Antígeno del factor von Willebrand (FVW: Ag) / von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF: Ag)

Utilidad clínica de la prueba El factor von Willebrand (FVW) es una glicoproteína compuesta por multímeros con pesos moleculares que pueden variar desde 500 KDa hasta 20.000 kDa, que se sintetiza en las células endoteliales y en los megacariocitos, y se almacena en los cuerpos de Weibel-Palade y en los gránulos alfa de las plaquetas [1]. El papel del FVW en la hemostasia primaria es mediar la adhesión de las plaquetas a los componentes de la matriz extracelular, a través de los complejos glucoproteicos plaquetarios GPIbα y αIIb3ß; en la hemostasia secundaria, se asocia con el factor VIII para prevenir su degradación y favorecer la generación de trombina para la formación del trombo final

The efficiencies and capacities of carbon conversion in fruit and vegetable waste two-phase anaerobic digestion: Ethanol-path vs. butyrate-path.

To rapidly treat and stably utilize great quantities of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW), the strategies in anaerobic digestion pattern have been constantly improved. In this work, the efficiencies and capacities of carbon conversion in different FVW anaerobic digestion systems were studied. Compared to butyrate-path (BD) two-phase and single-phase anaerobic digestion (SD), the ethanol-path two-phase anaerobic digestion (ED) system showed the highest rate of converting insoluble into soluble carbon formation (82.2%) and methane yield conversed from soluble carbon which is 0.14 gCODCH4 (gVSS d)-1. It was also found that the coexistence of Bacillus and Methanococcus in the methanogenic phase maintained fatty acids and methane generation. The advantage of carbon conversion efficiency in ED can be elucidated from the highest acetification rate (704.10 mgCOD (L h)-1) which means more converted acetate can be smoothly used for methane generation. Compared to methanogenesis converted from butyrate and propionate, the thermodynamic condition of methanogenesis converted from ethanol was more feasible. Also, the highest capacity of max methane production (197773.7 mL) of ED was simulated. ED might be an efficient and advantageous option for FVW methane digestion. Furthermore, comparison of acidogenic product and methane in conversion efficiency revealed that fatty acids should think as ideal anaerobic product rather than methane.

Effect of feeding lipids recovered from fish processing waste by lactic acid fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis on antioxidant and membrane bound enzymes in rats.

Fish oil recovered from fresh water fish visceral waste (FVW-FO) through lactic acid fermentation (FO-LAF) and enzymatic hydrolysis (FO-EH) were fed to rats to study their influence on lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant and membrane bound enzyme in liver, heart and brain. Feeding of FO-LAF and FO-EH resulted in increase (P < 0.05) in lipid peroxides level in serum, liver, brain and heart tissues compared to ground nut oil (control). Activity of catalase (40-235 %) and superoxide dismutase (17-143 %) also increased (P < 0.05) with incremental level of EPA + DHA in diet. The increase was similar to cod liver oil fed rats at same concentration of EPA + DHA. FO-LAF and FO-EH increased (P < 0.05) the Na(+)K(+) ATPase activity in liver and brain microsomes, Ca(+)Mg(+) ATPase in heart microsome and acetylcholine esterase in brain microsomes when fed with 5 % EPA + DHA. There was also significant change in fatty acid composition and cholesterol/phospholipid ratio in microsomes of rat fed with FVW-FO. Feeding FVW-FO recovered by biotechnological approaches enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes in tissues, modulates the activities of membrane bound enzymes and improved the fatty acid composition in microsomes of tissues similar to CLO. Utilization of these processing wastes for the production of valuable biofunctional products can reduce the mounting economic values of fish oil and minimize the environmental pollution problems.

Performances of anaerobic co-digestion of fruit & vegetable waste (FVW) and food waste (FW): single-phase vs. two-phase.

The co-digestion of fruit & vegetable waste (FVW) and food waste (FW) was performed at various organic loading ratios (OLRs) in single-phase and two-phase system, respectively. The results showed that the ethanol-type fermentation dominated in both digestion processes when OLR was at low levels (<2.0 g(VS) L(-1) d(-1)). The propionic acid was rapidly accumulated as OLR was increased to higher levels (>2.0 g(VS) L(-1) d(-1)), which could cause unstable anaerobic digestion. Single-phase digestion was better than two-phase digestion in term of 4.1% increase in CH4 production at lower OLRs (<2.0 g(VS) L(-1) d(-1)). However, at higher level of OLR (≥2.0 g(VS) L(-1) d(-1)), two-phase digestion achieved higher CH4 production of 0.351-0.455 L(g VS)(-1) d(-1), which were 7.0-15.8% more than that of single-phase. Additionally, two-phase digestion presented more stable operation, and higher OLR treatment capacity. Furthermore, comparison of these two systems with bioenergy recovery revealed that two-phase system overall presented higher bioenergy yield than single-phase.

Manejo de la enfermedad de von Willebrand en ginecología y obstetricia: revisión cualitativa de la literatura / A qualitative review of the literature regarding managing Von willebrand disease in obstetrics and gynaecology

Introducción: la enfermedad de Von Willebrand es el trastorno de la coagulación con mayor prevalencia de mujeres en edad fértil y, por lo tanto, es el trastorno genético de la hemostasia más frecuente en la práctica ginecológica y obstétrica. Objetivo: hacer una revisión de la enfermedad de Von Willebrand en pacientes de ginecología y obstetricia con especial énfasis en la fisiopatología, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos electrónicas MEDLINE/Pubmed, Elsevier, Interscience, EBSCO, Scopus, SciELO de 1980 al 2009, Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group (septiembre 30 del 2009) y libros de texto impresos. Resultados: el diagnóstico se basa en una cuidadosa anamnesis y pruebas de laboratorio de detección y confirmatorias. La correcta identificación de los diferentes tipos y subtipos es importante desde el punto de vista terapéutico. El tratamiento requiere medicaciones específicas como la desmopresina, concentrados de factor VIII y terapias coadyuvantes. No existe evidencia para contraindicar la vía vaginal del parto, sin embargo, se debe individualizar cada caso en particular. Conclusión: las mujeres con trastornos de la coagulación presentan durante la menarquia, la gestación, el parto y el puerperio un riesgo mayor de sangrado lo que hace obligatoria una adecuada evaluación y un manejo multidisciplinario durante el embarazo.

Introduction: Von Willebrand disease (vWD) is a disorder of the coagulation, being more prevalent in fertile females and is thus the most frequently occurring genetic haemostasis disorder in obstetric and gynaecological practice. Objective: reviewing the literature concerning vWD in obstetric and gynaecology patients, placing special emphasis on the disease’s physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment. Methodology: a bibliographic search was made of MEDLINE electronic databases via pubmed, Elsevier, Interscience, EBSCO, Scopus and SciELO from 1980 to 2009. The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group (September 30th 2009) and printed texts and books were also consulted. Results: diagnosis was based on careful anamnesis and detection and confirmatory laboratory tests. Correct identification of different types and subtypes is important from a therapeutic point of view. Treatment requires specific medication such as desmopressin, factor VIII concentrates and coadjuvant therapies. No evidence was found to contraindicate vaginal birth route; however, each particular case must be taken individually. Conclusion: females suffering from coagulation disorders present a greater risk of bleeding during menarche, pregnancy, giving birth and the puerperium. This means that suitable evaluation and multidisciplinary management must be mandatory during pregnancy.

Estudo da angiogênese pelo CD105 e FvW no carcinoma epidermóide oral e sua relação com o estadiamento clínico do tumor / Study of angiogênese for the CD105 and FvW in the verbal carcinoma epidermóide and its relation with the clinical estadiamento of the tumor

Nesta pesquisa buscou-se avaliar a expressão imunoistoquímica dos anticorpos CD105 e FvW na angiogênese do Carcinoma Epidermóide Oral (CEO), correlacionando-o com o estadiamento clínico pelo sistema TNM, visando uma melhor compreensão do seu comportamento biológico e utilização como indicador de prognóstico. A amostra foi composta por 30 casos de CE, sendo 10 de assoalho bucal, 10 da região retromolar e 10 de língua, além de 10 casos de granuloma piogênico, integrantes do grupo controle. Os resultados desta pesquisa mostraram que as médias da MVC foram correspondentemente mais elevadas no grupo do granuloma piogênico (CD105 = 57,26 vasos e FvW = 39,64) do que no grupo do CE (CD105 = 10,09 e FvW = 12,20) e as diferenças se revelaram estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos para cada um dos biomarcadores angiogênicos (p=0,002 para o CD105 e p<0,001 para o FvW ). O CD105 se mostrou com melhor positividade no granuloma piogênico (média = 57,26 vasos) e, para o CE, o FvW foi o que apresentou maior marcação (média = 12,20 vasos). Com relação ao CE, a faixa etária mais acometida foi entre 51 e 70 anos (n=14; 46,7%), apresentando uma MVC representativa para ambos os marcadores. Não se comprovou diferença estatisticamente significante entre os sexos para nenhum dos marcadores (p=0,967 para o CD105 e p=0,744 para o FvW). A média do CD105 foi bem mais elevada entre os pacientes com estadiamento T3 e T4 (17,13) e menos elevada entre os pacientes com estadiamento N+ (6,36). Quando se avaliou o FvW, a média foi mais elevada no grupo dos pacientes com T1 e T2 (12,23), sendo mais baixa nos pacientes com T3 e T4 (12,10), porém sem diferença estatisticamente significante. Em relação à localização anatômica, comprovou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre as localizações assoalho bucal e retromolar (p=0,013) para o marcador FvW. Portanto, este estudo sugere que a marcação do CD105 na angiogênese do CEO, ao contrário de outros tipos de neoplasias malignas, pode não estar correlacionada com o prognóstico e agressividade do tumor, enquanto que o FvW se mostrou um anticorpo mais efetivo na marcação desta lesão (AU).

The purpose of this study was to assess the immunohistochemical expression of CD105 and FvW antibodies in the angiogenesis of oral epidermoid carcinoma (OEC), correlating it with the TNM clinical staging system, seeking a better understanding of its biological behavior and use as an indicator of prognosis.The sample consisted of 30 epidermoid carcinoma (EC) cases, 10 of the floor of the mouth, 10 of the retromolar region and 10 of the tongue, in addition to 10 cases of pyogenic granuloma, which made up the control group. The results showed that mean microvessel counts (MVC) were correspondingly higher in the pyogenic granuloma group (CD105 = 57.26 vessels and FvW = 39.64) than in the EC group (CD105 = 10.09 and FvW = 12.20) and that the differences were statistically significant between the groups for each of the angiogenic biomarkers (p = 0.002 for CD105 and p< 0.001 for FvW). CD105 had better positivity in the pyogenic granuloma group (mean = 57.26 vessels) and for EC, FvW had the highest expression (mean = 12.20 vessels). With respect to EC, the most affected age group was between 51 and 70 years (n = 14; 46.7%), with a representative MVC for both markers. No statistically significant difference was found between the sexes for any of the markers (p = 0.967 for CD105 and p = 0.744 for FvW). Mean CD105 levels were much higher in patients with stage T3 and T4 (17.13) and lower in those with stage N+ (6.36). Mean FvW levels were higher in the patients with stage T1 and T2 (12.23) and lower in patients with T3 and T4 (12.10), but without a statistically significant difference. In regard to anatomic location, a statistically significant difference was observed between FvW sites, with a statistically significant difference between floor of the mouth cases and those located in the retromolar region (p = 0.013). Therefore, this study suggests that CD105 expression in OEC angiogenesis, in contrast to other types of malignant neoplasias, may not be correlated with prognosis and tumor aggressiveness, whereas FvW was a more effective antibody for staining this lesion (AU).