Contribution of Two-Dose Vaccination Toward the Reduction of COVID-19 Cases, ICU Hospitalizations and Deaths in Chile Assessed Through Explanatory Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape.

Objectives: To assess the impact of the initial two-dose-schedule mass vaccination campaign in Chile toward reducing adverse epidemiological outcomes due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: Publicly available epidemiological data ranging from 3 February 2021 to 30 September 2021 were used to construct GAMLSS models that explain the beneficial effect of up to two doses of vaccination on the following COVID-19-related outcomes: new cases per day, daily active cases, daily occupied ICU beds and daily deaths. Results: Administered first and second vaccine doses, and the statistical interaction between the two, are strong, statistically significant predictors for COVID-19-related new cases per day (R2 = 0.847), daily active cases (R2 = 0.903), ICU hospitalizations (R2 = 0.767), and deaths (R2 = 0.827). Conclusion: Our models stress the importance of completing vaccination schedules to reduce the adverse outcomes during the pandemic. Future work will continue to assess the influence of vaccines, including booster doses, as the pandemic progresses, and new variants emerge. Policy Implications: This work highlights the importance of attaining full (two-dose) vaccination status and reinforces the notion that a second dose provides increased non-additive protection. The trends we observed may also support the inclusion of booster doses in vaccination plans. These insights could contribute to guiding other countries in their vaccination campaigns.

The COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil: Some Aspects and Tools.

The article presents some aspects related to the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil including public health, challenges facing healthcare workers and adverse impacts on the country's economy. Its main contribution is the availability of two web applications for online monitoring of the evolution of the pandemic in Brazil and South America. The applications provide the possibility to download data in different formats, view interactive maps and graphs of the cumulative confirmed cases, deaths and lethality rates, in addition to presenting plots of moving averages for states and municipalities. The predictions about new cases and new deaths caused by COVID-19, in states and regions of Brazil, are also reported using GAMLSS models. The forecasts can be easily used by public managers for effective decision-making.

Zero-inflated beta regression model for leaf citrus canker incidence in orange genotypes grafted onto different rootstocks / Modelo de regressão beta inflacionado de zeros para a incidência de cancro cítrico foliarem genótipos de laranja enxertados sobre diferentes porta-enxertos

Data with excess zeros are frequently found in practice, and the recommended analysis is to use models that adequately address the counting of zero observations. In this study, the Zero Inflated Beta Regression Model (BeZI) was used on experimental data to describe the mean incidence of leaf citrus canker in orange groves under the influence of genotype and rootstocks of origin. Based on the model, it was possible to quantify the odds that a null observation to mean incidence comes from a particular plant according to genotype and rootstock, and estimate its expected value according to this combination. Laranja Caipira rootstock proved to be the most resistant to leaf citrus canker as well as Limão Cravo proved to be the most fragile. The Ipiguá IAC, Arapongas, EEL and Olímpia genotypes have statistically equivalent chances.(AU)

Dados com excesso de zeros são encontrados muitas vezes na prática, e a análise recomendada é utilizar modelos que suportem adequadamente a contagem de observações nulas. Neste artigo, o Modelo de Regressão Beta Inflacionado de Zeros (BeZI) foi aplicado a dados experimentais para descrever a incidência média de cancro cítrico foliar em pomares de laranja sob a influência do genótipo e do portaenxerto de origem. Com base no modelo, foi possível quantificar as chances de que uma observação nula para a incidência média seja proveniente de uma determinada planta, de acordo com o genótipo e o portaenxerto, além de estimar o seu valor esperado conforme essa combinação. O porta-enxerto Laranja Caipira mostrou ser o mais resistente ao cancro cítrico foliar, assim como o Limão Cravo mostrou ser o mais suscetível. Os genótipos Ipiguá IAC, Arapongas, EEL e Olímpia apresentaram chances estatisticamente equivalentes.(AU)

Zero-inflated beta regression model for leaf citrus canker incidence in orange genotypes grafted onto different rootstocks / Modelo de regressão beta inflacionado de zeros para a incidência de cancro cítrico foliar em genótipos de laranja enxertados sobre diferentes porta-enxertos

Data with excess zeros are frequently found in practice, and the recommended analysis is to use models that adequately address the counting of zero observations. In this study, the Zero Inflated Beta Regression Model (BeZI) was used on experimental data to describe the mean incidence of leaf citrus canker in orange groves under the influence of genotype and rootstocks of origin. Based on the model, it was possible to quantify the odds that a null observation to mean incidence comes from a particular plant according to genotype and rootstock, and estimate its expected value according to this combination. Laranja Caipira rootstock proved to be the most resistant to leaf citrus canker as well as Limão Cravo proved to be the most fragile. The Ipiguá IAC, Arapongas, EEL and Olímpia genotypes have statistically equivalent chances.

Dados com excesso de zeros são encontrados muitas vezes na prática, e a análise recomendada é utilizar modelos que suportem adequadamente a contagem de observações nulas. Neste artigo, o Modelo de Regressão Beta Inflacionado de Zeros (BeZI) foi aplicado a dados experimentais para descrever a incidência média de cancro cítrico foliar em pomares de laranja sob a influência do genótipo e do porta-enxerto de origem. Com base no modelo, foi possível quantificar as chances de que uma observação nula para a incidência média seja proveniente de uma determinada planta, de acordo com o genótipo e o porta-enxerto, além de estimar o seu valor esperado conforme essa combinação. O porta-enxerto Laranja Caipira mostrou ser o mais resistente ao cancro cítrico foliar, assim como o Limão Cravo mostrou ser o mais suscetível. Os genótipos Ipiguá IAC, Arapongas, EEL e Olímpia apresentaram chances estatisticamente equivalentes.