First study of in vitro protective effect of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa.

Background and Aim: Lepidium meyenii Walp (Maca) is an herbaceous plant that grows in the Peruvian Andes and it has been widely used as a nutritional supplement and fertility enhancer and has been used in the treatment of a variety of diseases, such as rheumatism, respiratory disorders, and anemia. The most notable feature of Maca is its potent antioxidant capacity, which helps in the scavenging of free radicals and protection of cells from oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of Maca extract on thawed sperm cells from bulls. Materials and Methods: Three dilutions of 1, 10, and 100 mg/mL of Maca extract were incubated with frozen-thawed bovine semen and analyzed at 1, 3, and 24 h of exposure time, evaluating the activity of the extract on the DNA, motility, morphology, viability, integrity of the membrane and acrosome of spermatozoa. Results: The Maca extract improved the studied sperm parameters of motility, acrosome integrity, vitality, and DNA integrity of sperm cells at a concentration of 10 mg/mL, and at 1 mg/mL, an improvement was observed in the morphology and integrity of the membrane. However, the best activity of the Maca extract was observed on the DNA integrity of the sperm, which was effective at the three concentrations evaluated after 24 h of incubation. Conclusion: The results indicate that L. meyenii can help in maintaining spermatozoa cellular integrity after the frozen-thaw process, especially in the protection against DNA fragmentation. Therefore, Maca would be a feasible supplementation to protect sperm to maintain their fertile ability after thawing.

Produção de Sêmen em Regime de Central – Muito além do espermograma / Semen production in Semen Collection and Processing Centres – Much more than an ordinary sperm evaluation

O mercado de inseminação artificial tem crescido de maneira exponencial nos últimos anos, resultando no inevitável aumento da demanda por sêmen das mais diferentes raças bovinas. Dessa forma, o número de touros em Centrais de Coleta e Congelação de Sêmen (CCCS) tem acompanhado o crescimento do mercado, sendo registrados recordes de produção de doses de sêmen bovino no país. No entanto, mesmo nesse cenário de crescente expansão, diferentes fatores como a própria idade dos reprodutores em coleta, problemas clínico-reprodutivos, estresse e dificuldades de adaptação ambiental e de manejo podem comprometer a plena produção de touros em regime de Central, justificando a abordagem desses temas no presente trabalho. Adicionalmente, algumas estratégias de manejo, diagnóstico ou tratamento de patologias reprodutivas de touros encontram-se abordadas nessa obra, denotando que a produção de sêmen de qualidade em CCCS vai muito além da condução do espermograma bovino.

The artificial insemination market in cattle has developed throughout the years, creating impact and greater demand for cattle semen production in several breeds. Furthermore, there was an increase in number of bulls in semen collection and processing centres (SCPC), followed by a record on production of frozen-thawed semen recently. Despite of this promising scenario, there are important factors that can affect semen production of bulls under SCPC regime, such as bull’s age, clinical and reproductive health, management of bulls and its association with stress and environmental adaptation. This study presents strategies for management, diagnosis, and treatment of reproductive pathologies, showing that production of quality semen in bovine SCPC can be affected by several factors which cannot be captured through the ordinary sperm evaluation.

Sperm characteristics and heterologous in vitro fertilisation capacity of Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) epididymal sperm, frozen in the presence of the enzymatic antioxidant catalase.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the protective effect of catalase (CAT) on frozen/thawed ibex epididymal sperm recovered post mortem, and to detect any harmful effect this might have on sperm fertilisation capacity. Epididymal spermatozoa were diluted using a Tris-citric acid-glucose medium (TCG) composed of 3.8% Tris (w/v), 2.2% citric acid (w/v), 0.6% glucose (w/v), 5% glycerol (v/v), and 6% egg yolk (v/v). Sperm masses from the right epididymis were diluted with TCG medium, while those from the left were diluted with TCG medium supplemented with 200IU/mL CAT. Heterologous in vitro fertilisation (IVF) was used to assess the fertilisation capacity of this sperm. The addition of CAT to the extender did not improve frozen/thawed sperm variables. Moreover, a reduced fertilisation capacity was detected: sperm diluted with TCG provided 25.5% 2PN zygotes, while just 13.2% was recorded for that diluted with TCG-CAT (P<0.01). The percentage of cleaved embryos at 48hpi was higher (P<0.01) with the TCG sperm than with the TCG-CAT sperm (16.7% vs. 7.6%). The use of 200IU/mL CAT as an additive cannot, therefore, be recommended for the preservation of ibex epididymal sperm. Other antioxidants should, however, be tested in both this and related wild mountain ungulates.