Cryoprotectant agents and cooling effect on embryos of Macrobrachium amazonicum.

SummaryThere are few reports of cryopreservation and injuries in Macrobrachium amazonicum embryos. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of cryoprotectants agents and cooling on stage VIII of this species. Fertilized eggs from ovigerous females were removed from the incubation chamber, then placed in 10 ml Falcon tubes with a cryoprotectant solution and saline-free calcium solution. Thus, the embryos underwent a cooling curve of 1°C per min until reaching 5°C, and then were stored for 2 h. The tubes containing the embryos were washed to remove the cryoprotectant, acclimated for 5 min and then transferred to 50 ml incubators. At the end of the 24-h period, living embryos from each tube were counted and tabulated. A pool of embryos was fixed with 4% formaldehyde and then subjected to histology using 3-mm thick sections and stained with haematoxylin/eosin. Another pool was used for biometric analysis in which length, width and volume were analyzed. The cryoprotectants agents used were: dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), methyl alcohol, ethylene glycol at 1, 5 and 10% and sucrose (0.5 M). Variance analysis was performed followed by Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) test at 5% significance level. DMSO cryoprotectant affected embryo survival the least with rates of 71.8, 36.2 and 0% for concentrations of 1, 5 and 10%, respectively. Ethylene glycol caused 100% mortality at all the concentrations used. It was not possible to observe the interference of cooling and cryoprotectants on embryonic structures in this study.

Mechanical vibration: what is the importance of this physical quantity in the poultry transport? / Vibrações mecânicas: qual é a importância dessa grandeza física no transporte avícola?

Mechanical vibrations are inherent to any system of transportation. In poultry production, the higher or lower intensity of this agent during the loading of eggs, chicks and chickens, can increase the production losses and decrease the efficiency of the system as a whole. However, despite its importance this factor is still unknown and little considered in the planning of the transport processes involved in the poultry industry. Therefore, the aim of raising the largest amount of data obtained so far to clarify the effects of mechanical vibrations already found in the transport of fertilized eggs, day-old chicks and broilers. A survey of international and national papers, from 1969 to 2014, which showed that the transport of fertilized eggs, the mechanical vibrations may be responsible for the incidence of cracks, in addition to promoting the agitation of internal constituents (yolk and albumen), which could potentially compromise the quality of birth and hatchlings. The transport of day-old chicks and broilers, the vibrations are related to situations of stress, discomfort and depreciation of the welfare of the birds, which still causes drops in the levels of glucose and corticosteroids and thus affect other parameters as the quality of the meat.

As vibrações mecânicas são inerentes a qualquer sistema de transporte. Na avicultura de corte, a maior ou menor intensidade deste agente durante o carregamento de ovos, pintos e frangos, pode aumentar as perdas produtivas e diminuir a eficiência do sistema como um todo. Todavia, apesar de sua relevância este fator ainda é desconhecido e pouco considerado no planejamento dos processos de transporte envolvidos na indústria avícola. Desta forma, objetivou-se levantar o maior número de dados obtidos até o momento para esclarecer e apontar os efeitos já encontrados das vibrações mecânicas no transporte de ovos fertilizados, pintos de um dia e frangos de corte. Foi realizado um levantamento de trabalhos internacionais e nacionais, de 1969 a 2014, os quais apontaram que no transporte de ovos fertilizados as vibrações mecânicas podem ser responsáveis pela incidência de trincas e rachaduras, além de promover o agitamento dos constituintes internos (gema e albúmen), o que possivelmente pode comprometer o nascimento e a qualidade das aves recém-nascidas. No transporte dos pintos de um dia e dos frangos de corte, as vibrações estão relacionadas com situações de estresse, desconforto e depreciação do bem-estar das aves, o que ainda provoca quedas nos níveis de glicose e corticosteroides e, consequentemente, prejudica outros parâmetros como a qualidade da carne.

Mechanical vibration: what is the importance of this physical quantity in the poultry transport? / Vibrações mecânicas: qual é a importância dessa grandeza física no transporte avícola?

Mechanical vibrations are inherent to any system of transportation. In poultry production, the higher or lower intensity of this agent during the loading of eggs, chicks and chickens, can increase the production losses and decrease the efficiency of the system as a whole. However, despite its importance this factor is still unknown and little considered in the planning of the transport processes involved in the poultry industry. Therefore, the aim of raising the largest amount of data obtained so far to clarify the effects of mechanical vibrations already found in the transport of fertilized eggs, day-old chicks and broilers. A survey of international and national papers, from 1969 to 2014, which showed that the transport of fertilized eggs, the mechanical vibrations may be responsible for the incidence of cracks, in addition to promoting the agitation of internal constituents (yolk and albumen), which could potentially compromise the quality of birth and hatchlings. The transport of day-old chicks and broilers, the vibrations are related to situations of stress, discomfort and depreciation of the welfare of the birds, which still causes drops in the levels of glucose and corticosteroids and thus affect other parameters as the quality of the meat.(AU)

As vibrações mecânicas são inerentes a qualquer sistema de transporte. Na avicultura de corte, a maior ou menor intensidade deste agente durante o carregamento de ovos, pintos e frangos, pode aumentar as perdas produtivas e diminuir a eficiência do sistema como um todo. Todavia, apesar de sua relevância este fator ainda é desconhecido e pouco considerado no planejamento dos processos de transporte envolvidos na indústria avícola. Desta forma, objetivou-se levantar o maior número de dados obtidos até o momento para esclarecer e apontar os efeitos já encontrados das vibrações mecânicas no transporte de ovos fertilizados, pintos de um dia e frangos de corte. Foi realizado um levantamento de trabalhos internacionais e nacionais, de 1969 a 2014, os quais apontaram que no transporte de ovos fertilizados as vibrações mecânicas podem ser responsáveis pela incidência de trincas e rachaduras, além de promover o agitamento dos constituintes internos (gema e albúmen), o que possivelmente pode comprometer o nascimento e a qualidade das aves recém-nascidas. No transporte dos pintos de um dia e dos frangos de corte, as vibrações estão relacionadas com situações de estresse, desconforto e depreciação do bem-estar das aves, o que ainda provoca quedas nos níveis de glicose e corticosteroides e, consequentemente, prejudica outros parâmetros como a qualidade da carne.(AU)