Analysis of Cutting Capacity, Surface Finishing, and Mechanical Properties of NiTi Instruments 25/.04: ROTATE and LOGIC 2.

INTRODUCTION: In an effort to enhance the quality of mechanized endodontic instruments, various thermal treatment methods, and design modifications have been suggested. However, upon evaluation, these endodontic instruments may exhibit microscopic irregularities. The objective of this in vitro study was to analyze the cutting capacity, surface finish, and mechanical properties of Nickel-Titanium 25/.04 Rotate (VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany) and LOGIC 2 (Easy Equipamentos Odontológicos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil) rotary instruments. METHODOLOGY: Twenty rotary instruments were divided into 2 groups: GR, the group with ROTATE instruments (n = 10); and GL2, the group with LOGIC 2 instruments (n = 10). They were evaluated for roughness, using a profilometer, for bending resistance, buckling resistance, and cutting capacity using a universal testing machine, as well as for torsional strength (torque and angular deflection) using a torquemeter. The instruments were visualized before and after the mechanical tests through scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: GR showed better surface finish in terms of roughness, greater cutting capacity, and greater angular deflection than GL2 (P < .05). However, GL2 showed better flexibility than GR (P < .05). GL2 and GR did not show statistically significant differences in terms of buckling and torque (P > .05). CONCLUSION: The ROTATE and LOGIC 2 rotary instruments differed in their surface finish, cutting capacity, and mechanical properties, except for their buckling resistance and required fracture torque.

Impact of adding xylooligosaccharides encapsulated in butter: Microstructural, optical, rheological and sensory aspects.

This study investigated the microstructure, rheological properties, and sensory characteristics of butters produced with free and encapsulated xylooligosaccharides (XOS). Four formulations of butter were processed: BCONT: 0 % w/w XOS (control); BXOS: 20% w/w free XOS; BXOS-ALG: 20% w/w XOS microencapsulated with alginate (XOS-alginate ratio of 3:1 w/w); and BXOS-GEL: 20% w/w XOS microencapsulated with alginate-gelatin (XOS-alginate-gelatin ratio of 3:1:1.5 w/w). The microparticles showed a bimodal distribution, low size and low span values, demonstrating physical stability to be included in emulsions. The XOS-ALG presented surface weighted mean diameter (D3.2) of 90.24 µm, volume-weighted mean diameter (D4.3) of 131.8 µm, and Span of 2.14. In contrast, the XOS-GEL presented D3.2 of 82.80 µm, D4.3 of 141.0 µm, and a Span of 2.46. Products with XOS were characterized by higher creaminess, sweet taste, and lower salty taste than the control. However, the addition form significantly impacted the other evaluated parameters. The utilization of XOS in a free form (BXOS) resulted in smaller droplet sizes (1.26 µm) than encapsulated XOS and control (XOS-ALG = 1.32 µm / XOS-GEL = 1.58 µm, / BCONT = 1.59 µm), and changes in the rheological parameters (higher values of shear stress, viscosity, consistency index, rigidity (J0), and Newtonian viscosity (ηN) and lower elasticity (τ)). Furthermore, it changed the color parameters (more yellow and dark color, lower L* and higher b* values). On the other hand, the utilization of micropaticles of XOS (BXOS-ALG and BXOS-GEL) kept shear stress, viscosity, consistency index, rigidity (J0), and elasticity (τ) more similar to control. The products had a less intense yellow color (lower b* values) and was perceived with more consistency and butter taste. However, the presence of particles was perceived by consumers. The results suggest that consumers were more attentive to reporting flavor-related attributes than texture. In conclusion, adding microparticles of XOS could improve butter's rheological and sensory properties. In conclusion, adding microparticles of XOS could improve butter's rheological and sensory properties.

Stress distribution in occlusal veneers with different finish lines when applying vertical and tangential forces / Distribución de estrés en carillas con diferentes líneas de terminación aplicando fuerzas verticales y tangenciales

Abstract To evaluate stress distribution when applying vertical and tangential forces to 1mm thick occlusal veneers with different finish lines preparations, using the finite element method. One extracted third molar was prepared for occlusal veneers, firstly without any bevel. It was scanned in order to design two groups of lithium disilicate (G1A, G2A) and composite resin (G1B, G2B) occlusal veneers. Then, the third molar preparation was modified, beveling the finish line and it was subsequently scanned again to design the occlusal veneer groups with bevel (LD: G3A, G4A and CR: G3B, G4B). The four groups were subjected to different forces (400 N vertical and 900 N tangential). At 400 N, the non-beveled veneers showed slightly higher Von Mises stress values (G1A: 783 MPa and G1B 736.5 MPa) than the beveled veneers (G3A: 685.7 MPa and G3B: 675.8 MPa). However, when 900 N tangential forces were applied, the beveled occlusal veneers showed higher Von Mises stress values (G4A: 4297 MPa and G4B: 4133 MPa) than the non-beveled occlusal veneers (G2A: 2581.1 MPa and G2B: 3519.1 MPa). Furthermore, it was observed that the tissue under the occlusal veneers with bevel showed higher Von Mises stress values than the models without any bevel. Beveled and non-beveled occlusal veneers of lithium disilicate and composite resin presented similar stress distribution values when vertical forces of 400 N were applied; whereas with tangential forces of 900 N applied near to the finish line, the beveled groups presented notably higher stress values than the non-beveled groups. However, both finish line preparations presented adequate values for possible clinical performance.

Resumen Evaluar la distribución de estrés al aplicar fuerzas verticales y tangenciales en carillas oclusales de 1mm de espesor con diferentes líneas de terminación marginal por el método de elementos finitos. Se preparó un tercer molar extraído para carilla oclusal, primero sin bisel. Se escaneó para diseñar dos grupos de carillas oclusales de disilicato de litio (G1A, G2A) y resina compuesta (G1B, G2B). Después, esta preparación molar fue modificada, biselando la línea de terminación y escaneándola nuevamente para diseñar los grupos de carillas oclusales con bisel (DL: G3A, G4A and RC: G3B, G4B). Los 4 grupos fueron sometidos a fuerzas diferentes (400 N vertical y 900 N tangencial). Con 400 N, las carillas sin bisel presentaron ligera mayor tensión de Von Mises (G1A: 783 MPa y G1B 736.5 MPa) que las carillas con bisel (G3A: 685.7 MPa y G3B: 675.8 MPa). De distinta forma, al aplicar fuerzas tangenciales de 900 N, las carillas oclusales con bisel presentaron mayor tensión de Von Mises (G4A: 4297 MPa y G4B: 4133 MPa) que las carillas oclusales sin bisel (G2A: 2581.1 MPa y G2B: 3519.1 MPa). Además, se observó que los tejidos subyacentes a las carillas oclusales con bisel, presentaron mayor tensión de Von Mises, frente a los modelos sin bisel. Las carillas oclusales con y sin bisel de disilicato de litio y resina compuesta presentaron una distribución de estrés similar con fuerzas verticales de 400 N, por otro lado, con fuerzas tangenciales de 900 N, los grupos con bisel presentaron notablemente mayor tensión que los grupos sin bisel. Sin embargo, ambos diseños de terminación marginal presentaron valores adecuados para un posible desempeño clínico.

Direct Synthesis of HKUST-1 onto Cotton Fabrics and Properties.

Metal-organic frameworks are crystalline nanostructures formed by a metal interspersed by an organic binder. These metal-organic materials are examples of nanomaterials applied to textile material in search of new functionalized textiles. Cotton is a cellulosic fiber of great commercial importance, and has good absorption capacity and breathability; however, due to these characteristics, it is susceptible to the development of microorganisms on its surface. This work aims to analyze how the direct synthesis of HKUST-1 in cotton fabric modifies the chemical and physical properties. The material obtained was characterized by scanning electron microscopy to obtain its morphology, by spectrophotometry CIE L*a*b* to verify the color change, by a biological test to verify its resistance to microorganisms and, finally, by a unidirectional traction test to verify the change in its mechanical resistance. Thereby, it was possible to observe the formation of MOFs with the morphology of nanorods, and also, with regard to HKUST-1 in the cotton fabric, when applied, an elimination percentage higher than 99% was observed for both bacteria, E. coli and S. aureus. The presence of MOF was detected even after washing, however, the loss of 75% in the mechanical resistance of the material makes its potential for textile finishing unworkable.

Surface quality of furniture components using a band saw, milling machine, and two species / Qualidade superficial de componentes de móveis utilizando serra fita e fresadora e duas espécies

This study is dedicated to considering the use of eucalyptus and Ocotea porosa to produce classic-style furniture, assessing the machining time and surface quality. For such, the survey of data on the surface quality of eucalyptus and Ocotea porosa pieces was carried out through a visual assessment with the adaptation of the methodology described in standard ASTM 1666. This analysis of the wood surface quality occurred using two different species and two machining modalities (a band saw and a copy milling machine) for parts intended to produce components (feet) for classic furniture. After making the feet, the pieces of furniture were assembled and reassessed. Forty samples were selected and evaluated for initial defects through visual inspection, and the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis statistical test was applied. The values found for surface quality were considered good quality, with more time being necessary to perform the finishing of the parts processed with the band saw than the milling machine. One may conclude thatthe milling time spent on each treatment influences the production capacity of the company, with the cuts carried out with the milling machine being faster and with better surface finishing.

Esse estudo dedicou-se a considerar a utilização de eucalipto e Ocotea porosa na produção de móveis em estilo clássico, avaliando o tempo de usinagem e a qualidade superficial. Para tal, foi realizado o levantamento de dados sobre a qualidade superficial de peças de eucalipto e Ocotea porosa, por meio de uma avaliação visual com adaptação da metodologia descrita na norma ASTM 1666. Essa análise da qualidade superficial da madeira ocorreu por meio de duas diferentes espécies e conduzido por duas modalidades de usinagem (uma serra-fita e uma fresadora copiadora) de peças destinadas a produção de componentes (pés) para móveis clássicos. Após a confecção dos pés os móveis foram montados e novamente avaliados. Selecionou-se 40 amostras, nas quais foram avaliados os defeitos iniciais por meioda inspeção visual, foi aplicada a estatística não paramétrica de Kruskal-Wallis. Os valores encontrados sobre a qualidade de superfície foram considerados de boa qualidade, sendo necessário maior tempo para realizar o acabamento nas peças processadas na serra-fita se comparado com a fresadora. Pôde-se concluir que o tempo de usinagem gasto em cada tratamento influencia na capacidade de produção da empresa, sendo mais rápidos os cortes realizados pela fresadora com melhor acabamento superficial.

Surface quality of furniture components using a band saw, milling machine, and two species / Qualidade superficial de componentes de móveis utilizando serra fita e fresadora e duas espécies

This study is dedicated to considering the use of eucalyptus and Ocotea porosa to produce classic-style furniture, assessing the machining time and surface quality. For such, the survey of data on the surface quality of eucalyptus and Ocotea porosa pieces was carried out through a visual assessment with the adaptation of the methodology described in standard ASTM 1666. This analysis of the wood surface quality occurred using two different species and two machining modalities (a band saw and a copy milling machine) for parts intended to produce components (feet) for classic furniture. After making the feet, the pieces of furniture were assembled and reassessed. Forty samples were selected and evaluated for initial defects through visual inspection, and the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis statistical test was applied. The values found for surface quality were considered good quality, with more time being necessary to perform the finishing of the parts processed with the band saw than the milling machine. One may conclude thatthe milling time spent on each treatment influences the production capacity of the company, with the cuts carried out with the milling machine being faster and with better surface finishing.(AU)

Esse estudo dedicou-se a considerar a utilização de eucalipto e Ocotea porosa na produção de móveis em estilo clássico, avaliando o tempo de usinagem e a qualidade superficial. Para tal, foi realizado o levantamento de dados sobre a qualidade superficial de peças de eucalipto e Ocotea porosa, por meio de uma avaliação visual com adaptação da metodologia descrita na norma ASTM 1666. Essa análise da qualidade superficial da madeira ocorreu por meio de duas diferentes espécies e conduzido por duas modalidades de usinagem (uma serra-fita e uma fresadora copiadora) de peças destinadas a produção de componentes (pés) para móveis clássicos. Após a confecção dos pés os móveis foram montados e novamente avaliados. Selecionou-se 40 amostras, nas quais foram avaliados os defeitos iniciais por meioda inspeção visual, foi aplicada a estatística não paramétrica de Kruskal-Wallis. Os valores encontrados sobre a qualidade de superfície foram considerados de boa qualidade, sendo necessário maior tempo para realizar o acabamento nas peças processadas na serra-fita se comparado com a fresadora. Pôde-se concluir que o tempo de usinagem gasto em cada tratamento influencia na capacidade de produção da empresa, sendo mais rápidos os cortes realizados pela fresadora com melhor acabamento superficial.(AU)

Effect of Finish Line Design and Cement Space Thickness on the Marginal Accuracy of Monolithic Zirconia Crowns / Efeito do desenho da linha de término e da espessura do espaço de cimento na precisão marginal de coroas monolíticas de zircônia

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of finish line design and cement space thickness on the marginal accuracy of monolithic zirconia crowns. Materials and methods: Thirty crowns were fabricated from translucent zirconia (inCoris TZI) using Cerec in-Lab system and divided into three main groups (10 each) according to the finish line type of the die (knife-edge, chamfer, and shoulder). Every group was divided into two subgroups (5 each) according to cement space thickness (20 and50µm). Optical impressions were taken for the dies using the Cerec scanner and cement space was set twice for every finish line design; 20 and 50 µm. The completed crowns were cemented to the dies and the marginal gap was evaluated. The collected data was statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test and the significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: Regarding the marginal gap; there was no statistically significant difference between different finish line designs or between different cement space thicknesses. Conclusion: Neither finish line design nor cement space thickness has an effect on the marginal gap of inCoris TZI crowns. (AU)

Declaração do problema: A necessidade de um método minimamente invasivo de preparação de coroa única é inevitável, principalmente com dentes enfraquecidos e com alta probabilidade de irritação pulpar. Portanto, é necessária uma restauração durável e adaptada, com preparação menos invasiva da linha de término. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do design da linha de término e da espessura do espaço de cimento na precisão marginal das coroas monolíticas de zircônia. Material e Métodos: Trinta coroas foram fabricadas a partir de zircônia translúcida (inCoris TZI) usando o sistema Cerec em laboratório, e divididas em três grupos principais (n = 10), de acordo com o tipo de linha de término da matriz (lâmina, chanfro e ombro). Cada grupo foi dividido em dois subgrupos (5 cada), de acordo com a espessura do espaço do cimento (20 e 50 µm). Impressões ópticas foram obtidas para as matrizes usando o scanner Cerec e o espaço de cimento foi definido duas vezes para cada projeto de linha de chegada: 20 e 50 µm. As coroas confeccionadas foram cimentadas nos moldes e a diferença marginal foi avaliada. Os dados coletados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste U de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis e o nível de significância foi estabelecido em P ≤ 0,05. Resultados: Em relação ao gap marginal não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre diferentes projetos de linha de acabamento ou entre diferentes espessuras de espaço de cimento. Conclusão: nem o design da linha de término, nem a espessura do espaço de cimento afetam a folga marginal das coroas inCoris TZI. (AU)

Efecto de Diferentes Técnicas de Acabado y Pulido Sobre la Rugosidad de un Composite de Nanoparticulas / Effect of Different Finishing and Polishing Techniques on the Roughness of a Nanoparticle Composite

El objetivo fue comparar la rugosidad de un composite nanoparticulado con diferentes técnicas de acabado y pulido. Se obtuvieron 20 discos en conformadores ad-hoc en los que se insertó un composite nanoparticulado en capas de 2mm. Se activó cada incremento durante 30s con una intensidad de 1450 mw/cm2. Todas las probetas se pulieron con la secuencia completa de discos Sof-lex a velocidad media y luego se asignaron a uno de 4 grupos (n=5) tratados de la siguiente manera: G1: sin tratamiento extra; G2: con cepillos Astrobrush y JC-SICRA-G; G3: con pasta de diamantes Diamond Gloss aplicada con fieltro; y pasta de óxido de aluminio Poligloss y fieltro; G4: igual que G3 + cepillos (igual que G2). Las superficies se evaluaron con un perfilómetro óptico tridimensional. Se registró la rugosidad promedio (Ra) en tres puntos de cada espécimen, se consideró la Ra a la media de los tres registros obtenidos. Los datos se analizaron mediante ANOVA de una vía y prueba de Tukey para comparaciones múltiples. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: G1: 132,20nm (26,16); G2: 77,20 nm (20,64); G3: 78,74 nm (10,04); G4: 66,47nm (31,08). Se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos (P=0.0017); de las comparaciones múltiples surge que G1 presentó una rugosidad media significativamente mayor que los restantes. G1>G2 (P<0.01), G1>G3 (P<0,05), G1>G4 (P<0,01). En conclusión, el uso de sistemas anexos de pulido permite lograr mayor lisura superficial. El uso de más de un sistema complementario no mejora el resultado (AU)

Oral exfoliative cytology and corrosion of metal piercings. Tissue implications.

OBJECTIVES: A group of adolescents with oral piercings was studied to determine the presence of metallic particles in cells exfoliated from the mucosa surrounding their metal oral piercings and the association between such particles and the metal jewelry, and to evaluate subsequent tissue implications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen teenage patients who had tongue and/or lip piercings were included. The clinical features of the oral mucosa and lip skin were evaluated. Exfoliative cytology was performed in the area surrounding the piercing. The surface of used and unused jewelry was studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. RESULTS: Hyperplastic, leukoedematous, and lichenoid lesions were observed in the mucosa, as well as lesions associated with metallosis of the lip skin. Cytological smears showed the presence of particles inside the epithelial cells; the particles were found to contain aluminum, tungsten, and molybdenum. In one case requiring surgical removal of the piercing, histological examination of the tissue associated with the piece of jewelry showed the presence particles containing aluminum, iron, and tin inside multinucleated giant cells. Although surface finish defects were observed on both unused and used piercing jewelry, they were more evident on the used pieces. CONCLUSIONS: Ion particles are released from the metal piercings and could have been adjuvant factors in the development of the observed lesions. Cells exfoliated from the oral mucosa surrounding metal piercings may serve as bioindicators of corrosion processes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: We propose the use of exfoliative cytology to monitor corrosion processes and for routine clinical follow up.

Marginal Fit of Metal-Ceramic Copings: Effect of Luting Cements and Tooth Preparation Design.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of the triad finish line design, axial wall convergence angle, and luting cement on the marginal fit of metal copings used in metal-ceramic crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Schematic dies and their respective copings were cast in NiCr alloy. The dies exhibited the following finish line/convergence angle combinations: sloping shoulder/6°, sloping shoulder/20°, shoulder/6°, shoulder/20°. Marginal fit was evaluated under a stereomicroscope, before and after cementation. Copings were air-abraded with 50 µm Al2 O3 particles and cemented with Cimento de Zinco, RelyX U100, or Panavia F cements (n = 10/group). Data were square-root transformed and analyzed by 3-way factorial random effect model and Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed significance for the interactions finish line and convergence angle (p < 0.05), convergence angle and time (p < 0.001), and luting cement and time (p < 0.001). Sloping shoulder/20° provided the highest marginal discrepancy when compared to the other finish line/convergence angle combinations, which were statistically similar among each other. For both convergence angles and for all luting cements, the marginal discrepancy was significantly higher after cementation. Before and after cementation, 6° provided better marginal fit than 20°. After cementation, Panavia F provided higher marginal discrepancy than Cimento de Zinco. CONCLUSION: Lower convergence angle combined with shoulder and a low-consistency luting cement is preferable to cement metal copings.

Evaluation of Surface Finish and Dimensional Control of Tribological Metal-Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Pair of Commercially Available Hip Implants.

BACKGROUND: Dimensional control and surface finish of the femoral head and acetabular liner are critical factors in the manufacturing process due to the risk of increased polyethylene wear, which is the primary cause of aseptic failure of a metal/polymer hip prosthesis. The aim of this study is to perform a dimensional and surface finish analysis to evaluate the reproduction and accuracy of the manufacturing processes of metal femoral heads and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene acetabular liners. METHODS: Four femoral heads and acetabular liners from 5 manufacturers were evaluated. The methods of evaluation followed the standards ISO 7206-2:2011 and ISO 21535:2010. RESULTS: The diameter, sphericity, and roughness of the femoral heads from all the manufacturers were in accordance with the standard requirements. Only the sphericity showed a lack of repeatability among the manufacturers. The variability in sphericity was high among some manufacturers and low in others. The diameters of the acetabular liners of 2 manufacturers were not in accordance with the standard requirements. The repeatability of sphericity, thickness, and roughness of the acetabular liners were heterogeneous among the manufacturers, which means that some manufacturers need to improve quality control. CONCLUSION: Our results showed a good dimensional and surface finish control of the manufacturing processes of the femoral heads. However, the same control was not shown during the manufacturing of the acetabular liners although all samples had a thickness and sphericity in accordance with the standard. A better quality control of the manufacturing process of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene acetabular liners should be made to improve the dimensional parameters of the acetabular liners and the tribological pair.

Influence of Surface Roughness on the Fatigue Life of Nickel-Titanium Rotary Endodontic Instruments.

INTRODUCTION: The goal of the present study was to evaluate the influence of surface grooves (peaks and valleys) resulting from machining during the manufacturing process of polished and unpolished nickel-titanium BR4C endodontic files on the fatigue life of the instruments. METHODS: Ten electropolished and 10 unpolished endodontic files were provided by the manufacturer. Specimens were from the same batch, but the unpolished instruments were removed from the production line before surface treatment. The instruments were evaluated with a profilometer to quantify the surface roughness on the working part of the instruments. Then the files were subjected to rotating bending fatigue tests. RESULTS: Analysis with the profilometer showed that surface grooves were deeper on the unpolished instruments compared with their electropolished counterparts. In the rotating bending fatigue test, the mean and standard deviation for the number of cycles until fracture (NCF) were greater for instruments with less pronounced grooves. Student t test revealed significant differences in all tests (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The results from the present study showed that the depth of the surface grooves on the working part affected the NCF of the instruments tested; the smaller the groove depth, the greater the NCF.

Mandatory Rest Stops Improve Athlete Safety during Event Medical Coverage for Ultramarathons.

INTRODUCTION: Provisions of medical direction and clinical services for ultramarathons require specific attention to heat illness. Heat stress can affect athlete performance negatively, and heat accumulation without acclimatization is associated with the development of exertional heat stroke (EHS). In order to potentially mitigate the risk of this safety concern, the Jungle Marathon (Para, Brazil) instituted mandatory rest periods during the first two days of this 7-day, staged, Brazilian ultramarathon. METHODS: Race records were reviewed retrospectively to determine the number of runners that suffered an emergency medical complication related to heat stress and did not finish (DNF) the race. Review of records included three years before and three years after the institution of these mandatory rest periods. RESULTS: A total of 326 runners competed in the Jungle Marathon during the 2008-2013 period of study. During the pre-intervention years, a total of 46 athletes (21%) DNF the full race with 25 (54.3%) cases attributed to heat-related factors. During the post-intervention years, a total of 26 athletes (24.3%) DNF the full race with four (15.4%) cases attributed to heat-related factors. CONCLUSION: Mandatory rest stops during extreme running events in hot or tropical environments, like the Jungle Marathon, are likely to improve athlete safety and improve the heat acclimatization process.

The prevalence of swine enteropathogens in Brazilian grower and finish herds.

Diarrhoea among growing and finishing pigs is an important problem in many herds. The prevalence of L. intracellularis, B. pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae, Salmonella spp., enterotoxigenic E. coli, Trichuris suis and the occurrence of mixed infection were investigated. Fecal samples for forty-six herds with diarrhea or a history of diarrhea were randomly collected in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The enteric pathogens were detected by culture (E. coli and Salmonella sp.), PCR (L. intracellularis and Brachyspira spp.) and eggs counts (T. suis). The overall herd prevalence of L. intracellularis, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium and enterotoxigenic E. coli were 19.56%, 6.52%, 10.86% respectively. Mixed infection was diagnosed in 30.43% of herds, and L. intracellularis and Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium are main pathogens association (10.87%). B. pilosicoli was diagnosed only in two herds, always associated with mixed infections. B. hyodysenteriae and T. suis were not demonstrated in any sample. These pathogens have been reported world-wide but studies regarding epidemiology in Brazil are few. This study contributes to establish of prevention programs for the control enteropathogens in grower finish herds in Brazil.

The prevalence of swine enteropathogens in Brazilian grower and finish herds

Diarrhoea among growing and finishing pigs is an important problem in many herds. The prevalence of L. intracellularis, B. pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae, Salmonella spp., enterotoxigenic E. coli, Trichuris suis and the occurrence of mixed infection were investigated. Fecal samples for forty-six herds with diarrhea or a history of diarrhea were randomly collected in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The enteric pathogens were detected by culture (E. coli and Salmonella sp.), PCR (L. intracellularis and Brachyspira spp.) and eggs counts (T. suis). The overall herd prevalence of L. intracellularis, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium and enterotoxigenic E. coli were 19.56%, 6.52%, 10.86% respectively. Mixed infection was diagnosed in 30.43% of herds, and L. intracellularis and Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium are main pathogens association (10.87%). B. pilosicoli was diagnosed only in two herds, always associated with mixed infections. B. hyodysenteriae and T. suis were not demonstrated in any sample. These pathogens have been reported world-wide but studies regarding epidemiology in Brazil are few. This study contributes to establish of prevention programs for the control enteropathogens in grower finish herds in Brazil.

The prevalence of swine enteropathogens in Brazilian grower and finish herds

Diarrhoea among growing and finishing pigs is an important problem in many herds. The prevalence of L. intracellularis, B. pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae, Salmonella spp., enterotoxigenic E. coli, Trichuris suis and the occurrence of mixed infection were investigated. Fecal samples for forty-six herds with diarrhea or a history of diarrhea were randomly collected in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The enteric pathogens were detected by culture (E. coli and Salmonella sp.), PCR (L. intracellularis and Brachyspira spp.) and eggs counts (T. suis). The overall herd prevalence of L. intracellularis, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium and enterotoxigenic E. coli were 19.56%, 6.52%, 10.86% respectively. Mixed infection was diagnosed in 30.43% of herds, and L. intracellularis and Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium are main pathogens association (10.87%). B. pilosicoli was diagnosed only in two herds, always associated with mixed infections. B. hyodysenteriae and T. suis were not demonstrated in any sample. These pathogens have been reported world-wide but studies regarding epidemiology in Brazil are few. This study contributes to establish of prevention programs for the control enteropathogens in grower finish herds in Brazil.(AU)