Association between neck circumference and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: cross-sectional analysis from ELSA-Brasil

Abstract BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a public health problem worldwide. Neck circumference (NC) is a simple anthropometric adiposity parameter that has been correlated with cardiometabolic disorders like NAFLD. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between NC and NAFLD, considering their obesity-modifying effect, among participants from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) baseline study. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Cross-sectional study at the ELSA-Brasil centers of six public research institutions. METHODS: This analysis was conducted on 5,187 women and 4,270 men of mean age 51.8 (± 9.2) years. Anthropometric indexes (NC, waist circumference [WC] and body mass index [BMI]), biochemical and clinical parameters (diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia) and hepatic ultrasound were measured. The association between NC and NAFLD was estimated using multinomial logistic regression, considering potential confounding effects (age, WC, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia). Effect modification was investigated by including the interaction term NC x BMI in the final model. RESULTS: The frequency of NAFLD and mean value of NC were 33.6% and 33.9 (± 2.5) cm in women, and 45.8% and 39.4 (± 2.8) cm in men, respectively. Even after all adjustments, larger NC was associated with a greater chance of moderate/severe NAFLD (1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] for women; 1.05, 95% CI for men; P < 0.001). Presence of multiplicative interaction between NC and BMI (P < 0.001) was also observed. CONCLUSION: NC was positively associated with NAFLD in both sexes, regardless of traditional adiposity indexes such as BMI and WC. The magnitude of the association was more pronounced among women.

Effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation on strength and body composition in trained and competitive athletes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the evidence for the effectiveness of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation interventions on modification in strength and body composition in trained and competitive athletes. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: A systematic search was performed using three databases: MEDLINE, EBSCO and Web of Science. The analysis was restricted to randomized controlled trials that examined the effect of HMB supplementation interventions on modification in bench and leg press strength, body mass, fat-free mass and fat mass. Effect sizes (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed effect meta-analysis due to low value of the heterogeneity. The Egger test was used to determine the presence of publication bias, and the Q and I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity among studies. Significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: Six studies were selected for meta-analysis, as they fulfilled the inclusion criteria (n=193 participants). HMB supplementation interventions present a trivial non-significant ES in all variables studied (bench press ES=0.00, leg press ES=0.09, body mass ES=-0.01, fat-free mass ES=0.16, and fat mass ES=-0.20; all cases p>0.05, and null heterogeneity I2=0.0% p>0.05). These results remained constant even analyzing by subgroups (HMB doses, duration of intervention, training level and diet co-intervention). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis found no effect of HMB supplementation on strength and body composition in trained and competitive athletes.

Reemplazo graso total idiopático del páncreas: Reporte de un caso

La lipomatosis pancreática difusa o focal es una entidad que puede ser secundaria a patologías sistémicas (como el síndrome de Shwachman-Diamond, la fi brosis quística u otras) o ser idiopática. Se han reportado algunos casos con ausencia de síntomas clínicos o alteraciones en el laboratorio y otros en los que la funcionalidad del páncreas se encontraba comprometida. Aquí presentamos un caso en el cual el hallazgo de reemplazo graso total fue incidental, debido a que se visualizó en una tomografía computada (TC) solicitada por otras razones.

Fat replacement of pancreas is a condition that may be secondary to systemic diseases (such as Shwachman-Diamond syndrome or cystic fi brosis), or may be idiopathic. There are some reported cases in which there are no clinic symptoms or laboratory changes, and others where the pancreatic function is compromised. We present a case with an incidental finding of fat replacement, after a computed tomography (CT) performed for others reasons.

Evaluación del estado nutricional del calcio en relación con la salud bucal y el índica de masa corporal / Calcium nutritional status in relation with oral health and body mass index

INTRODUCCION: La diferencia de calcio y vitamina D es muy habitual a nivel nacional e internacional. Sin embargo, los datos de su relación con la salud bucal y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) son escasos o inexistentes.OBJETIVO: Evaluar el estado nutricional del calcio (Ca) y de la vitamina D, y su relación con el IMC y la salud bucal.METODOS: El estudio se llevó a cabo en alumnos universitarios de la carrera de Nutrición (Universidad Isalud, Buenos Aires), con una población de 65 estudiantes sanos (15 varones y 50 mujeres) de 20 a 30 años. Se realizó una encuesta nutricional, se extrajo sangre en ayunas y la segunda orina de la mañana (basal). Asimismo, se efectuó un examen bucodental y una densitometría ósea de esqueleto total por DXA (Lunar).RESULTADOS: El IMC promedio fue de 20,7 ± 4,2 para mujeres y 23,5 ± 2,8 para hombres. El 100% del grupo presentó una densidad mineral ósea normal, con un T-Score > -2,5. Sólo el 19% y el 15% de mujeres y hombres, respectivamente, mostraron ingestas de calcio (ICa) igual o superior a las recomendadas. El 34% de mujeres y el 20% de hombres presentaron niveles de 25 hidroxivitamina D (25 OHD) considerados adecuados (> 30 ng/mL). El diagnóstico clínico bucodental mostró que el 100% de los estudiantes presentaba gingivitis marginal crónica asociada a placa. Un 61% de mujeres y un 82% de hombres tenían momentos de azúcar > 4, lo cual se encuentra asociado al aumento en el riesgo de caries. También se observó una pérdida parcial de piezas dentarias en el 29% de mujeres y el 45% de hombres.CONCLUSIONES: Existe una alta deficiencia de vitamina D y un bajo consumo de Ca, que pueden afectar enormemente el futuro estado del esqueleto y la salud bucodental. Una adecuada educación nutricional ayudaría a mejorar el estado nutricional de los individuos y su calidad de vida, hecho que en definitiva redundaría en beneficios en los costos de Salud Pública.

INTRODUCTION: Calcium (Ca) and Vitamin D deficiencies are widespread throughout the world. However, studies about their relationship with oral health and body mass index (BMI) are scarce or do not exist.OBJECTIVE: Assess nutritional status of Ca and vitamin D and their relationship with oral health and BMI.METHODS: The study was performed with 65 healthy students from the School of Nutrition at Isalud University, Buenos Aires (15 men and 50 women, 20- to 30-year-old). Weekly consumption-frequency and dietary practices were recorded. Blood and 2-hour-urine samples were obtained in a fasting state. Dental-oral status and total skeletal bone mineral densitometry (BMD) by DXA were assessed.RESULTS: The body mass index (BMI) was 20.7 ± 4.2 for women and 23.5 ± 2.8 for men. 100% of the students presented a normal bone mineral density with a T-score > 2.5. Only 19% of woman and 15% of men covered the recommended Ca intake. 34% of women and 20% of men presented vitamind D recommended nutritional values (>30 ng/mL). Oral diagnosis showed 100% of the students had chronic gingivitis; 61% and 82% of women and men respectively had high consumption of sugar > 4 with a high caries probability association. 29% of women and 45% of men had a partial tooth loss.CONCLUSIONS: There is a high vitamin D and Ca intake deficiency that could affect the skeleton status and oral health in the future. Adequate nutrition education would help to improve the nutritional status of individuals and their quality of life, a fact that ultimately result in cost benefits of Public Health.

Evaluación del estado nutricional del calcio en relación con la salud bucal y el índica de masa corporal / Calcium nutritional status in relation with oral health and body mass index

INTRODUCCION: La diferencia de calcio y vitamina D es muy habitual a nivel nacional e internacional. Sin embargo, los datos de su relación con la salud bucal y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) son escasos o inexistentes.OBJETIVO: Evaluar el estado nutricional del calcio (Ca) y de la vitamina D, y su relación con el IMC y la salud bucal.METODOS: El estudio se llevó a cabo en alumnos universitarios de la carrera de Nutrición (Universidad Isalud, Buenos Aires), con una población de 65 estudiantes sanos (15 varones y 50 mujeres) de 20 a 30 años. Se realizó una encuesta nutricional, se extrajo sangre en ayunas y la segunda orina de la mañana (basal). Asimismo, se efectuó un examen bucodental y una densitometría ósea de esqueleto total por DXA (Lunar).RESULTADOS: El IMC promedio fue de 20,7 ± 4,2 para mujeres y 23,5 ± 2,8 para hombres. El 100% del grupo presentó una densidad mineral ósea normal, con un T-Score > -2,5. Sólo el 19% y el 15% de mujeres y hombres, respectivamente, mostraron ingestas de calcio (ICa) igual o superior a las recomendadas. El 34% de mujeres y el 20% de hombres presentaron niveles de 25 hidroxivitamina D (25 OHD) considerados adecuados (> 30 ng/mL). El diagnóstico clínico bucodental mostró que el 100% de los estudiantes presentaba gingivitis marginal crónica asociada a placa. Un 61% de mujeres y un 82% de hombres tenían momentos de azúcar > 4, lo cual se encuentra asociado al aumento en el riesgo de caries. También se observó una pérdida parcial de piezas dentarias en el 29% de mujeres y el 45% de hombres.CONCLUSIONES: Existe una alta deficiencia de vitamina D y un bajo consumo de Ca, que pueden afectar enormemente el futuro estado del esqueleto y la salud bucodental. Una adecuada educación nutricional ayudaría a mejorar el estado nutricional de los individuos y su calidad de vida, hecho que en definitiva redundaría en beneficios en los costos de Salud Pública.

INTRODUCTION: Calcium (Ca) and Vitamin D deficiencies are widespread throughout the world. However, studies about their relationship with oral health and body mass index (BMI) are scarce or do not exist.OBJECTIVE: Assess nutritional status of Ca and vitamin D and their relationship with oral health and BMI.METHODS: The study was performed with 65 healthy students from the School of Nutrition at Isalud University, Buenos Aires (15 men and 50 women, 20- to 30-year-old). Weekly consumption-frequency and dietary practices were recorded. Blood and 2-hour-urine samples were obtained in a fasting state. Dental-oral status and total skeletal bone mineral densitometry (BMD) by DXA were assessed.RESULTS: The body mass index (BMI) was 20.7 ± 4.2 for women and 23.5 ± 2.8 for men. 100% of the students presented a normal bone mineral density with a T-score > 2.5. Only 19% of woman and 15% of men covered the recommended Ca intake. 34% of women and 20% of men presented vitamind D recommended nutritional values (>30 ng/mL). Oral diagnosis showed 100% of the students had chronic gingivitis; 61% and 82% of women and men respectively had high consumption of sugar > 4 with a high caries probability association. 29% of women and 45% of men had a partial tooth loss.CONCLUSIONS: There is a high vitamin D and Ca intake deficiency that could affect the skeleton status and oral health in the future. Adequate nutrition education would help to improve the nutritional status of individuals and their quality of life, a fact that ultimately result in cost benefits of Public Health.