres: A cross-sectional study from Sweden.

AIM: To examine parents' perceptions of care quality at child health centres. Specific objectives were to examine parents' perceptions of the care received and the subjective importance of such care. Furthermore, to examine the relationship between parents' sociodemographic characteristics and the perceptions of care quality. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: A random sample of parents of children born in Sweden in 2021 participated. Data were collected by the QPP-CHC questionnaire and analysed using descriptive and analytical statistics. RESULTS: The response rate was 19.4%. The targeted sample size of 210 participants was reached as 584 parents responded to the questionnaire. Parents' overall ratings of care quality at child health centres indicated optimal quality with mean values >3. However, various potential improvements areas were identified as needing additional information. These included dental care (m = 2.82), allergy prevention (m = 2.25), breastfeeding (m = 2.97), sleep (m = 2.83), the child's behaviour (m = 2.47) and the child's crying (m = 2.47). Also, parents rated suboptimal quality regarding that the care was based on healthcare routines rather than parental preferences and needs (m = 2.86). Parents born outside of the Nordic countries rated higher care quality than those born in the Nordic countries, as well as parents with a non-academic education. CONCLUSION: Parents want information based on their preferences and needs. Parent's perceptions of areas for improvement are new and important knowledge for registered nurses at child health centres. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: The findings indicate that parents feel that insufficient attention is given to areas of care that they perceive as important. Parents' perspectives on the care quality at child health centres is an important component of quality work and might lead to improvements in the care quality at child health centres. REPORTING METHOD: The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies (STROBE) checklist for cross-sectional studies was used to guide reporting. IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY AND PRACTICE: The findings of this study suggests that parents feel that insufficient attention is given to areas of care that they perceive as important. Parents' perspectives on the care quality at child health centres provides important knowledge which can guide further development of care quality at child health centres. The findings indicate that a family-centred approach that integrates relational and routine-oriented nursing can be a way to ensure that the care is based on parents' preferences and needs. No patient or public contribution.

Evaluating Satisfaction and Self-Confidence among Nursing Students in Clinical Simulation Learning.

BACKGROUND: Clinical simulation is effective in nursing student education, fostering autonomous learning and critical skill development in safe environments. This method is adaptable to dynamic educational approaches and integrates technology. Satisfaction and self-confidence are key elements in its evaluation. The general objective of this research was to describe the levels of satisfaction and self-confidence among undergraduate nursing students regarding the use of clinical simulation in the field of family and community nursing. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the University of Jaén, Spain, during the 2023/2024 academic year. Data on sociodemographic aspects, satisfaction, and self-confidence were collected using a validated instrument. The statistical analysis included central measures, dispersion, and frequencies, with confidence intervals. RESULTS: The study involved 96 students in scenario 1 (family assessment) and 97 in scenario 2 (family intervention), with the majority being women. In scenario 1, the mean satisfaction score was 4.38 out of 5, and self-confidence was scored 4.44 out of 5. Prior preparation time correlated significantly with higher levels of satisfaction and self-confidence. In scenario 2, the mean scores were slightly higher but not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated high levels of satisfaction and self-confidence among nursing students following clinical simulations. Prior preparation was associated with better outcomes, and the quality of the simulation positively impacted the results.

Parents' perceptions of factors influencing sleep in pediatric intensive care units: A qualitative study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to explore factors influencing sleep in pediatric intensive care units as perceived by parents of critically ill children. DESIGN AND METHODS: This descriptive qualitative study used individual semistructured interviews. Parents were recruited through purposive sampling from two pediatric intensive care units at two locations in one university hospital in Norway. Ten parents were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed using a six-phase reflexive thematic analysis. FINDINGS: The analysis produced 17 subthemes under four main themes: environmental factors in the pediatric intensive care unit disturb children's sleep, children need trust and safety to sleep, nurses' cooperation with parents influences children's sleep, and nurses' structuring of their practices is fundamental to sleep promotion. CONCLUSION: The parents found that the environment disturbed their children's sleep, and environmental factors were easier to control in single rooms than in multibed rooms. Children slept better when they felt safe and trusted the nurses, and parents desired more cooperation in promoting sleep for their children, which may be an essential and overlooked part of sleep promotion. Nurses varied considerably in how they prioritized sleep and structured their practices to promote sleep. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Nurses should take parents' experiences into account to better promote sleep for patients. By limiting environmental disturbances, building relationships with children to make them feel safe, including parents in sleep promotion, and prioritizing sleep in their practices, nurses could improve sleep quality and limit the consequences of sleep disturbance.

Impact of family-centered care in families with children with intellectual disability: A systematic review.

Background: Family-Centered Care (FCC) is an approach to healthcare planning, delivery and evaluation, based on beneficial partnerships between health professionals, patients and families. FCC may be particularly relevant for families with children with intellectual disability (ID), given their needs of continuum care. Objective: To identify which components of the FCC are practiced and which health outcomes are considered effective in families with children with ID. Method: A systematic review guided by the PRISMA STATEMENT 2020 approach and the STROBE reporting guidelines was performed on specific databases through the EBSCOhost Web platform: MEDLINE with Full Text, CINAHL PLUS with Full Text, Academic Search Complete and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. Peer-reviewed articles published in English or Portuguese languages from 2018 to September 2023 were retrieved. Methodological quality was established using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational, Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies - NHLBI, NIH. Results: Ten studies met the eligibility criteria and were synthetized. The results revealed nine components, reflecting the way FCC was developed: shared decision-making; family education; respect for culture; family engagement; recognition of the family's needs, characteristics and interests; specialized care support; social and emotional support; family functionality; and family seen as a unit. The health outcomes demonstrate effective gains in improving children's health through family satisfaction with health services. Also achieved psychological and social benefits, with improved family well-being and quality of life, favoring family empowerment. Conclusions: The evidence suggests that FCC components involves an effective partnership between the family and health professionals as the main key in developing care plans, as well as the experience that the family unit brings to the delivery of care. FCC approach include all family members as decision-makers, providing emotional, physical and instrumental levels of support. Health outcomes emerged in three strands; for children with ID, families and health services.

Student nurse perceptions of family nursing practices in South Africa: A descriptive survey.

Background: Family nursing practices (FNPs) are gaining momentum in global literature, but the available research has targeted qualified nursing professionals. There are limited studies exploring this phenomenon in undergraduate student nurses in South Africa. Aim: The study aimed at exploring the undergraduate student nurse perceptions of FNPs. Setting: The study was conducted at a selected university in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Methods: A descriptive survey design was used to purposively select undergraduate nursing students. The Family Nursing Practice Scale (FNPS) was used to collect data online. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse quantitative data. Open ended questions were analysed using content analysis. Results: Out of 154 participants, 77 responded to the questionnaire, translating to a response rate of 50%. Compared with other studies in literature, student nurses rated their overall FNP as being low (M = 3.43, s.d. = 0.99). A further descriptive analysis revealed better FNPs (2.97) for 3rd year compared to 2nd year (3.90) nursing students with significance differences in the means (p < 0.0001). While family conflict, maintaining confidentiality, ill prepared and absent family were challenges experienced in FNP, advantages included obtaining detailed information, ability to plan individualised care and enhanced student nurse-family relationship. Conclusion: A lower critical practice appraisal and lower perceptions of interaction and reciprocity in the nurse-family relationship were identified. There is need for an inclusive curriculum that promotes and advocates for family nursing within the undergraduate programme. Contribution: This study highlights the importance of teaching family nursing to undergraduate student nurses.

Nurse-mother communication and support: Perceptions of mothers in neonatal units.

Introduction: Having a hospitalized neonate is a stressful experience for parents, especially mothers. Thus, in recent years, a paradigm shift occurred in the neonatal units, focusing on the needs of parents and supporting them in addition to caring for neonates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nurse-mother communication and support in neonatal units in Bushehr, Iran. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in neonatal units of 6 hospitals in Bushehr, Iran, in 2022. Using the census method, all eligible mothers who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Data collection tools included demographic information form, nurse-parent support tool and nurse-parent communication questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 24 using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation test. Results: The total mean score of nurse-parent support tool was 3.72 ± 0.72 and the total mean score of nurse-parent communication questionnaire was 59/27 ± 12/82. Caregiving support had the highest mean score (4.07 ± 73 0.73) and emotional support had the lowest (3.42 ± 91 0.91). Also, a statistically significant difference was seen between the admitted unit variable and the mean score of nurse-mother communication and support. Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference between the mechanical ventilation status of the neonate and the mean score of nurse-mother support. A significant positive correlation was seen between the neonatal gestational age and the mean score of nurse-mother communication. Conclusions: The total mean score of nurse-parent support and communication was moderate. Therefore, nursing support and communication need to be improved. Planning is needed to enhance the role of neonatal nurses and strengthen their support and communication skills in line with the family-centered care approach.

Translation and Psychometric Validation of the German Version of the Iceland-Family Perceived Support Questionnaire (ICE-FPSQ): A Cross-Sectional Study.

Supporting families experiencing critical illness through family interventions is essential to ease illness burden, enable family management, and reduce their risk for adverse health. Thus far, there is no validated German instrument to measure the perceived support families receive from nurses. We translated the 14-item Iceland-Family Perceived Support Questionnaire (ICE-FPSQ) and tested its psychometric properties with 77 family members of intensive care patients. Compared with the original instrument, the construct validity of the German ICE-FPSQ (FPSQ-G) showed unstable results with a partially divergent structure, most likely caused by the limited sample size. The first two principal components explained 61% of the overall variance and a good internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of .92. The FPSQ-G is a promising instrument to measure family members' perceptions of the support they received from nurses in the acute critical care setting but requires further validation.

Competencia emocional y características sociodemográficas y profesionales de las enfermeras / Competência emocionais e características sociodemográficas e profissionais de enfermeiros / Emotional competence and sociodemographic and professional characteristics of nurses

Introducción: En los profesionales de la salud, las habilidades que les permitan lidiar con las emociones propias y ajenas garantizan la calidad de la atención brindada y una relación terapéutica eficaz. Por lo tanto, son fundamentales para los enfermeros, es decir, para aquellos que actúan en las unidades de salud de la familia. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la competencia emocional de las enfermeras que trabajan en unidades de salud de la familia en un grupo de centros de salud en el norte de Portugal y sus características sociodemográficas y profesionales. Método: Metodología cuantitativa, de tipo transversal descriptivo-correlacional. Datos recogidos a través de un cuestionario electrónico que constaba de dos partes: características sociodemográficas y profesionales de los participantes y cuestionario de competencia emocional. 66 enfermeras compusieron la muestra. Resultados: Las enfermeras del estudio mostraron altos niveles de competencia emocional (media = 205,1, desviación estándar = 20,9). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las características sociodemográficas y profesionales y la competencia emocional.Conclusiones: Aunque no está clara la relación entre la competencia emocional y las características sociodemográficas y profesionales, es cierta la importancia de la inteligencia emocional en la práctica asistencial. (AU)

Introdução: Em profissionais de saúde, competências que permitam lidar com as próprias emoções e com as dos outros garantem a qualidade dos cuidados prestados e uma relação terapêutica eficaz. Daí serem fundamentais para enfermeiros, nomeadamente para os que executem funções em unidades de saúde familiares. Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre a competência emocional dos enfermeiros das unidades de saúde familiar de um agrupamento de centros de saúde do norte de Portugal e as suas características sociodemográficas e profissionais. Método: Metodologia quantitativa, do tipo transversal descritivo-correlacional. Dados recolhidos através de um questionário eletrónico que consistia em duas partes: características sociodemográficas e profissionais dos participantes e questionário de competência emocional. 66 enfermeiros compuseram a amostra. Resultados: Os enfermeiros do estudo apresentaram elevados níveis de competência emocional (média = 205,1, desvio padrão = 20,9). Não se evidenciaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as características sociodemográficas e profissionais e a competência emocional. Conclusões: Apesar de não ser clara a relação entre a competência emocional e as características sociodemográficas e profissionais, é certa a importância da inteligência emocional na prática de cuidados. (AU)

Introduction: In health professionals, skills that allow them to deal with their own emotions and those of others guarantee the quality of care provided and an effective therapeutic relationship. Hence, they are fundamental for nurses, namely for those who work in family health units. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the emotional competence of nurses working in family health units in a group of health centers in the north of Portugal and their sociodemographic and professional characteristics.Method: Quantitative methodology, of the transversal descriptive-correlational type. Data collected through an electronic questionnaire that consisted of two parts: sociodemographic and professional characteristics of the participants and emotional competence questionnaire. 66 nurses composed the sample.Results: The nurses in the study showed high levels of emotional competence (mean = 205.1, standard deviation = 20.9). There were no statistically significant differences between sociodemographic and professional characteristics and emotional competence. Conclusions: Although the relationship between emotional competence and sociodemographic and professional characteristics is unclear, the importance of emotional intelligence in care practice is certain. (AU)

Psychometric Testing of the Experience of Integrating Chronic Illness into Family Life Questionnaire.

Family members' experience of integrating chronic illnesses or chronic conditions into family life is valuable information for health care professionals, such as nurses, to understand, improve, and adjust the care provided to families of chronically ill patients. Furthermore, the assessment of the experience of integrating chronic illness into family life can support family nursing interventions and reduce suffering. This study aimed to adapt and psychometrically test a new Likert-type questionnaire on the experience of integrating pediatric chronic illness into family life (EICI-FLQ) in two European samples. A sample of 164 primary caregivers of children/adolescents with chronic illnesses/conditions in Iceland and another sample of 237 primary caregivers with children/adolescents with chronic illnesses/conditions in Portugal completed the online questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis of the Icelandic sample yielded support for a one-factor solution with acceptable internal reliability (Cronbach's α = .866). Confirmatory factor analysis of the one-factor structure in the Portuguese sample indicated good model fit and similar internal reliability (Cronbach's α = .838). This instrument has good psychometric characteristics and is a promising tool for measuring the experience of integrating pediatric chronic illness into family life in clinical and research settings.

Family-Oriented Therapeutic Conversations: A Systematic Scoping Review.

There is increasing evidence that highlights the benefits of Family-oriented Therapeutic Conversations (FAM-TC) for the patient and the family; however, studies show variability regarding the content and the way these interventions are offered. This may hamper its further development in clinical practice. This review systematically maps the available literature on nurse-led FAM-TC and offers a solid synthesis of the characteristic, effectiveness, and feasibility of these interventions. A systematic search in PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Trip (Turning Research Into Practice), BASE (Bielefeld Academic Search Engine), OATD (Open Access Theses and Dissertations), and ProQuest databases identified 37 studies. The interventions varied in interventionist nurses' profile, the intervention content, or the duration of the sessions offered. Most of the interventions showed beneficial effects on perceived family support and family functioning. This review offers suggestions for future studies, such as the inclusion of specific theoretical frameworks for intervention design, targeting both the patient and the family and offered by nurses with family nursing competency.

NADA Acupuncture in Specialized Palliative Care: Patients' and Family Caregivers' Experiences.

CONTEXT: Over the last 30 years, non-pharmacological treatment with ear acupuncture, including National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA) acupuncture, has become popular in Western society to relieve cancer-related symptoms. OBJECTIVES: This study aim is to explore whether NADA acupuncture plays a role in relieving suffering experienced by patients hospitalized in a specialized palliative care ward and their family caregivers and whether it contributes to their coping skills. METHODS: A qualitative study with a hermeneutic approach utilizing inductive thematic content analysis. Purposeful sampling took place in a specialized palliative care ward in Denmark and all data were collected through semi-structured interviews with patients and family caregivers as either individual or family interviews. RESULTS: A total of 10 patients and 15 family caregivers participated in interviews. Four themes emerged: (1) communication about treatment with NADA acupuncture, (2) relief of suffering generates extra energy and inner strength, (3) sharing the experience with the family is beneficial, and (4) physical and psychological effects after receiving NADA acupuncture. CONCLUSION: Patients in palliative care and their family caregivers experienced relief of suffering after receiving NADA acupuncture, as well as improved well-being, and extra energy and inner strength to cope with their life situation. The ability to share NADA acupuncture gave family caregivers the feeling of being cared for and contributed to feelings of fellowship and togetherness within the family, strengthening their ability to communicate and cope.

Interventions to improve nurse-family communication in the emergency department: A scoping review.

AIM: To determine and describe what interventions exist to improve nurse-family communication during the waiting period of an emergency department visit. BACKGROUND: Communication between nurses and families is an area needing improvement. Good communication can improve patient outcomes, satisfaction with care and decrease patient and family anxiety. DESIGN: Scoping Review. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institution methodology: (1) identify the research question, (2) define the inclusion criteria, (3) use a search strategy to identify relevant studies using a three-step approach, (4) select studies using a team approach, (5) data extraction, (6) data analysis, and (7) presentation of results. DATA SOURCES: Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychInfo and grey literature were searched on 3 August 2022. RESULTS: The search yielded 1771 articles from the databases, of which 20 were included. An additional seven articles were included from the grey literature. Paediatric and adult interventions were found targeting staff and family of which the general recommendations were summarised into communication models. CONCLUSION: Future research should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of interventions using a standardised scale, understanding the specific needs of families, and exploring the communication models developed in this review. IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE: Communication models for triage nurses and all emergency department nurses were developed. These may guide nurses to improve their communication which will contribute to improving family satisfaction. REPORTING METHOD: PRISMA-ScR. TRIAL AND PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: Protocol has been registered with the Open Science Framework, registration number 10.17605/OSF.IO/ETSYB. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.