Seizures in self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes: video-EEG documentation.

PURPOSE: Self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, formerly called benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, or rolandic epilepsy, is an age-related and well-defined epileptic syndrome. Since seizures associated with rolandic spikes are infrequent and usually occur during sleep, and repetitive or prolonged EEG recording for diagnostic purposes is not necessary for diagnosis, reports of ictal video-electroencephalographic seizures in this syndrome are rare. We aimed to show ictal video-EEG of typical rolandic seizures. METHODS: We report the ictal video-EEG recordings of two children with rolandic epilepsy who presented typical rolandic seizures during routine recording. RESULTS: Case 1: A 9-year-old boy, with normal development, had his first seizure at 8 years old, characterized by paresthesia in his left face, blocking of speech, and drooling. Carbamazepine was started with seizure control. Case 2: A 10-year-old boy, with normal development, started with focal seizures during sleep, characterized by eye and perioral deviation, and speech arrest at age of 7. He started using oxcarbazepine. Both patients underwent routine electroencephalography for electroclinical diagnosis and presented a seizure. CONCLUSION: Although self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes is a very common epileptic syndrome, seizure visualization is very difficult, and these videos may bring didactical information for recognition of this usual presentation of benign childhood focal epilepsy.

Crisis parciales como presentación atípica de aneurisma gigante / Partial seizures as atypical presentation giant aneurysm

Los aneurismas gigantes suelen manifestarse en forma de hemorragia subaracnoidea o cefalea. La presentación clínica de un aneurisma gigante intracraneal como epilepsia parcial es inusual, como lo indican los pocos casos recogidos en la literatura. Se presenta el caso de un aneurisma gigante intracraneal de arteria carótida interna derecha, que debuta con crisis focales del lóbulo temporal, manteniéndose sin otra manifestación a lo largo de años a pesar de las llamativas dimensiones.

Giant intracranial aneurysms are usually manifested as subarachnoid hemorrhage or headache. The clinical debut of a giant intracranial aneurysm as partial epilepsy is unusual and indicates the few cases reported in the literature. For giant aneurysm of an intracranial internal carotid artery occurs. Debuts with focal seizures of the temporal lobe, remaining without further demonstration over the years despite the striking dimensions.

Análise da associação entre a presença de lesão estrutural do encéfalo e ocorrência de crise epiléptica e epilepsia / Trajectory of a Sentinel Event Assistance: evaluation of a full diabetic user attention in SUS from Severe Diabetic Retinopathy

A pesquisa de lesão estrutural do cérebro em pacientes com crise epiléptica e epilepsia é fundamental no diagnóstico e tratamento da síndrome epiléptica. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar freqüência e associação entre características clínicas e presença de lesões estruturais do encéfalo detectadas no exame de ressonância magnética, com o status e as formas clínicas da epilepsia. Avaliou-se o perfil clínico dos pacientes e das lesões estruturais do encéfalo na imagem por ressonância magnética em 140 pacientes com epilepsia ou crise epiléptica, encaminhados para exame de ressonância magnética e catalogados por demanda espontânea, desde outubro de 2003 até janeiro de 2005. O estudo foi do tipo caso-controle com casos prevalentes. A idade variou de um a 59 anos (mediana de 15,0 anos), sendo 51,6 por cento do gênero masculino. A crise epiléptica foi focal em 55 por cento, a freqüência mensal de até 10 crises foi registrada em 77,6 por cento e o exame neurológico foi normal em 64,2 por cento dos pacientes. Epilepsia farmacoresistente foi identificada em 76,3 por cento e crise epiléptica única em 15,7 por cento. A imagem por ressonância magnética foi anormal em 72,8 por cento dos pacientes. O lobo temporal foi local para 50,5 por cento das alterações. As mais encontradas foram: anormalidades no hipocampo (41,1 por cento); malformações do desenvolvimento cortical (19.6 por cento); isquemia (5,8 por cento); tumor (6,8 por cento); cavernoma(2,9 por cento); facomatose (4,9 por cento); cicatriz (4,9 por cento); inflamatório (4,9 por cento); outras (8,8 por cento). A alteração estrutural na imagem de ressonância magnética foi mais presente entre os pacientes com epilepsia focal e farmacorresistente, sendo o lobo temporal a região com mais alterações. Os pacientes com tumor cerebral apresentaram mais CE focal e a atrofia do córtex cerebral foi alteração freqüente na IRM de pacientes com epilepsia farmacorresistente. Os pacientes com idade maior de 15 anos, número mensal maior de crises e epilepsia sintomática apresentaram maior risco para CE focal e aqueles com crise epiléptica única apresentaram mais CE generalizada. O risco para epilepsia farmacorresistente foi maior entre os pacientes com anormalidades no exame de ressonância magnética, antecedente pessoal e exame neurológico anormais.

The research of structural lesion of the brain in patients with epilepsy is fundamental to diagnosis and treatment of the epileptic syndrome. The authors evaluated the patients clinical profile and structural lesions of the brain in magnetic resonance image of 140 patients with epilepsy and classified by spontaneous demand, since October of 2003 to January of 2005. The study was a case-control with prevalent cases and aged between 1 and 59 years (medium 15,0 years), being 51,6% of masculine gender. Epileptic seizure was focal in 55%, monthly frequency of 10 or less was registered in 77,6% and neurological exam was normal in 64,2% of patients. Refractory Epilepsy was identified in 76,3% and single seizure in 15,7%. Magnetic resonance image was abnormal in 72,8% of patients. Temporal lobe was the local for 50,5% of the alterations, presented as: hypocampal abnormalities (41,1%); malformations of the cortical development (19.6%); stroke (5,8%); tumor (6,8%); cavernoma (2,9%); facomatoses (4,9%); scar (4,9%); inflammatory (4,9%); others (8,8%). The structural alteration in the image of magnetic resonance was more present among patients with focal and refractory epilepsy, being the temporal lobe the area with more alterations. Patiensts with focal seizures presented more cerebral tumor and those with refractory epilepsy presented cerebral cortex atrophy in magnetic resonance image. Patients more than 15 years old had high frequency of seizures and with syntomatic epilepsy,also presented more risk for focal seizures. Generalized seizure was presented mostin those with a single resonance image, abnormal personal antecedent and neurological alterations.