Photoprotection Knowledge, Habits, and Attitudes Among Spanish and Italian Medical Students. / Conocimientos y hábitos sobre fotoprotección en estudiantes de Medicina españoles e italianos.

Exposure to UV radiation is a major risk factor for the development of malignant skin neoplasms. Currently, there are no studies available on sun-exposure habits among different countries. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among medical students from the University of Rome, Italy and the University of Granada, Spain to compare their photoprotection knowledge, habits, and attitudes. A total of 215 medical students (114 Spanish, and 101 Italian) were included. Spanish students considered the Sun to be the main cause of skin cancer (83.3% vs 61.4%, P=.003) and they looked at their skin more often than Italian students did (32.5% vs 9.9%, P <.001). The latter received information on photoprotection mainly from their dermatologist (34.7%, 35/101) vs Spaniards who received such information from their university (39.5%, 45/114; P <.001). After studying dermatology, Spaniards used sunscreen more frequently than Italians did (76.8% before vs 88.1% after; P=.007), and recognised the need to implement other measures as well (44.9% vs 67.2%; P=.025).

Fotoprotección; un reto en la Cuba de hoy

La fotoprotecciónes el proceso de crear una barrera entre la piel y el solpara la protección de las radiaciones solares perjudiciales.La utilización de una correctafotoprotección solar,no sólo ayuda a prevenir algunos de los efectos perjudiciales en la piel a corto plazo, sino que también ayuda a prevenir otras a largo plazo, como el envejecimiento prematuro de la piel, las manchas en la piel y el más temido por todos, el cáncer de piel.Se ha descrito, un aumento de la radiación solar y como consecuencia de esta, un significativo incremento decasos de cáncer de piel en Cuba. La fotoprotección permitirá a los cubanos estar expuestos al sol durante más tiempo, sin que la piel sufra quemaduras y atenuando los efectos nocivos del sol.

Photoprotection is the process of creating a barrier between the skin and the sun to protect against harmful solar radiation.The use of proper solar photoprotection helps prevent some of the harmful effects on the skin in the short term.It also helps prevent others in the long term, such as premature aging of the skin, skin spots and the most feared of all, skin cancer. It has been reported an increment in solar radiation and as a result, a significant increase in cases of skin cancer in Cuba. Photoprotection will allow Cubans to be exposed to the sun for a longer period of time without skin burns and mitigate the harmful effects of the sun.

A fotoproteção é o processo de criação de uma barreira entre a pele e o sol para proteção contra a radiação solar nociva. O uso da proteção solar correta não só ajuda a prevenir alguns dos efeitos nocivos sobre a pele a curto prazo, mas também ajuda a prevenir outros a longo prazo, como o envelhecimento precoce da pele, manchas na pele e o mais temido por todos, o câncer de pele. Um aumento na radiação solar tem sido descrito e, como consequência, um aumento significativo nos casos de câncer de pele em Cuba. A fotoproteção permitirá que os cubanos fiquem expostos ao sol por mais tempo, sem sofrer queimaduras e atenuar os efeitos nocivos do sol.

Impacto de los filtros ultravioleta en el entorno natural / Environmental Impact of UV Filters

Los filtros ultravioleta (UV) se han convertido en compuestos de uso diario para millones de personas. Sin embargo, algunos de ellos no son biodegradables al 100% y las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales muchas veces no son capaces de filtrarlos correctamente. Todo ello está llevando a su diseminación ambiental y a la detección de distintos filtros UV en el suelo, las aguas continentales, los océanos y en múltiples organismos (algas, corales, peces, mamíferos, incluso aves terrestres). Además, algunos filtros UV, especialmente la benzofenona-3 y el octocrileno se han mostrado tóxicos en estos organismos. Entre sus efectos tóxicos destacamos el blanqueamiento de los corales y problemas metabólicos, enzimáticos y de capacidad reproductiva en prácticamente cualquier organismo. Existen datos preliminares sobre la posible bioacumulación de estos filtros UV en humanos, al detectarse en muestras de orina y leche materna. Sin embargo, el estudio del impacto medioambiental de los filtros UV presenta muchas limitaciones (AU)

UV filters are used daily by millions of people. Not all of these filters, however, are 100% biodegradable, and many wastewater treatments plants are ill-equipped to filter them properly. As a result, UV filters are increasingly reaching the environment. Various types have been detected in soil, continental water, oceans, and numerous organisms, including algae, corals, fish, mammals, and even land birds. In addition, some filters, benzophenone-3 and octocrylene in particular, are toxic to these organisms. Toxic effects include coral bleaching and interference with metabolic, enzymatic, and reproductive activities in practically all organisms. Preliminary data suggest that UV filters may be bioaccumulating in humans, as they have been detected in urine and breast milk. It should be noted, however, that research into the environmental impact of UV filters holds challenges and limitations (AU)

[Translated article] Environmental Impact of UV Filters / Impacto de los filtros ultravioleta en el entorno natural

UV filters are used daily by millions of people. Not all of these filters, however, are 100% biodegradable, and many wastewater treatments plants are ill-equipped to filter them properly. As a result, UV filters are increasingly reaching the environment. Various types have been detected in soil, continental water, oceans, and numerous organisms, including algae, corals, fish, mammals, and even land birds. In addition, some filters, benzophenone-3 and octocrylene in particular, are toxic to these organisms. Toxic effects include coral bleaching and interference with metabolic, enzymatic, and reproductive activities in practically all organisms. Preliminary data suggest that UV filters may be bioaccumulating in humans, as they have been detected in urine and breast milk. It should be noted, however, that research into the environmental impact of UV filters holds challenges and limitations (AU)

Los filtros ultravioleta (UV) se han convertido en compuestos de uso diario para millones de personas. Sin embargo, algunos de ellos no son biodegradables al 100% y las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales muchas veces no son capaces de filtrarlos correctamente. Todo ello está llevando a su diseminación ambiental y a la detección de distintos filtros UV en el suelo, las aguas continentales, los océanos y en múltiples organismos (algas, corales, peces, mamíferos, incluso aves terrestres). Además, algunos filtros UV, especialmente la benzofenona-3 y el octocrileno se han mostrado tóxicos en estos organismos. Entre sus efectos tóxicos destacamos el blanqueamiento de los corales y problemas metabólicos, enzimáticos y de capacidad reproductiva en prácticamente cualquier organismo. Existen datos preliminares sobre la posible bioacumulación de estos filtros UV en humanos, al detectarse en muestras de orina y leche materna. Sin embargo, el estudio del impacto medioambiental de los filtros UV presenta muchas limitaciones (AU)

Prevención de cáncer de piel en el Hospital de Clínicas: ¿qué sabe el personal de salud? / Prevention of skin cancer in the Hospital de Clínicas: what do health personnel know? / Prevenção do câncer de pele no Hospital de Clínicas: o que sabem os profissionais de saúde?

El cáncer de piel es la neoplasia maligna más frecuente en Uruguay así como a nivel mundial, donde muere una persona cada menos de cuatro días por ésta causa. La medida de prevención primaria más efectiva es tener hábitos de fotoprotección, lo cual se consigue mediante la educación en salud y campañas preventivas. En el presente trabajo se resumen los resultados del examen físico realizado a funcionarios del Hospital de Clínicas en el contexto de la Campaña de Prevención de Cáncer de Piel 2017 y los hábitos y conocimientos de fotoprotección de los mismos. La amplia mayoría de los asistentes considera que cuenta con información suficiente sobre cómo protegerse del sol, que proviene, en un 39% de los casos de la televisión. Aún asi, el 41% de ellos, sólo se protege en ocasiones especiales como viajes y verano y únicamente 3 de los participantes emplea medidas adecuadas. Con respecto a campañas previas, 94% no recordaba otra campaña de prevención de cáncer de piel y era la primera vez que concurría a una el 99% de los individuos, lo que pone en manifiesto la necesidad de reforzar la planificación y ejecución de campañas y medidas efectivas para la promoción y prevención del cáncer de piel en los próximos años a fin de lograr disminuir la incidencia de cáncer de piel que continúa en aumento.

O câncer de pele é a neoplasia maligna mais frequente no Uruguai e no mundo, onde uma pessoa morre a cada menos de quatro dias por essa causa. A medida de prevenção primária mais eficaz é ter hábitos fotoprotetores, o que é alcançado por meio de educação em saúde e campanhas preventivas. Este artigo sintetiza os resultados do exame físico realizado em funcionários do Hospital de Clínicas no contexto da Campanha de Prevenção do Câncer de Pele 2017 e seus hábitos e conhecimentos sobre fotoproteção. A grande maioria das pessoas considera que possui informações suficientes sobre como se proteger do sol, o que ocorre em 39% dos casos de televisão. Ainda assim, 41% deles são protegidos apenas em ocasiões especiais, como viagens e verão, e apenas 3 dos participantes usam medidas adequadas. Com relação às campanhas anteriores, 94% não se lembraram de outra campanha de prevenção do câncer de pele e foi a primeira vez que 99% dos indivíduos compareceram, o que evidencia a necessidade de reforçar o planejamento e a execução de campanhas e medidas eficazes para a promoção e prevenção do câncer de pele nos próximos anos, a fim de reduzir a incidência de câncer de pele que continua a aumentar.

Skin cancer is the most frequent malignancy in Uruguay as well as worldwide, where a person dies every less than four days for this cause. The most effective prevention measure is to have photoprotective habits, which is achieved through health education and preventive campaigns. This paper summarizes the results of the physical examination performed on officials of the Hospital de Clínicas in the context of the 2017 Skin Cancer Prevention Campaign and their habits and knowledge of photoprotection. The vast majority of individuals consider that they have enough information on how to protect themselves from the sun, which comes in 39% of television cases. Still, 41% of them are only protected on special occasions such as trips and summer and only 3 of the participants use adequate measures. With respect to previous campaigns, 94% did not remember another skin cancer prevention campaign and it was the first time that 99% of the individuals attended, which highlights the need to reinforce the planning and execution of campaigns and effective measures for the promotion and prevention of skin cancer in the coming years in order to reduce the incidence of skin cancer that continues to increase.

Prácticas en conocimiento de fotoprotección en una población rural de interior / Photoprotection awareness training in a rural inland village

JUSTIFICACIÓN: la exposición a los rayos solares, si bien tiene incuestionables efectos beneficiosos para la salud, es una práctica no exenta de riesgos, por lo que debe hacerse con moderación y adoptando las medidas de protección adecuadas. El número de personas que tiene asumida esta afirmación y que la integra equilibradamente en sus hábitos vitales es cada vez mayor. Pero, a pesar de ello, las estadísticas sanitarias demuestran que no se puede bajar la guardia en el campo de la fotoprotección.OBJETIVOS: describir los resultados obtenidos en conocimientos de fotoprotección en los pacientes encuestados en una farmacia rural.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal, en el que se recoge información en un periodo de tiempo limitado y de una población definida, de usuarios habituales de la farmacia, que aceptaron la realización del formulario. El cuestionario es anónimo y está dividido en 13 preguntas cerradas, siendo de elección única.RESULTADOS/ DISCUSIÓN: sobre los conocimientos de la exposición solar y comportamiento cabe destacar que el 40 % de los participantes contestó que el uso correcto del protector solar representa una primera línea de defensa, un 25 % marcó que prefiere la sombra y evitar exponerse al sol en horas de pico. La ropa de protección solar de manga larga, lentes y sombrero supuso un 19 % de las respuestas. Respecto al factor de protección solar (FPS) que consideran como el mínimo necesario para una adecuada protección solar, el 36 % de los encuestados contestaron FPS 50. El 25 % contestó el FPS 30. En las situaciones que es apropiado utilizar protección solar el 40% de los entrevistados contestaron que diariamente, un 37 % al realizar actividades al aire libre, el 9 % únicamente cuando el clima lo amerita. (AU)

Prácticas en hábitos de fotoprotección en una población rural de interior / Practice in photoprotection habits in an inland rural population

JUSTIFICACIÓN: la exposición a los rayos solares, si bien tiene incuestionables efectos beneficiosos para la salud, es una práctica no exenta de riesgos, por lo que debe hacerse con moderación y adoptando las medidas de protección adecuadas. El número de personas que tiene asumida esta afirmación y que la integra equilibradamente en sus hábitos vitales es cada vez mayor. Pero, a pesar de ello, las estadísticas sanitarias demuestran que no se puede bajar la guardia en el campo de la fotoprotección.OBJETIVOS: describir los resultados obtenidos en hábitos de fotoprotección en los pacientes encuestados en una farmacia rural.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal, en el que se recoge información en un periodo de tiempo limitado y de una población definida, de usuarios habituales de la farmacia, que aceptaron la realización del formulario. El cuestionario es anónimo y está dividido en 13 preguntas cerradas, siendo de elección única. Al principio de éste hay un apartado para indicar el sexo, la edad, el nivel de estudios del paciente.RESULTADOS/ DISCUSIÓN: estudiando los hábitos de fotoprotección de los pacientes de esta investigación, se observa que respecto al uso de protección solar, el 56 % usa protección solar. El resto, el 44 % de los pacientes, no usan ningún tipo de protección solar .El 78 % de los encuestados evita la exposición al sol en las horas de mayor intensidad. Como dato alarmante, destacar que de los 32 participantes del estudio, tan sólo uno utiliza protección solar de forma diaria. Este dato nos hace pensar que la elevada edad media de la población encuestada y un bajo nivel de estudios, donde el 75 % únicamente “sabe leer y escribir” influyen directamente en la forma de protegerse del sol. (AU)

Campaña de Protección Solar y Prevención del cáncer de piel en Farmacia Comunitaria, valoración de un nuevo servicio profesional / Sun Protection and Skin Cancer Prevention Campaign in Community Pharmacy, evaluation of a new professional service

JUSTIFICACIÓN: el cáncer de piel supone un problema de salud pública, cuya incidencia ha aumentado. El factor ambiental de mayor riesgo para ello es la exposición a la radiación ultravioleta. El farmacéutico comunitario (FC) es un profesional cualificado y formado para poder ayudar e indicar al paciente en la elección de su fotoprotector, así como, la galénica que mejor se adecúe a su tipo de piel. Además de realizar una tarea de prevención e información sobre los riesgos que implica la exposición solar.OBJETIVOS: •Valorar los conocimientos y el uso correcto de protectores solares por la población general. •Determinar el riesgo de padecer cáncer de piel (CP). •Valorar la necesidad de un servicio profesional farmacéutico (SPF) en prevención de CP.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio multicéntrico descriptivo observacional transversal prospectivo a través de un cuestionario anónimo a toda la población mayor de 18 años que acudía a la farmacia comunitaria durante la semana del 14-19 de junio de 2021. En él, se recogieron datos demográficos, fototipo cutáneo, presencia de algún tipo de dermatosis, patología crónica, administración de algún medicamento fotosensibilizante, presencia de alguna lesión, criterios de derivación, factores de riesgo de CP, así como los conocimientos sobre protección solar.RESULTADOS: participaron un total de 17 FC realizando 147 encuestas, 73 % mujeres, el 41 % menor de 40 años. (AU)

Environmental Impact of UV Filters. / Impacto de los filtros ultravioleta en el entorno natural.

UV filters are used daily by millions of people. Not all of these filters, however, are 100% biodegradable, and many wastewater treatments plants are ill-equipped to filter them properly. As a result, UV filters are increasingly reaching the environment. Various types have been detected in soil, continental water, oceans, and numerous organisms, including algae, corals, fish, mammals, and even land birds. In addition, some filters, benzophenone-3 and octocrylene in particular, are toxic to these organisms. Toxic effects include coral bleaching and interference with metabolic, enzymatic, and reproductive activities in practically all organisms. Preliminary data suggest that UV filters may be bioaccumulating in humans, as they have been detected in urine and breast milk. It should be noted, however, that research into the environmental impact of UV filters holds challenges and limitations.

Sun exposure and sun protection behaviors among teenagers and adults in Mexico City.

OBJECTIVE: To know the prevalence of sun exposure and protection behaviors in a group of adolescents and to compare them with a group of adults in Mexico City. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional study in students aged 16 to 18 years and in adults older than 18 years. RESULTS: Seven-hundred and forty-eight students were surveyed; 60 % were females and 40 % males; 90 % seek shade, 70.1 % avoid exposing themselves to the sun from 10.00 to 16.00 hours and 30.6 % use sunscreen. Out of 620 adults, 67.5 % were women and 32.4 % were men; 82.6 % seek shade, 60.2 % avoid the sun from 10.00 to 16.00 hours and 48.1% use sunscreen; 72.9 % of adults and 80.8 % of adolescents are exposed to the sun due to domestic activities. DISCUSSION: There is a similar trend in sun protection and exposure behaviors in adolescents and adults. The prevalence of sunscreen use in adults is high in comparison with adolescents.

OBJETIVO: Conocer la prevalencia de las conductas exposición y protección solar en un grupo de adolescentes y compararlos con un grupo de adultos en la Ciudad de México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal descriptivo en estudiantes de 16 a 18 años y en adultos mayores de 18 años. RESULTADOS: Se encuestaron 748 alumnos, 60 % mujeres y 40 % hombres. El 90 % busca la sombra, el 70.1 % evita exponerse al sol de las 10 a las 16 horas y el 30.6 % usa filtro solar. De 620 adultos, 67.5 % mujeres y 32.4 % hombres, el 82.6 % buscan la sombra, el 60.2 % evita el sol de las 10 a las 16 horas y el 48.1 % utiliza filtro solar. El 72.9 % de adultos y el 80.8 % de adolescentes se exponen al sol debido a actividades domésticas. DISCUSIÓN: Existe una tendencia similar en las conductas de protección y exposición solar en adolescentes y adultos. Es alta la prevalencia de uso de fotoprotector en adultos en comparación con los adolescentes.

Conductas de exposición y protección solar en adolescentes y adultos de la Ciudad de México / Sun exposure and sun protection behaviors among teenagers and adults in Mexico City

Resumen Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia de las conductas exposición y protección solar en un grupo de adolescentes y compararlos con un grupo de adultos en la Ciudad de México. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo en estudiantes de 16 a 18 años y en adultos mayores de 18 años. Resultados: Se encuestaron 748 alumnos, 60 % mujeres y 40 % hombres. El 90 % busca la sombra, el 70.1 % evita exponerse al sol de las 10 a las 16 horas y el 30.6 % usa filtro solar. De 620 adultos, 67.5 % mujeres y 32.4 % hombres, el 82.6 % buscan la sombra, el 60.2 % evita el sol de las 10 a las 16 horas y el 48.1 % utiliza filtro solar. El 72.9 % de adultos y el 80.8 % de adolescentes se exponen al sol debido a actividades domésticas. Discusión: Existe una tendencia similar en las conductas de protección y exposición solar en adolescentes y adultos. Es alta la prevalencia de uso de fotoprotector en adultos en comparación con los adolescentes.

Abstract Objective: To know the prevalence of sun exposure and protection behaviors in a group of adolescents and to compare them with a group of adults in Mexico City. Material and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study in students aged 16 to 18 years and in adults older than 18 years. Results: Seven-hundred and forty-eight students were surveyed; 60 % were females and 40 % males; 90 % seek shade, 70.1 % avoid exposing themselves to the sun from 10.00 to 16.00 hours and 30.6 % use sunscreen. Out of 620 adults, 67.5 % were women and 32.4 % were men; 82.6 % seek shade, 60.2 % avoid the sun from 10.00 to 16.00 hours and 48.1% use sunscreen; 72.9 % of adults and 80.8 % of adolescents are exposed to the sun due to domestic activities. Discussion: There is a similar trend in sun protection and exposure behaviors in adolescents and adults. The prevalence of sunscreen use in adults is high in comparison with adolescents.

Sun Protection Behaviors and Knowledge in Mountain Marathon Runners and Risk Factors for Sunburn. / Hábitos y conocimientos sobre fotoprotección y factores de riesgo para quemadura solar en corredores de maratones de montaña.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The incidence of skin cancer in our society is growing at an alarming rate due to overexposure to solar UV radiation in recreational and occupational settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate sun exposure and protection attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge among mountain ultramarathon runners and to assess risk factors for sunburn in this population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional survey of runners who participated in the «Gran Trail Aneto-Posets¼ race in Aragon, Spain. Using a validated questionnaire, we collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, running experience, sunburn in the previous summer, and sun exposure and protection behaviors. We calculated descriptive statistics and performed bivariate and multivariate analyses of associations using history of sunburn as the primary outcome. Statistical significance was set at a p level of less than 0.05. RESULTS: We surveyed 657 runners (72.1% men) with a mean age of 39.71 years; 45.1% reported sunburn in the past year. The most common protective measures used were sunglasses (74.7%), sunscreen (sun protection factor ≥ 15) (61.9%), a hat (52.2%), and other protective clothing (7.4%). Risk factors for sunburn were younger age, low Fitzpatrick skin type (I and II), running for three or more hours a day, and staying in the shade as a protective measure. By contrast, protective factors were use of sunscreen and seeking shade rather than sun at midday (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Sunburn is common among long-distance mountain runners, despite what appears to be adequate sun protection knowledge and behaviors. Targeted strategies are needed to improve sun protection behaviors among mountain runners.

[Effects of solar radiation and an update on photoprotection]. / Efectos de la radiación solar y actualización en fotoprotección.

Sunburn, immunodepression, photoaging, and photocarcinogenesis, are some of the most significant adverse effects of solar radiation in humans. Children are population group of special vulnerability, due to the fact that exposure to the sun has more pronounced biological effects compared to adults. Furthermore, childhood is a critical period for promoting the development of photo damage and photocarcinogenesis in the later stages of life if adequate measures at not put into place. This is because it is estimated that between 18 and 20 years of age is when 40% to 50% of the accumulative exposure to ultraviolet radiation up to 60 years of age is received. The most important strategy for the photoprotection of children is changes in behaviour and habits associated with exposure to the sun at all levels (school, society, family, etc.). Resorting to the shade, reduction in overall time of exposure to the sun, and physical protection (clothes, hats, and sunglasses) are the best and least costly photoprotection strategies. The photoprotectors must be incorporated into the daily routine of children in the same way as adults, and must complete a series of requirements in order to make them effective, safe, and in line with the environment.

Validation of a Questionnaire Designed to Study Knowledge, Attitudes, and Habits Related to Sun Exposure Among Young Adults: The CHACES Questionnaire. / Validación de un cuestionario para el estudio sobre hábitos, actitudes y conocimientos en fotoprotección en la población adultojuvenil: «cuestionario CHACES¼.

Skin cancer prevention campaigns in schools have been shown to be both effective and cost-effective. The success of such programs depends on the use of an appropriate design informed by a prior survey of the target population (pupils, teachers, and parents). There are, however, very few validated Spanish-language questionnaires designed to study the habits and knowledge of this population with respect to sun exposure in childhood and none designed for use with a young adult population. OBJECTIVES: To construct and validate a questionnaire designed to explore sun exposure behaviors in a young adult population. METHODOLOGY: Two questionnaires were developed, one for adults (18+) and the other for young adults (11-17); both included demographic information, skin color, Fitzpatrick skin type, and history of sunburn as well as questions on knowledge, attitudes and practices related to sun exposure. The content was then piloted and its validity analyzed. The subsequent validation study was divided into 2 phases as follows: 1) analysis of the validity and internal consistency of the items in a cross-sectional study of 1,482 adults and adolescents, using exploratory factor analysis to test construct validity and Cronbach α to measure internal consistency; and 2) evaluation of test-retest reliability in 39 individuals. RESULTS: The pilot study demonstrated the content validity of both questionnaires. Principal component analysis revealed that 2 components in each of the dimensions studied accounted for over 50% of the variance. A good correlation was found between the items studied. Validity was demonstrated in the first phase of the analysis with a Cronbach α of between 0.45 and 0.8 for all components except knowledge (0.335). In the second phase, test-retest reliability was demonstrated (absolute agreement>60%). CONCLUSIONS: The psychometric properties of the questionnaire make it a valid and reliable tool for the study of knowledge, attitudes, and habits with respect to sun exposure in the young adult school population.

Effectiveness of SolSano Program on Sun Protection Habits, Knowledge, and Attitudes Among University Students. / Efectividad del programa SolSano en los hábitos, conocimientos y actitudes en materia de fotoprotección de los universitarios.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The SolSano (HealthySun) project is a primary school sun education program that has been running in Aragon, Spain, since 2000. In the short term, it has proven to be effective at promoting sun protection behaviors and heightening awareness in childhood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of the SolSano program. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Retrospective, observational, analytical, cohort study of students at the University of Zaragoza between 2015 and 2016. The students answered a previously validated, purpose-designed, online questionnaire. We calculated descriptive statistics for all variables and performed bivariate and multivariate analyses to test for differences between students who had attended a primary school that ran the SolSano program and those who had not. RESULTS: Data for 324 students were analyzed. Mean age was 22.9 years and 78% of the respondents were women. In total, 44% of the students had participated in the SolSano program at primary school. Half of the respondents (50.5%) had experienced 1 or 2 sunburn episodes the previous summer. Significant differences were only observed for some aspects addressed by the questionnaire between SolSano participants and nonparticipants. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to evaluate the long-term effectiveness (15 years) of a primary school sun protection program. The absence of significant differences in our sample might be explained by non-continuation of the program into adolescence and the existence of sun protection campaigns outside the school.

Conocimiento y conductas de protección solar de pescadores en Chile / Knowledge and sun protection behaviors of fishermen in Chile

INTRODUCCIÓN: La sobreexposición a la radiación ultravioleta (RUV) es un factor de riesgo importante para el desarrollo de cáncer de piel (CP). Aquellos trabajadores que realizan labores al aire libre, como los pescadores, son un grupo de riesgo, por lo que es importante saber si tienen los conocimientos y realizan las conductas que les permitan protegerse de la RUV. OBJETIVO: Evaluar en un grupo de pescadores el conocimiento respecto a los riesgos de la exposición solar y sus conductas respecto a medidas de protección solar. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Los datos fueron obtenidos por encuestas a 133 pescadores. Se obtuvieron antecedentes sociodemográficos y se aplicó un cuestionario de 11 preguntas para evaluar conocimiento sobre riesgos de la RUV y conductas de fotoprotección. RESULTADOS: La cohorte incluyó a 133 pescadores, todos fueron hombres con edad promedio de 48 +/- 11,2 años. Un 86% de los pescadores conocía la relación entre exposición solar/CP. En cuanto al uso de filtro solar (FS), un 54,8% de los trabajadores reportó nunca haberlo utilizado y un 41% lo hacía solo una vez al día. Los pescadores con escolaridad incompleta presentan 2,6 veces menor probabilidad de utilizar FS (OR 2.6; p<0.05). Además, aquellos con conocimiento de la relación RUV y fotoenvejecimiento, presentaban 3,75 veces más probabilidad de utilizar FS (OR 3.75) (p<0.05). CONCLUSIÓN: Este primer estudio sobre protección solar en pescadores muestra que la mayoría están en conocimiento de los riesgos a la salud. Sin embargo, no utilizan las medidas de protección recomendadas y aquellos que las utilizan, no lo hacen de la manera adecuada.

INTRODUCTION: Overexposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the main risk factor for the development of skin cancer (SC). Outdoor workers, such as fishermen are a risk group. Therefore, it is important to study if they have the knowledge towards sun exposure and also to know their solar protection behaviors. OBJETIVE: To evaluate in a group of fishermen if they have the knowledge about the risks of solar exposure and their behavior regarding sun protection measures. MATERIALS y METHODS: Data was obtained from a survey applied to 133 fishermen. Collected information included sociodemographic characteristics and 11 questions about knowledge and their sun protection measures. RESULTS: The cohort included 133 fishermen, all were male with an age average of 48 +/- 11,2 years. 86% knew about the relation between solar exposure and skin cancer. When asked about sunscreen use, 54.8% declared they never used it and 41,0% did only once a day. The fishermen who had incomplete secondary school studies were less likely to use sunscreen (OR 2.6) (p<0.05). Those who had knowledge of the relation between UVR and aging were 3,75 times more likely to use sunscreen. CONCLUSION: This is the first study about solar protection knowledge and photoprotection measures upon fishermen, performed in Chile. Most fishermen were aware of the health risks. However, they do not use the recommended protection measures, and those who use them, do not do it properly

Creation Of The «Soludable¼ Sun Protection Accreditation Program For Schools. / Creación del distintivo Soludable: un modelo de certificación en fotoprotección para centros escolares.

INTRODUCTION: Sun exposure during childhood is the main risk factor for skin cancer in later life. School-based sun protection policies and practices have proven to be the most effective and cost-effective strategies for preventing skin cancer. OBJECTIVE: To develop a sun protection accreditation program known as «Soludable¼ (a play on the Spanish words sol [sun] and saludable [healthy]) to objectively identify schools that actively promote sun protection behaviors among students. METHODS: The consensus method used was a 2-round Delphi technique with input from a panel of experts. We then calculated the median scores for the importance and feasibility of each of the recommendations proposed and the level of complexity assigned to each recommendation by counting the percentage of experts who chose each difficulty category. RESULTS: The resulting accreditation model consists of 14 recommendations with corresponding evaluation criteria divided into 7 domains: 1) organizational leadership (5 recommendations), 2) effective communication (2 recommendations), 3) structural elements (2 recommendations), 4) training of professionals (1 recommendation), 5) school curriculum (1 recommendation), 6) behavioral models (2 recommendations), and 7) student habits (1 recommendation). A high level of agreement among experts was observed for all recommendations, in terms of both their perceived importance and feasibility and their categorization by levels of complexity. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first sun protection accreditation program developed for Spanish schools. Studies are needed to evaluate how this program is received and how it affects students' sun protection behaviors.

Behaviors, Attitudes, and Knowledge Related to Sun Exposure Among Medical Students at the Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. / Comportamientos, actitudes y conocimientos relacionados con la exposición solar en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of skin cancer, for which the main risk factor is exposure to ultraviolet radiation, has risen worldwide. Sunburn is one of the simplest ways to assess sun exposure habits. To date, few studies have evaluated sun exposure in university students. OBJECTIVES: To determine behaviors, attitudes, and knowledge related to sun exposure and sun protection measures among medical students at the Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; and to assess their relation to sunburn frequency. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The voluntary participants in this cross-sectional survey were first-, second- and sixth-year university students enrolled during the 2016-2017 academic year. The students responded to a validated questionnaire about their habits, attitudes, and knowledge in relation to sun exposure. Respondents were grouped according to the number of sunburns they had experienced during the previous summer. RESULTS: A total of 286 students responded. The students demonstrated a high level of knowledge, but the percentage who experienced a sunburn was high. Multivariate analysis showed independent correlations between experiencing a sunburn and age, male sex, academic year of enrollment at the time of the survey, phototype, and negative attitudes toward the use of sun protection measures. CONCLUSIONS: Our medical students' level of knowledge about sun exposure and sun protection is high and scarcely varies with time spent at the university. However, their knowledge is not reflected in their behavior and attitudes or in the frequency of sunburns.

Producción científica sobre fotoprotección en menores de 14 años de países latinoamericanos: Un estudio bibliométrico / Scientific production on photoprotection in children under 14 from Latin American countries: A bibliometric study

Objetivo: Identificar la producción científica sobre nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre fotoprotección en padres de menores de 14 años latinoamericanos. Materiales y métodos:Estudio bibliométrico descriptivo y transversal. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos: PubMed, Scopus y la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, utilizando las palabras claves: "fotoprotección" "niños", "escolares", entre el primero de enero del 2013 al 31 de junio del 2018. Se excluyeron artículos no originales o que no midieran conocimiento sobre fotoprotección. Resultado: Se encontró un total de seis artículos el 28.3% de los padres reportaron que sus hijos se exponen más de 60 minutos al sol entre semana; en el fin de semana se incrementa a un 42.8%. En Chile, el 14.2% de los niños han presentado alguna vez quemadura solar, con 2/3 de la población de estudio pasan más de 2 horas diarias al exterior. En Uruguay, El 55% de los padres afirmó que se protegen del sol, el 30% solo a veces y el 15% no se protege. En Cuba el 72.5% han presentado al menos una quemadura solar. En Perú, El estudio peruano demostró que el 48% utiliza protector solar en crema, el 46% ropa de protección y el 51% gorro o sombrero. Conclusiones: Se requieren intervenciones sanitarias para incrementar el conocimiento de los padres sobre fotoprotección, en México demuestra que una intervención educativa puede incrementar en un futuro el conocimiento de los jóvenes en el cuidado de la piel. (AU)

Objective: To identify scientific production on the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices on photoprotection in parents of children under 14 years of age in Latin America. Materials and methods: Descriptive and transversal bibliometric study. A bibliographic search was carried out in the databases: PubMed, Scopus and the Virtual Health Library, using the keywords: "photoprotection" "children", "school children", between January 1, 2013, and June 31, 2018, We excluded articles that were not original or that did not measure knowledge about photoprotection. Result: A total of six articles were found, 28.3% of parents reported that their children are exposed to more than 60 minutes in the sun during the week; in the weekend it increases to 42.8%. In Chile, 14.2% of children have ever presented sunburn, with 2/3 of the study population spending more than 2 hours a day abroad. In Uruguay, 55% of parents said they protect themselves from the sun, 30% only sometimes and 15% do not protect themselves. In Cuba, 72.5% have presented at least one sunburn. In Peru, the Peruvian study showed that 48% use sunscreen cream, 46% protective clothing and 51% hat or hat. Conclusions: Health interventions are required to increase parents' knowledge about photoprotection, in Mexico it shows that an educational intervention can increase the knowledge of young people in skin care in the future. (AU)

O uso de filtro solar por idosos ligados a uma universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Brasil / The use of sunscreen by elderly people attending a university in the Paraíba Valley, Brazil / El uso de protector solar por personas mayores que asisten a una universidad en el Valle de Paraíba, Brasil

O estudo realizou-se com 14 idosos de uma universidade do Vale do Paraíba, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, objetivando investigar a frequência diária de uso do filtro solar; investigar qual o conhecimento interiorizado acerca do uso contínuo e adequado, e se eles se consideram suficientemente informados sobre proteção solar. Os resultados mostram que esses idosos fazem uso frequente e adequado do filtro solar, justo por terem recebido orientação segura de profissionais da saúde sobre a fotoproteção. Consideram eles dispor de conhecimentos suficientes sobre o assunto, dentre outros quanto à regularidade de aplicação do fotoprotetor, inclusive em dias sem sol aparente e, mesmo antes de rápidas exposições, evitando-se exposição em horários críticos de radiação. Ainda que se tenha considerado uma falha a baixa frequência, no decorrer do dia, de reaplicação do filtro solar na pele, pelos idosos, estes reconhecem que, de fato, seu uso deve ser visto como o mecanismo mais eficiente para proteção da pele dos efeitos nocivos do sol, além do recomendado uso de óculos com proteção UV. Por fim, registre-se que os estudos de fotoproteção precisam continuar, a fim de se encontrarem e publicizarem novas ferramentas, especialmente para uma maior proteção da fragilizada pele dos idosos, inclusive para a discussão sobre novos componentes nos produtos e divulgação dos avanços tecnológicos que surgirem nessa área.

The study was conducted with 14 elderly people from a university in Vale do Paraíba, state of São Paulo, Brazil, aiming to investigate the daily frequency of sunscreen use; investigate what is the internalized knowledge about continuous and appropriate use, and whether they consider themselves sufficiently informed about sun protection. The results show that these elderly people make frequent and appropriate use of sunscreen, just because they have received safe guidance from health professionals about photoprotection. They consider that they have sufficient knowledge on the subject, among others as to the regular application of the photoprotector, even on days without apparent sun and even before rapid exposures, avoiding exposure at critical radiation times. Although it is considered a low frequency failure of elderly people to apply sunscreen to the skin throughout the day, they recognize that, in fact, its use should be seen as the most efficient mechanism to protect the skin from the effects harmful to the sun, in addition to the recommended use of glasses with UV protection. Finally, it should be noted that photoprotection studies need to continue in order to find and publicize new tools, especially for greater fragile skin protection of the elderly, including the discussion of new product components and dissemination of technological advances. that arise in this area.

El estudio se realizó con 14 personas mayores de una universidad en Vale do Paraíba, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, con el objetivo de investigar la frecuencia diaria de uso de protector solar; investigar cuál es el conocimiento interno sobre el uso continuo y apropiado, y si se consideran suficientemente informados sobre la protección solar. Los resultados muestran que estos son un uso muy frecuente y adecuado del protector solar, solo debido a la orientación segura de los profesionales de la salud en una fotoprotección. Se tienen en cuenta las condiciones o el sujeto suficientes, además de la regularidad de la aplicación del fotoprotector, incluso en días semi-aparentes e, incluso antes de exposiciones rápidas, evitando la exposición a programas críticos de radiación. Aunque se considera una falla de baja frecuencia de las personas de edad avanzada para aplicar protector solar en la piel durante todo el día, reconocen que, de hecho, su uso debe verse como el mecanismo más eficiente para proteger la piel de los efectos. nocivo para el sol, además del uso recomendado de gafas con protección UV. Finalmente, debe tenerse en cuenta que los estudios de fotoprotección deben continuar para encontrar y publicitar nuevas herramientas, especialmente para una mayor protección frágil de la piel de los ancianos, incluida la discusión de nuevos componentes del producto y difusión de los avances tecnológicos. que surgen en esta área.