Potential of Alternative Sources for Electric Power Generation in the State of Paraná

Abstract The State of Paraná stands out in Brazil for its hydraulic potential for electricity generation. Furthermore, the State also shows potential for the use of other sources of energy, such as solar energy, biogas and biomass. The study traces the profile of electric energy consumption and compiles analysis of the alternative energy potentials of Paraná on the use of solar energy, the biomass of forest residues and agricultural crops, the generation of biogas through the residues of farmed animals and the urban solids residues. The work took account for the estimates, the logistical limitations for the biomass or biogas collection and the real availability of the wastes in terms of viability of exploration through distributed generation plants. The use of the business analytics software Tableau Desktop 2020.3.2® made possible the open data analysis at the municipal level. The paper provides realistic estimates about the feasibility of the use of alternative energy sources in the State of Paraná.

Estimativa da geração de resíduos de equipamentos elétricos e eletrônicos de origem domiciliar: proposição de método e aplicação ao município de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil / Evaluation of Waste of Electric and Electronic Equipments generation from households: proposal of method and application to the City of São Paulo, Brazil

RESUMOConhecer a geração de resíduos de equipamentos elétricos e eletrônicos (REEE) é fundamental para sua gestão. O fluxo domiciliar de EEE é complexo, pois tem seu descarte associado a fatores tecnológicos, econômicos e comportamentais. O artigo apresenta método para estimativas de REEE de origem domiciliar: estoque de equipamentos em uso, armazenados e descartados, e do potencial de geração de resíduos. O método aplicado ao município de São Paulo, São Paulo, resultou em 71,9 milhões de EEE, dos quais 8,8 milhões (12,2%) fora de uso. O valor médio de EEE correspondeu a 18,2 EEE por domicílio; média per capita de 5,3 EEE por habitante. A média de descarte per capita estimada resultou em 4,8 kg.hab-¹.ano-¹. O potencial de geração de resíduos a partir dos EEE fora de uso variou entre 2,9 a 6,0 kg.hab-¹.ano-¹. O método proposto proporcionou qualidade às estimativas, resultando em importantes indicadores para a gestão.

ABSTRACTEvaluation of the generation of Waste of Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is fundamental to waste management. Discard of household flow is complex because is associated to technologic, economic and behavioral factors. This paper presents a method to estimate household-originated WEEE: stock of equipment in use, stored and discarded, as well as potential generation of waste. The proposed method applied to the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, resulted in the total amount of 71.9 million EEE, 8.8 million of which (12.2%) are out of service. Average values were estimated: 18.2 EEE per household and 5.3 EEE per inhabitant. Average discharge per capitaresulted in 4.8 kg.inhabitant-1.year-1. Potential of generated waste based on out-of-service EEE varies from 2.9 to 6.0 kg.inhabitant-1.year-1 depending on the adopted scenario. The method added quality to the estimates of important indicators for WEEE management.