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1.
Food Sci Nutr ; 12(6): 4443-4458, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38873454

RESUMO

The aim of this study is to combine flaxseed oil (FO), rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA), with Sunite sheep tail fat (STF) through a lipase-catalyzed transesterification reaction, in order to produce an edible oil with a fatty acid ratio suitable for human needs. Initially, the optimal conditions for esterification were determined using the Box-Behnken design, with the measurement criterion being the content of ALA at the sn-2 position. The results indicated that the highest content of sn-2 ALA was obtained under the conditions of using 6.8 wt% Lipozyme®RMIM as the catalyst, a reaction temperature of 57°C, a reaction time of 3.3 h, and a substrate mass ratio of 5.6:4.4 for STF and FO. This led to the rapid breaking and recombining of molecular bonds, resulting in the interesterified fat (IF) with the highest content of ALA at the sn-2 position. Comparing STF and FO, IF exhibited excellent fatty acid composition and content. Furthermore, IF had a lower melting point and crystallization temperature compared to STF, and its solid fat content decreased with increasing temperature, completely melting at temperatures above 30°C. Thus, IF is a synthesized fat with excellent properties from both animal and vegetable sources.

2.
J Dairy Sci ; 2024 Jun 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38876219

RESUMO

Nutrition and physiological state affect hepatic metabolism. Our objective was to determine if feeding flaxseed oil (∼50% C18:3n-3 cis), high oleic soybean oil (∼70% C18:1 cis-9), or milk fat (∼50% C16:0) alters hepatic expression of PC, PCK1, and PCK2 and the flow of carbons from propionate and pyruvate into the TCA cycle in preruminating calves. Male Holstein calves (n = 40) were assigned to a diet of skim milk with either: 3% milk fat (MF; n = 8), 3% flaxseed oil (Flax; n = 8), 3% high oleic soybean oil (HOSO; n = 8), 1.5% MF + 1.5% high oleic soybean oil (MF-HOSO; n = 8), or 1.5% MF + 1.5% flaxseed oil (MF-Flax; n = 8) from d 14 to d 21 postnatal. At d 21 postnatal, a liver biopsy was taken for gene expression and metabolic flux analysis. Liver explants were incubated in [U-13C] propionate and [U-13C] pyruvate to trace carbon flux through TCA cycle intermediates or with [U-14C] lactate, [1-14C] palmitic acid, or [2-14C] propionate to quantify substrate oxidation to CO2 and acid soluble products. Compared with other treatments, plasma C18:3n-3 cis was 10 times higher and C18:1 cis-9 was 3 times lower in both flax (Flax and MF-Flax) treatments. PC, PCK1, and PCK2 expression and flux of [U-13C] pyruvate as well as [U-13C] propionate were not different between treatments. PC expression was negatively correlated with the enrichment of citrate M+5 and malate M+3, and PCK2 was negatively correlated with citrate M+5, suggesting that when expression of these enzymes is increased, carbon from pyruvate enters the TCA cycle via PC mediated carboxylation, and then OAA is converted to phosphoenolpyruvate via PCK2. Acid soluble product formation and PC expression were reduced in HOSO (MF-HOSO and HOSO) treatments compared with flax (MF-Flax and Flax), indicating that fatty acids regulate PC expression and carbon flux, but that fatty acid flux control points are not connected to PC, PCK1, or PCK2. In conclusion, fatty acids regulate hepatic expression of PC, PCK1, and PCK2, and carbon flux, but the point of control is distinct.

3.
Food Res Int ; 183: 114189, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38760128

RESUMO

Complex coacervation can be used for controlled delivery of bioactive compounds (i.e., flaxseed oil and quercetin). This study investigated the co-encapsulation of flaxseed oil and quercetin by complex coacervation using soluble pea protein (SPP) and gum arabic (GA) as shell materials, followed by innovative electrostatic spray drying (ES). The dried system was analyzed through encapsulation efficiency (EE) and yield (EY), morphological and physicochemical properties, and stability for 60 days. Small droplet size emulsions were produced by GA (in the first step of complex coacervation) due to its greater emulsifying activity than SPP. Oil EY and EE, moisture, and water activity in dried compositions ranged from 75.7 to 75.6, 76.0-73.4 %, 3.4-4.1 %, and 0.1-0.2, respectively. Spherical microcapsules were created with small and aggregated particle size but stable for 60 days. An amount of 8 % of quercetin remained in the dried coacervates after 60 days, with low hydroperoxide production. In summary, when GA is used as the emulsifier and SPP as the second biopolymer in the coacervation process, suitable coacervates for food applications are obtained, with ES being a novel alternative to obtain coacervates in powder, with improved stability for encapsulated compounds. As a result, this study helps provide a new delivery system option and sheds light on how the characteristics of biopolymers and the drying process affect coacervate formation.


Assuntos
Goma Arábica , Óleo de Semente do Linho , Tamanho da Partícula , Quercetina , Secagem por Atomização , Eletricidade Estática , Goma Arábica/química , Quercetina/química , Óleo de Semente do Linho/química , Cápsulas , Emulsões/química , Dessecação/métodos , Proteínas de Ervilha/química , Emulsificantes/química
4.
Ther Apher Dial ; 28(4): 534-546, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38726572

RESUMO

Studies investigating the effects of flaxseed oil on lipid profiles, weight loss, and inflammatory markers have produced inconsistent results. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to explore the impact of flaxseed oil on these parameters in hemodialysis patients. The study protocol was registered online (PROSPERO number: CRD42023484076). The meta-analyses showed a significant decrease in triglyceride (TG) levels (WMD = -85.78 mg/dL, 95% CI: -155.24 to -16.32, I2 = 98.32%) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (WMD = -2.66 mg/L, 95% CI: -4.07 to -1.24, I2 = 92.26%) following consumption of flaxseed oil. Subgroup analyses revealed significant changes in LDL-C, HDL-C, and TC levels only in trials utilizing a dosage higher than 10 g per day and using ground flaxseed oil. Based on the results, flaxseed oil improves CRP and TG levels, and higher doses positively affect lipid profiles. However, it has no significant effect on anthropometric measures.


Assuntos
Óleo de Semente do Linho , Lipídeos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Diálise Renal , Redução de Peso , Humanos , Óleo de Semente do Linho/farmacologia , Óleo de Semente do Linho/administração & dosagem , Redução de Peso/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipídeos/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Inflamação , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Proteína C-Reativa/análise
5.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 270(Pt 1): 132154, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38734331

RESUMO

Flaxseed oil, rich in α-linolenic acid, plays a crucial role in various physiological processes. However, its stability presents certain challenges. In this study, the natural lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) was used to prepare the physical and oxidative stability of flaxseed oil-in-water emulsions. The LCC was characterized by HPLC, GPC, and FT-IR. The stability of emulsions was evaluated by viscosity, modulus, and micro-morphology changes. Then, the oxidation products were monitored by UV-vis spectrophotometer and HPLC. The results revealed that the high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) was successfully prepared with 2.5 wt% LCC at an oil/water ratio of 75/25 (v/v). Small droplet size (13.361 µm) and high viscosity (36,500 mPa·s) were found even after 30-day storage. Steric interactions of the LCC play a crucial role in ensuring stability, intricately linked to the interfacial properties of the emulsion. Meanwhile, the oxidative stability of α-linolenic acid in the encapsulated flaxseed oil was significantly higher than that in the bulk flaxseed oil. The results revealed that the LCC as a suitable emulsifier opens a new window for the storage of functional lipids rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids.


Assuntos
Emulsões , Lignina , Óleo de Semente do Linho , Oxirredução , Água , Óleo de Semente do Linho/química , Emulsões/química , Lignina/química , Água/química , Viscosidade , Carboidratos/química , Ácido alfa-Linolênico/química , Tamanho da Partícula
6.
J Anim Sci ; 1022024 Jan 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38776363

RESUMO

Both n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) have numerous significant physiological roles for mammals. The interplay between these families of FA is of interest in companion animal nutrition due to the influence of the n-6:n-3 FA ratio on the modulation of the inflammatory response in disease management and treatment. As both human and animal diets have shifted to greater consumption of vegetable oils rich in n-6 FA, the supplementation of n-3 FA to canine, feline, and equine diets has been advocated for. Although fish oils are commonly added to supply the long-chain n-3 FA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a heavy reliance on this ingredient by the human, pet food, and equine supplement industries is not environmentally sustainable. Instead, sustainable sourcing of plant-based oils rich in n-3 α-linolenic acid (ALA), such as flaxseed and camelina oils, emerges as a viable option to support an optimal n-6:n-3 FA ratio. Moreover, ALA may offer health benefits that extend beyond its role as a precursor for endogenous EPA and DHA production. The following review underlines the metabolism and recommendations of n-6 and n-3 FA for dogs, cats, and horses and the ratio between them in promoting optimal health and inflammation management. Additionally, insights into both marine and plant-based n-3 FA sources will be discussed, along with the commercial practicality of using plant oils rich in ALA for the provision of n-3 FA to companion animals.


In the realm of companion animal nutrition, the balance between the n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) is important. The shared metabolic pathway of these two FA families and the respective signaling molecules produced have implications for the well-being of companion animals such as dogs, cats, and even horses. The n-6:n-3 FA ratio of the diet can directly influence inflammatory responses, disease management, and overall health. Given the prevalent use of n-6 FA-rich vegetable oils in both human and animal diets, there is a growing need to supplement these animals' diets with n-3 FA. While fish oils containing the long-chain n-3 FA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been the conventional choice, their overreliance is environmentally unsustainable. Plant-based oils abundant in the n-3 FA α-linolenic acid (ALA) such as flaxseed and camelina oils should be considered, especially given the health benefits of ALA that extend beyond its role as a precursor to EPA and DHA. This review examines the importance of n-3 FA and the n-6:n-3 FA ratio in companion animal diets on animal health while discussing environmentally sustainable alternatives to fish oil to supplement n-3 FA.


Assuntos
Ração Animal , Dieta , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3 , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-6 , Ácido alfa-Linolênico , Animais , Cães , Cavalos , Gatos , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/metabolismo , Ácido alfa-Linolênico/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-6/metabolismo , Ração Animal/análise , Dieta/veterinária , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal
7.
J Fluoresc ; 2024 Apr 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38602591

RESUMO

Fluorescence spectroscopy has been employed for the compositional analysis of flaxseed oil, detection of its adulteration and investigation of the thermal effects on its molecular composition. Excitation wavelengths from 320 to 420 nm have been used to explore the valued ingredients in flaxseed oil. The emission bands of flaxseed oil centred at 390, 414, 441, 475, 515 and 673/720 nm represent vitamin K, isomers of vitamin E, carotenoids and chlorophylls, which can be used as a marker for quality analysis. Due to its high quality, it is highly prone to adulteration and in this study, detection of its adulteration with canola oil is demonstrated by applying principal component analysis. Moreover, the effects of temperature on the molecular composition of cold pressed flaxseed oil has been explored by heating them at cooking temperatures of 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170 and 180 °C, each for 30 min. On heating, the deterioration of vitamin E, carotenoids and chlorophylls occurred with an increase in the oxidation products. However, it was found that up to 140 °C, flaxseed oil retains much of its natural composition whereas up to 180 oC, it loses much of its valuable ingredients along with increase of oxidized products.

8.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) ; 15: 1280760, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38469148

RESUMO

Background: This study was designed to explore the effects of flaxseed oil on the metaphase II (MII) oocyte rates in women with decreased ovarian reserve (DOR). Methods: The women with DOR were divided into a study group (n = 108, flaxseed oil treatment) and a control group (n = 110, no treatment). All patients were treated with assisted reproductive technology (ART). Subsequently, the ART stimulation cycle parameters, embryo transfer (ET) results, and clinical reproductive outcomes were recorded. The influencing factors affecting the MII oocyte rate were analyzed using univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. Results: Flaxseed oil reduced the recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (r-hFSH) dosage and stimulation time and increased the peak estradiol (E2) concentration in DOR women during ART treatment. The MII oocyte rate, fertilization rate, cleavage rate, high-quality embryo rate, and blastocyst formation rate were increased after flaxseed oil intervention. The embryo implantation rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group (p = 0.05). Additionally, the female age [odds ratio (OR): 0.609, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.52-0.72, p < 0.01] was the hindering factor of MII oocyte rate, while anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH; OR: 100, 95% CI: 20.31-495, p < 0.01), peak E2 concentration (OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 1.00-1.00, p = 0.01), and the intake of flaxseed oil (OR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.06-5.93, p = 0.04) were the promoting factors for MII oocyte rate. Conclusion: Flaxseed oil improved ovarian response and the quality of oocytes and embryos, thereby increasing the fertilization rate and high-quality embryo rate in DOR patients. The use of flaxseed oil was positively correlated with MII oocyte rate in women with DOR. Clinical trial number: https://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier ChiCTR2300073785.


Assuntos
Óleo de Semente do Linho , Reserva Ovariana , Feminino , Humanos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Transferência Embrionária/métodos , Fertilização in vitro , Óleo de Semente do Linho/farmacologia , Metáfase , Oócitos
9.
Food Chem ; 448: 138988, 2024 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38522295

RESUMO

This study prepared emulsion gels by modifying ovalbumin (OVA)-flaxseed oil (FSO) emulsions with transglutaminase (TGase) and investigated their properties, structure and oxidative stability under different enzyme reaction times. Here, we found prolonged reaction times led to the transformation of α-helix and ß-turn into ß-sheet and random coil. The elasticity, hardness and water retention of the emulsion gels increased significantly, but the water-holding capacity decreased when the reaction time exceeded 4 h. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) indicated extended enzyme reaction time fostered oil droplet aggregation with proteins. Emulsion gel reduced FSO oxidation, especially after 4 h of the enzyme reaction, the peroxide value (PV) of the emulsion gel was reduced by 29.16% compared to the control. In summary, the enzyme reaction time of 4 h resulted in the formation of a dense gel structure and enhanced oxidative stability. This study provides the potential applications in functional foods and biomedical fields.


Assuntos
Emulsões , Géis , Óleo de Semente do Linho , Ovalbumina , Oxirredução , Transglutaminases , Ovalbumina/química , Transglutaminases/química , Transglutaminases/metabolismo , Emulsões/química , Óleo de Semente do Linho/química , Géis/química
10.
Nutrients ; 16(5)2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38474847

RESUMO

Altered intestinal health is also associated with the incidence and severity of many chronic inflammatory conditions, which could be attenuated via dietary n-3 PUFA interventions. However, little is known about the effect of lifelong exposure to n-3 PUFA from plant and marine sources (beginning in utero via the maternal diet) on early life biomarkers of intestinal health. Harems of C57Bl/6 mice were randomly assigned to one of three isocaloric AIN-93G modified diets differing in their fat sources consisting of the following: (i) 10% safflower oil (SO, enriched in n-6 PUFA), (ii) 3% flaxseed oil + 7% safflower oil (FX, plant-based n-3 PUFA-enriched diet), or (iii) 3% menhaden fish oil + 7% safflower oil (MO, marine-based n-3 PUFA-enriched diet). Mothers remained on these diets throughout pregnancy and offspring (n = 14/diet) continued on the same parental diet until termination at 3 weeks of age. In ileum, villi:crypt length ratios were increased in both the FX and MO dietary groups compared to SO (p < 0.05). Ileum mRNA expression of critical intestinal health biomarkers was increased by both n-3 PUFA-enriched diets including Relmß and REG3γ compared to SO (p < 0.05), whereas only the FX diet increased mRNA expression of TFF3 and Muc2 (p < 0.05) and only the MO diet increased mRNA expression of ZO-1 (p < 0.05). In the proximal colon, both the FX and MO diets increased crypt lengths compared to SO (p < 0.05), whereas only the MO diet increased goblet cell numbers compared to SO (p < 0.05). Further, the MO diet increased proximal colon mRNA expression of Relmß and REG3γ (p < 0.05) and both MO and FX increased mRNA expression of Muc2 compared to SO (p < 0.05). Collectively, these results demonstrate that lifelong exposure to dietary n-3 PUFA, beginning in utero, from both plant and marine sources, can support intestinal health development in early life. The differential effects between plant and marine sources warrants further investigation for optimizing health.


Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3 , Camundongos , Animais , Gravidez , Feminino , Óleo de Cártamo , Óleos de Peixe , Dieta , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Biomarcadores , Expressão Gênica , RNA Mensageiro , Ácidos Graxos
11.
Food Chem ; 448: 139026, 2024 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38531298

RESUMO

Linusorbs (LOs), significantly influence oil quality and sensory properties of flaxseed oil. Trp-containing LOs exhibit distinct oxidative behavior when γ-tocopherol (γ-T) is present. Polar fractions of crude flaxseed oil were stripped via silica absorption, and reintroduced (LO and γ-T) separately into the oil matrix to investigate their interaction during storage. Compared with crude oil, LOs account for 18.49% reduction of p-anisidine value, while LOs with γ-T contributed to most of the endogenous antioxidant effect in crude oil. γ-T was found to suppress oxidation of Trp-containing LO at early stage (Met form), while facilitate oxidation while at their mid-stage (MetO form, Methionine sulfoxide). In vitro oxidation shows that CLD more likely cleaved into peptide fragments, while few products retain intact ring structures. LC-MS/MS analysis and silicon simulation revealed proximity between MetO and Trp residues, facilitating inter- or intra-molecular reactions and ring structure rupture. Remarkably, the presence of γ-T facilitate these phenomena.


Assuntos
Óleo de Semente do Linho , Triptofano , gama-Tocoferol , Triptofano/química , Óleo de Semente do Linho/química , gama-Tocoferol/química , Oxirredução , Antioxidantes/química , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Linho/química
12.
J Food Sci Technol ; 61(4): 675-687, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38410269

RESUMO

The thermal degradation kinetics of flaxseed oil (FSO) and moringa oil (MO) blends with soyabean oil (SOY; 80%), rice bran oil (RBO; 80%), cotton seed oil (CSO; 80%) and sunflower oil (SFO; 80%) with Rancimat equipment. There was no significant (p ≤ 0.05) difference observed in the specific gravity (SG), density (D), and refractive index (RI) values of the MO and FSO blends, while the rancidity parameters showed the opposite variations. The FTIR spectra showed absorption bands at 966 cm-1, 1097 cm-1, 1160 cm-1, 1217 cm-1, 1377 cm-1, 1464 cm-1, 1743 cm-1, 2945 cm-1, 2852 cm-1 and 3008 cm-1. Oil blends' kinetic degradation (Ea, ΔH, ΔS, A) is represented by the semilogarithmic relationship between the oxidative stability index (OSI) and temperature. The activation energy (Ea) ranged from 77.1 ± 0.21 to 106.9 ± 0.03 kJ/mol and 73.2 ± 0.01 to 104.4 ± 0.02 kJ/mol for flaxseed oil (FSO) and moringa oil (MO) blends, respectively. The enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) ranged from 67.3 to 121.6 kJ/mol, and - 60.2 to - 8.4 J/mol, and 63.55 to 95.59 kJ/mol and - 20.66 to - 4.11 J/mol for FSO blends and MO blends, respectively.

13.
J Food Prot ; 87(2): 100221, 2024 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38215978

RESUMO

Flaxseed oil is an important source of vegetable oil with a polyunsaturated fatty acid. It is significant to establish a method to quickly identify adulterated flaxseed oil. In the present study, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytosterol of flaxseed oil from different varieties and different production areas in the Qinghai area was first performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the phytosterol standard profile of flaxseed oil was established. Then, a combination of similarity evaluation and cluster analysis was used to distinguish pure flaxseed oil from flaxseed oil adulterated with concentrations of 10-50% rapeseed oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, and sesame oil, and discriminant analysis was used to identify the types of adulterated flaxseed oil. The results showed that similarity evaluation combined with cluster analysis can distinguish pure and adulterated flaxseed oil when the concentration of the adulterant was greater than 10%. Discriminant analysis models accurately identified the types of adulterating oil in flaxseed oil when the concentration of rapeseed, peanut, or sunflower oil was greater than 20%, and that of sesame oil was greater than 30%. This study shows that the determination of the phytosterol composition and chemometrics is a valuable tool to evaluate the purity of flaxseed oil.


Assuntos
Óleo de Semente do Linho , Fitosteróis , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Óleo de Gergelim/análise , Óleo de Gergelim/química , Quimiometria , Óleos de Plantas , Óleo de Girassol
14.
BMC Complement Med Ther ; 24(1): 6, 2024 Jan 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38167049

RESUMO

Flaxseed is an ancient commercial oil that historically has been used as a functional food to lower cholesterol levels. However, despite its longstanding treatment, there is currently a lack of scientific evidence to support its role in the management of cardiac remodeling. This study aimed to address this gap in knowledge by examining the molecular mechanism of standardized flaxseed oil in restoring cardiac remodeling in the heart toxicity vivo model. The oil fraction was purified, and the major components were standardized by qualitative and quantitative analysis. In vivo experimental design was conducted using isoproterenol ISO (85 mg/kg) twice subcutaneously within 24 h between each dose. The rats were treated with flaxseed oil fraction (100 mg/kg orally) and the same dose was used for omega 3 supplement as a positive control group. The GC-MS analysis revealed that α-linolenic acid (24.6%), oleic acid (10.5%), glycerol oleate (9.0%) and 2,3-dihydroxypropyl elaidate (7%) are the major components of oil fraction. Physicochemical analysis indicated that the acidity percentage, saponification, peroxide, and iodine values were 0.43, 188.57, 1.22, and 122.34 respectively. As compared with healthy control, ISO group-induced changes in functional cardiac parameters. After 28-day pretreatment with flaxseed oil, the results indicated an improvement in cardiac function, a decrease in apoptosis, and simultaneous prevention of myocardial fibrosis. The plasma levels of BNP, NT-pro-BNP, endothelin-1, Lp-PLA2, and MMP2, and cTnI and cTn were significantly diminished, while a higher plasma level of Topo 2B was observed. Additionally, miRNA - 1 and 29b were significantly downregulated. These findings provide novel insight into the mechanism of flaxseed oil in restoring cardiac remodeling and support its future application as a cardioprotective against heart diseases.


Assuntos
Óleo de Semente do Linho , MicroRNAs , Ratos , Animais , Óleo de Semente do Linho/farmacologia , Óleo de Semente do Linho/química , Remodelação Ventricular , Apoptose , Expressão Gênica
15.
Saudi J Biol Sci ; 31(2): 103921, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38268782

RESUMO

Carbendazim (CBZ) is a widely used fungicide that is used to control the unwanted growth of fungi on fruits and vegetables. Sixty male rats were divided into six groups, each having ten. Group one served as control, animals belonging to group two were exposed to CBZ in the measure of 200 mg/kg body weight (BW). In the third and fourth groups, rats were administered 800 mg/kg BW of Moringa oleifera (moringa oil) and Linum usitatissimum L. (flaxseed oil), plus CBZ with the same dose given to group two. Groups five and six were administered with moringa and flaxseed oils respectively for six weeks. A marked decline was seen in oxidative stress markers, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and a rise in malondialdehyde (MDA) level in group two with severe histological disruptions. Moringa oil and flaxseed oil were used to alleviate these changes. In addition, a biocomputational molecular docking analysis of three proteins found in male rats was performed. In relation to CBZ (CID:10584007) the screened proteins namely testis-expressed protein (TX101_RAT), EPPI_RAT, and glutathione peroxidase 5 (GPX5_RAT) were docked, and their docking score were obtained (-5.9 kcal/mol), (-5.8 kcal/mol) and (-5.6 kcal/mol) respectively. By examining these interactions in 2D and 3D structures, a detailed understanding of the unique and specific binding affinity, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, and water bonds were obtained. Structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) molecular docking analysis showed that protein interaction with CBZ causes reproductive complications in protein expression and functions by hampering their normal function and blocking active sites.

16.
Nutr Res ; 121: 16-27, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38039598

RESUMO

Induction of obesity by dietary fats and oils differs according to the type of fat. Adiponectin is believed to be related to obesity prevention. We hypothesized that flaxseed oil is important for preventing obesity and producing adiponectin. To clarify this hypothesis, we investigated the relationship between obesity and different fat sources in mice fed diets with 6 types of fat and oils. C57BL/6J mice were given a control diet containing 5% corn oil or a high-fat diet containing 20% of either lard, palm oil, rapeseed oil, oleate-rich safflower oil, corn oil, or flaxseed oil for 14 weeks. In another experiment, mice were given a control diet and rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg body weight) by oral gavage for 1 week. At the end of study, plasma adiponectin and expression of fatty acid metabolism-related factors in white and brown adipose tissue and the liver were measured. Dietary flaxseed oil, which is rich in α-linolenic acid, did not induce obesity. Flaxseed oil resulted in increased ß-oxidation-related factors in epididymal white adipose tissue, decreased fatty acid synthesis-related factors in the liver, and thermogenesis-related factor in brown adipose tissue following increase of plasma adiponectin. The results suggested that increase in plasma adiponectin after intake of flaxseed oil may be due to altered expression of AdipoQ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in epididymal white adipose tissue. Flaxseed oil increased expression of adiponectin in visceral fat and regulated obesity-controlling fatty acid metabolism-related factors in white adipose tissue and liver, and thermogenesis-related factor in brown adipose tissue.


Assuntos
Linho , Óleo de Semente do Linho , Camundongos , Animais , Óleo de Semente do Linho/farmacologia , Adiponectina , Óleo de Milho , Gordura Intra-Abdominal , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Obesidade/etiologia , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Ácido alfa-Linolênico
17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37977491

RESUMO

Ahiflower® oil is high in α-linolenic and stearidonic acids, however, tissue/blood docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) turnover from dietary Ahiflower oil has not been investigated. In this study, we use compound-specific isotope analysis to determine tissue DHA synthesis/turnover from Ahiflower, flaxseed and DHA oils. Pregnant BALB/c mice (13-17 days) were placed on a 2 % algal DHA oil diet of high carbon-13 content (δ13C) and pups (n = 132) were maintained on the diet until 9 weeks old. Mice were then randomly allocated to a low δ13C-n-3 PUFA diet of either: 1) 4 % Ahiflower oil, 2) 4.35 % flaxseed oil or 3) 1 % fish DHA ethyl ester oil for 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 60 or 120 days (n = 6). Serum, liver, adipose and brains were collected and DHA levels and δ13C were determined. DHA concentrations were highest (p < 0.05) in the liver and adipose of DHA-fed animals with no diet differences in serum or brain (p > 0.05). Based on the presence or absence of overlapping 95 % C.I.'s, DHA half-lives and synthesis/turnover rates were not different between Ahiflower and DHA diets in the liver, adipose or brain. DHA half-lives and synthesis/turnover rates from flaxseed oil were significantly slower than from the DHA diet in all serum/tissues. These findings suggest that the distinct Ahiflower oil n-3 PUFA composition could support tissue DHA needs at a similar rate to dietary DHA, making it a unique plant-based dietary option for maintaining DHA turnover comparably to dietary DHA.


Assuntos
Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3 , Camundongos , Animais , Óleo de Semente do Linho , Óleos de Peixe , Dieta
18.
Food Res Int ; 175: 113728, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38129043

RESUMO

Flaxseed oil (FO) has been demonstrated its multiple beneficial effects in vivo due to high concentration of α-linolenic acid. The deterioration of FO can be triggered by high temperature heating during the deep frying process resulting in alteration of healthy properties. In this study, the effect of FO before and after deep frying on lipid metabolism and gut homeostasis of rats was investigated compared to deep-fried palm oil (DPO) treated group. Deep-fried flaxseed oil (DFO) treatment significantly enhanced the triglyceride accumulation in serum and liver tissues of rats. A greater increase of peroxides and proinflammatory cytokine levels was found in the serum of DFO treated rats compared to other groups. The histopathologic data indicated that DFO and DPO reduced the villus height of intestinal and colonic tissues and increased the inflammatory cell infiltration. The inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-6) were enhanced and the key markers of epithelia colonic tissues (occludin and MUC-2) were suppressed in rats with DFO interventions, which is in consistency with histopathologic results. In addition, FO could increase the number of beneficial bacteria while the relative abundance of obesity and inflammatory-related bacteria was promoted by DFO treatment, including Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Selenomonadales. In conclusion, DFO intake had a significant impact on the disruption of gut barrier homeostasis, potentially worsening the dysbiosis than DPO. The beneficial effects of FO in vivo could be significantly reduced by extreme deep frying, which suggests the need for moderate cooking edible oils such as FO.


Assuntos
Óleo de Semente do Linho , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Ratos , Animais , Óleo de Semente do Linho/farmacologia , Óleo de Semente do Linho/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Óleo de Palmeira/metabolismo , Homeostase
19.
Animal ; 17(12): 101034, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38070473

RESUMO

Camelina (Camelina sativa) is a hardy, low-input oilseed crop that provides a rich source of the n-3 fatty acid, α-linolenic acid (ALA). The primary purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of dietary camelina oil (CAM) consumption on various health parameters, as compared to horses fed canola oil (OLA) or flax oil (FLX). Secondly, to determine how dietary CAM, FLX, and OLA alter circulating plasma total lipids across time. Thirty horses, from three separate herds, were used for this study [14.9 years ± 5.3 years; 544 ± 66 kg calculated BW (mean ± SD)]. After a 4-week gradual acclimation period using sunflower oil mixed with soaked hay cubes, horses were balanced by location, age, sex, weight, and breed and randomly allocated to one of three treatment oils (CAM, OLA, or FLX) at an inclusion of 370 mg of oil/kg BW/day. Horses had ad libitum access to hay and/or pasture for the duration of the study. Body condition score (BCS), BW, oil intake, complete blood counts, plasma biochemical profiles, and plasma total lipids were measured on weeks 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 throughout the 16-week treatment period. BW, BCS, and oil intake were analyzed using an ANOVA using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS Studio. Complete blood counts and biochemical profiles were analyzed using an ANCOVA, and fatty acids were analyzed using an ANOVA in PROC MIXED in SAS Studio. No differences were observed among treatment groups for BW, BCS, oil intake, complete blood counts, and biochemical parameters. Individual fatty acids that differed among treatments and/or across time were largely reflective of the different FA profiles of the oils provided. Most notably, plasma ALA was greater for FLX than OLA, but neither differed from CAM (P = 0.01). Linoleic acid did not differ among treatments or over time (P > 0.05). The n-6:n-3 ratio decreased over time for both CAM and FLX, and ratios were lower for FLX than OLA at week 16, but not different from CAM (P = 0.02). These results suggest that dietary CAM had no adverse effects on health parameters and that daily supplementation of CAM and FLX at 370 mg of oil/kg BW/day induces positive changes (a decrease) in the n-6:n-3 status of the horse. Consequently, CAM may be considered as an alternative oil to FLX in equine diets.


Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos , Linho , Cavalos , Animais , Óleo de Brassica napus , Melhoramento Vegetal , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais
20.
Nutrients ; 15(21)2023 Oct 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37960203

RESUMO

Hyperammonemia is characterized by the excessive accumulation of ammonia in the body as a result of the loss of liver detoxification, leading to the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). These metabolic alterations carry cognitive and motor deficits and cause neuronal damage, with no effective treatment at present. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of two subacute oral administrations of flaxseed oil (0.26 and 0.52 mL/kg) on short- and long-term memory, visuospatial memory, locomotor activity, motor coordination, and the neuronal morphology of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) via tests on Wistar rats with hyperammonemia. The goal was to identify its role in the regulation of cerebral edema, without liver damage causing cerebral failure. In contrast with an ammonium-rich diet, flaxseed oil and normal foods did not cause cognitive impairment or motor alterations, as evidenced in the short-term and visuospatial memory tests. Furthermore, the flaxseed oil treatment maintained a regular neuronal morphology of the prefrontal cortex, which represents a neuroprotective effect. We conclude that the oral administration of flaxseed oil prevents cognitive and motor impairments as well as neuronal alterations in rats with hyperammonemia, which supports the potential use of this oil to ameliorate the changes that occur in hepatic encephalopathy.


Assuntos
Linho , Encefalopatia Hepática , Hiperamonemia , Ratos , Animais , Encefalopatia Hepática/etiologia , Encefalopatia Hepática/prevenção & controle , Encefalopatia Hepática/metabolismo , Ratos Wistar , Óleo de Semente do Linho/farmacologia , Hiperamonemia/complicações , Cognição
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