Evaluation of plaque index, gingival index and oral health-related quality of life in obese patients / Evaluación del índice de placa, índice gingival y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal en pacientes obesos

Obesity is a chronic disease that may be related to caries, periodontitis, xerostomia, and dental erosion, as well as increasing morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plaque index (Silness & Löe, 1964), the gingival index (Löe & Silness, 1963), and the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in obese patients. The study included 45 extremely obese, 45 obese, and 45 normal-weight individuals between the ages of 18 and 58. The plaque index and gingival index of the individuals were determined by clinical examination by probing. In addition, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire was used for the OHRQoL. The IBM SPSS Statistic 22.0 software program was used for the statistical evaluation of the study data. The plaque index and gingival index values were statistically higher in obese compared to normal weight individuals (p0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the OHIP-14 total scores of the groups (p>0.05). Increased apparent plaque index and gingival index values in obese patients may adversely affect periodontal health.

La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica que puede estar relacionada con caries, periodontitis, xerostomía y erosión dental, además de aumentar la morbimortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el índice de placa, el índice gingival y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal (CVSB) en pacientes obesos. El estudio incluyó a 45 individuos extremadamente obesos, 45 obesos y 45 de peso normal entre las edades de 18 y 58 años. El índice de placa y el índice gingival de los individuos se determinaron mediante examen clínico y sondaje periodontal. Además, se utilizó el cuestionario Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) para la evaluación CVSB. Se utilizó el programa informático IBM SPSS Statistic 22.0 para la evaluación estadística. Los valores del índice de placa y del índice gingival fueron estadísticamente más altos en obesos en comparación con los individuos de peso normal (p0,05). No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las puntuaciones totales de OHIP-14 de los grupos (p>0,05). El aumento del índice de placa aparente y los valores del índice gingival en pacientes obesos pueden afectar negativamente la salud periodontal.

Gingival state and presence of red complex bacteria in 12-Year-Old schoolchildren / Estado gingival y presencia de bacterias del complejo rojo en escolares de 12 años

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the gingival state and presence of red complex bacteria in saliva samples of 12-year-old schoolchildren. A calibrated periodontist evaluated biofilm index (BI) (Silness and Löe, 1964), presence of calculus, and gingival index (GI) (Silness and Löe, 1967) in sixty two 12-year-old students of Carmen Lyra School. Saliva samples were collected from each student. The DNA of each sample was extracted and amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, using specific primers. The BI was 1.18. Calculus was present in 40.40% of the schoolchildren examined; 19.4% was supragingival calculus and 21% both supragingival and subgingival calculus. The GI was 0.97, which according to Silness and Löe is mild gingivitis. Gingivitis was present in 96.8% of the children examined. Regarding the PCR tests: 18 of the samples (31.58%) did not present any of the bacteria analyzed and the remaining 39 samples (68.42%) were positive for at least the presence of red complex bacteria. Within the limitations of this study, it is concluded that the prevalence of gingivitis and calculus is high in the sample examined, and the gingival state observed in the study population, may be related to the presence of red complex bacteria.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio era determinar el estado gingival y la presencia de bacterias del complejo rojo en muestras de saliva de niños de 12 años de la Escuela Carmen Lyra. Una periodoncista calibrada evaluó en 62 estudiantes de 12 años de la Escuela Carmen Lyra, el índice de biofilme (IB) (Silness y Löe, 1964), la presencia de cálculo y el índice gingival (IG) (Silness y Löe, 1967). Se recolectaron muestras de saliva de cada estudiante. El ADN de cada muestra fue extraído y amplificado por medio de la prueba PCR, empleando primers específicos, para determinar la presencia de bacterias del complejo rojo. El IB fue de 1.18. El cálculo estuvo presente en el 40.40% de la muestra, se encontró 19.4% de cálculo en supragingival y 21% tanto en supragingival como en subgingival. El IG fue de 0.97, que de acuerdo con Silness y Löe es una gingivitis leve. La gingivitis estuvo presente en el 96.8 % de los niños examinados. Con respecto a las pruebas PCR: 18 de las muestras (31.58 %) no presentaron ninguna de las bacterias analizadas y las 39 muestras restantes (68.42%) fueron positivas por lo menos a la presencia de las bacterias del complejo rojo. Dentro de las limitaciones de este estudio, se concluye que la prevalencia de gingivitis y cálculo es alta en la muestra examinada y el estado gingival observado puede estar relacionado con la presencia de bacterias del complejo rojo.

Índice de Placa Bacteriana, Índice Gingival y Prueba de Silometría en Pacientes con Síndrome de Sjögren Primario y Secundario / Bacterial Plate Index, Gingival Index, and Silometry Testing in Patients With Primary and Secondary Sjögren's Syndrome

El síndrome de Sjögren (SS) es una enfermedad crónica autoinmune presente en el 0.1 - 3.0 % de la población, en la que se encuentran involucradas las glándulas salivales, trayendo consigo manifestaciones orales como caries dental y enfermedad periodontal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el índice de placa, el índice gingival y la prueba de sialometría en pacientes con síndrome de Sjögren primario y secundario. Fueron evaluados clínicamente 40 pacientes con SS primario (n=20) y SS secundario (n=20), ambos grupos diagnosticados con periodontitis crónica. Se registró el índice de placa de Quigley-Hein modificado por Turesky, el índice gingival de Löe y la prueba de silometría estimulada, recolectando saliva parotídea con el dispositivo Carlson-Crittenden. Los pacientes con SS primario tuvieron un índice de placa de (3,53±0,5954) e índice gingival (2,41±0,2608). En pacientes con SS secundario el índice de placa fue (1,62±0,3795) y el índice gingival (1,48±0,3994), con diferencia significativa (p=0,0001) entre ambos grupos. El flujo salival se elevó en pacientes con SS secundario. El presente estudio concluye que el índice de placa y el índice gingival fueron mayores en pacientes con SS primario comparados con pacientes con SS secundario. La prueba de sialometría fue mayor en pacientes con SS secundario.

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease present in 0.1 - 3.0 % of the population, in which the salivary glands are involved, bringing with it oral manifestations such as dental caries and periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the plaque index, gingival index and the sialometry test in patients with primary and secondary Sjögren's syndrome. Forty patients with primary SS (n = 20) and secondary SS (n = 20), both groups diagnosed with chronic periodontitis, were evaluated clinically. The Quigley-Hein plaque index modified by Turesky, the gingival index of Löe and stimulated sialometry test collected from parotid gland by using Carlson-Crittenden device were recorded. The patients with primary SS had plaque index (3.53 ± 0.5954) and gingival index (2.41 ± 0.2608). The patients with secondary SS had a plaque index (1.62 ± 0.3795) and gingival index (1.48 ± 0.3994), with significant difference between both groups. The present study concludes that plaque index and gingival index were higher in patients with primary SS than patients with secondary SS. Sialometry test were higher in patients with secondary SS.

Gingival Health Related to Intake of Different Types of Foods and Body Mass Index in 12-year-old Schoolchildren / Salud gingival y su relación con la ingesta de diferentes tipos de alimentos y el índice de masa corporal en escolares de 12 años

Abstract: Research on gingival health of 12-year-old schoolchildren in Costa Rica is scarce. Since nutrition is an integral component of oral health, this study aimed to determine gingival status of 12-year-olds at Carmen Lyra Public School, San José, Costa Rica, and correlate these variables with the frequency of intake of different types of food and body mass index (BMI (kg/m2)). Sixty-two 12-year-old schoolchildren were recruited. A periodontist assessed Plaque Index (Silness and Löe,1964), presence of calculus, and Gingival Index (Löe and Silness, 1967). Gingivitis was defined as the presence of bleeding on probing (BOP) on at least one site, and the extent was classified according to the percentage of teeth whose gingiva presented BOP limited: 25-49% of teeth tested; extensive >50% of teeth tested. A semi-quantified food consumption frequency questionnaire was administered. BMI was calculated for each participant. Overall Plaque Index was 1.18. Calculus was present on 40.40% of the sample, 19.4% had supragingival calculus and 21% had either supragingival/subgingival calculus or both. Presence of calculus was related with number of bleeding surfaces (p=0.030). Number of teeth with calculus was related to bleeding(p=0.029), and number of bleeding surfaces (p=0.009). Gingival Index was 0.97, mild gingivitis. Gingivitis was present on 96.8% of children examined. Limited gingivitis was present in 11.5% of children and extensive gingivitis in 88.5%. None of the variables measured differed by gender. No relationships were found between the consumption of starchy foods, animal and vegetable protein sources, fruit, vegetables, fast foods, sugar sweetened beverages and desserts with Plaque Index, calculus, Gingival Index, and BOP. Teeth calculus was related with being overweight (chi- square=0.038). BMI for males was 20.21 and females 20.11. BMI was not related to BOP or calculus. Within the limitations of this pilot study, we concluded the prevalence of gingivitis and calculus is high in the sample examined. A greater sample is needed to determine correlations between the frequency of foods evaluated and gingival health.

Resumen: La investigación sobre la salud gingival en escolares de 12 años en Costa Rica es escasa. Dado que la nutrición es un componente integral de la salud oral, este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el estado de salud gingival de los niños de 12 años de la escuela Carmen Lyra, San José, Costa Rica, y correlacionar estas variables con la frecuencia de ingesta de diferentes tipos de alimentos y el índice de masa corporal (IMC (kg/m2)). Sesenta y dos escolares de 12 años fueron reclutados. Una periodoncista calibrada, evaluó el índice de placa (Silness y Löe, 1964), la presencia de cálculo y el índice gingival (Löe y Silness, 1967). La gingivitis se definió como la presencia de sangrado al sondaje en al menos un sitio. La extensión se clasificó de acuerdo con el porcentaje de dientes que presentaba sangrado al sondaje. Entre un 25-49% de los dientes con sangrado al sondaje, gingivitis limitada y extensiva, si presentaba más del 50% de dientes con sangrado al sondaje. Se administró un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. El IMC se calculó para cada participante. El índice de placa fue de 1,18. El cálculo estuvo presente en el 40.40% de la muestra, el 19.4% tenía cálculo supragingival y el 21% tenía cálculo supragingival / subgingival o ambos. La presencia de cálculo se relacionó con el número de superficies sangrantes (p=0.030). El número de dientes con cálculo, se relacionó con el sangrado (p=0.029) y el número de superficies sangrantes (p=0.009). El índice gingival fue de 0.97, gingivitis leve. La gingivitis estuvo presente en el 96,8% de los niños examinados. La gingivitis limitada estuvo presente en el 11.5% de los niños y la gingivitis extensa en el 88.5%. Ninguna de las variables evaluadas difirió por género. No se encontraron relaciones entre el consumo de harinas, fuentes de proteínas animales y vegetales, frutas, verduras, comidas rápidas, bebidas azucaradas y postres con el índice de placa, cálculo, índice gingival y sangrado al sondaje. El cálculo se relacionó con el sobrepeso (chi-cuadrado=0.038). El IMC para los hombres fue 20.21 y las mujeres 20.11. El IMC no estaba relacionado con el sangrado al sondaje o cálculo. Dentro de las limitaciones de este estudio piloto, concluimos que la prevalencia de gingivitis y cálculo es alta en la muestra examinada. Se necesita una muestra mayor para determinar las correlaciones entre la ingesta de los diferentes tipos de alimentos evaluados y la salud gingival.

Periodontal profile and oral hygiene status in pregnants at maternity hospital in the state of Goias, Brazil

ABSTRACT: Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the periodontal status of women during pregnancy attended in a maternity hospital, as well as their oral hygiene habits. Materials and Methods: The sample was composed by 100 pregnant women, ranging from their first to ninth month of pregnancy, were examined at a maternity hospital in Goiás, Brazil. They received information about oral hygiene techniques and they were submmited a periodontal examination in a dentist's office, where the Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) codes were verified along with bleeding on probing and tooth loss. Results: About their pregnancy period, the most (46%) were in their third trimester at the time of this study. The gingival index showed an average of 12% and 90% of the patients presented PSR Code 2. As for dental hygiene, 55% reported brushing three times a day and 48% used dental floss daily. Conclusion: The most pregnant women in the third trimester, showed a prevalence for gingivitis. They reported brushing their teeth three times a day and using dental floss daily.

[72-month evaluation of an oral health prevention strategy in schoolchildren]. / Evaluación a 72 meses de una estrategia de prevención en salud oral en escolares.

OBJECTIVE: Given the high prevalence of caries and periodontal disease globally, and its cumulative process from an early age, effective strategies are required to influence healthy habits that are formed in a sustainable manner, taking advantage of common spaces such as school. The objective was to evaluate for 72 months an oral health prevention strategy in schoolchildren. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study considered an initial sample of 350 students with similar cultural and socioeconomic conditions, which was later reduced to 220, after the 72 months. The tooth brushing practice was carried out at school daily; with teacher motivation and leader in oral health formation. Intervention was supervised all time long. to At the beginning and end of the 72 months, the following epidemiological indexes were taken: Silness-Loe plaque index, Loe-Silness Gingival index, brushing skill index by Simmons Smith & Gelbie (ISSG), and the MEDI-MED index that dichotomically considered: healthy permanent teeth, health of the gums and good attitude towards dental health. The statistical analysis included measures of central tendencies. The difference in averages of the indices was determined by the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The average of the indices: initial (II) and final (IF) registered as follows: gingival (II: 0.63-IF: 0.27) and bacterial plaque (II: 0.99-IF: 0.41) with a difference p <0.05. The index (ISSG) indicated a dental plaque removal of 82.18%.MEDI-MED index "healthy permanent teeth" (II: 91% - IF: 59%); Gum (II: 14% - IF: at 85%) and the "Mind" component (II: 96% - IF: 87%). CONCLUSIONS: The preventive strategy evaluated significantly reduced the rates of bacterial and gingival plaque. The MEDI-MED index indicated decreased in healthy permanent teeth and a positive attitude towards dentistry.

OBJETIVO: Dada la alta prevalencia de caries y enfermedad periodontal a nivel global, y su proceso acumulativo desde temprana edad, se requieren estrategias efectivas para incidir en hábitos saludables que se formen de manera sostenible, aprovechando espacios comunes como la escuela. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar a 72 meses una estrategia de prevención en salud oral en escolares. METODOS: Esta investigación cuasi-experimental, longitudinal consideró una muestra inicial de 350 escolares con condiciones culturales y socioeconómicas similares, que después de 72 meses se redujo a 220. La práctica de cepillado dentro de la escuela se realizó diariamente, con motivación de sus maestros y formación de lideres de salud oral. Durante todo el tiempo la intervención estuvo supervisada. Al inicio y a los 72 meses, se tomaron los índices epidemiológicos: de Placa de Silness y Loe, Gingival de Loe y Silness, cepillado de Simmons Smith y Gelbie (ICSG), y el índice MEDIMED que consideró dicotómicamente: dientes permanentes sanos, salud de la encía y buena actitud hacia la odontología. El análisis estadístico incluyó medidas de tendencia central. La diferencia de promedios de los índices se determinó con la prueba U de Mann Whitney. RESULTADOS: Los promedios de los índices iniciales (II) y finales (IF) registraron así: gingival (II: 0,63-IF: 0,27) y placa bacteriana (II: 0,99-IF: 0,41) con una diferencia p <0,05. El índice (ICSG) indicó una remoción de placa dental del 82,18%. El índice MEDIMED: "dientes permanentes sanos" (II: 91% - IF: 59%); encía (II: 14% - IF: a 85%) y el componente "Mente" (II: 96 % - IF: 87%). CONCLUSIONES: La estrategia preventiva evaluada disminuyó los índices de placa bacteriana y gingival en forma significativa. El índice MEDIMED indicó disminucion en dientes permanentes sanos y disminución de una actitud positiva hacia la odontologia.

Utilización del Colutorio de Aloe Vera en el Control de la Gingivitis en Pacientes Adultos: Un Estudio Preliminar / Use of Aloe Vera Mouthwash in the Control of Gingivitis in Adult Patients: A Preliminary Study

RESUMEN: La gingivitis implica una inflamación de las encías debido a la acumulación de placa, factores anatómicos, por la microbiota subgingival entre otros factores de riesgos, infectando los tejidos que rodean el diente. La utilización de colutorios colabora al cepillado en la prevención, control y reducción de esta condición, por lo que la generación de nuevos productos resulta primordial en el tratamiento de patologías periodontales. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer la eficacia del colutorio de Aloe Vera comparado con colutorios de clorhexidina en pacientes adultos que presenten gingivitis, en la comuna de Concepción, Chile. El diseño fue una serie de casos. Se evaluó la eficacia del colutorio de aloe vera sobre la gingivitis comparado con colutorio de clorhexidina pacientes entre 18 y 25 años a los diez días de uso en dos grupos con una relación 1:1. Las variables analizadas fueron el índice gingival e índice de placa. El universo fue de 87 sujetos. La muestra se calculó mediante análisis de varianzas arrojando 18 sujetos. Se aprobó por un comité de bioética. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, además de la t de Student para las asociaciones. Los resultados mostraron una significativa reducción del índice de placa para clorhexidina (IPI de 57,8 a IPF de 27,7), Aloe vera (IPI de 64,3 a IPF de 42,1) y en el índice gingival para clorhexidina (IGI de 0,26 a IGF de 0,11), aloe vera (IGI de 0,95 a IGF de 0,42). El colutorio de aloe vera disminuye significativamente la concentración de placa y la inflamación gingival.

ABSTRACT: Gingivitis correspond to inflammation of the gums as a result of plaque deposits, a material composed of bacteria attached to the tooth, infecting surrounding tissues, in addition to microorganisms of the subgingival microbiota. The use of mouthwash in addition to brushing, helps in the prevention, control and reduction of this condition, so that the generation of new products is paramount in the treatment of periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to establish the efficacy of Aloe Vera Mouthwash compared with Chlorhexidine mouthwash in adults and patients with gingivitis, in the municipality of Concepción, Chile. The design was a clinical pilot study. The effectiveness of Aloe Vera mouthwash on Gingivitis mouthwash versus chlorhexidine between 18 and 25 on the tenth day of use was evaluated. The variables analyzed were the plaque index and gingival index. A total of 87 subjects were analyzed. The sample was calculated by analysis of variance yielding 18 subjects. It was approved by a committee of bioethics. Descriptive statistics were used in addition to the Student t test for associations. Results showed a significant reduction in the rate of Plaque for chlorhexidine (ICI IPF 57.8 to 27.7), Aloe Vera (IPI IPF 64.3 to 42.1) and Gingival Index for chlorhexidine (IGI 0.26 0.11 IGF), aloe Vera (IGI 0.95 0.42 IGF). Aloe Vera mouthwash significantly decreases the concentration of plaque and gingival inflammation.

Efectos clínicos de Lactobacillus reuteri en el tratamiento de la gingivitis: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado controlado / Clinical effect of Lactobacillus reuteri in the treatment of gingivitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de L. reuteri como adjunto en el tratamiento de la gingivitis. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un ensayo clínico aleatorizado placebo controlado en sujetos con gingivitis durante 3 meses. El grupo test recibió una tableta por día de la cepa probiótica Lactobacillus reuteri (dosis 2x10(8) UFC por día), el grupo control recibió las mismas tabletas pero sin bacterias vivas. La variable de resultado principal fue el índice gingival (IG), y las variables de resultado secundarias fueron el índice de placa (IP) y el índice de sangrado al sondaje (IS). Se realizó comparación intra e inter-grupos en el basal y al finalizar la intervención (3 meses). Resultados: Fueron incluidos en el análisis un total de 30 sujetos (15 test, 15 control). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos en el basal (p> 0.05). Después de 3 meses de intervención se produjo en ambos grupos una disminución estadísticamente significativa en el índice gingival, índice de sangrado al sondaje e índice de placa (p< 0.05). Se detectó una significativa reducción en el número de sitios con IG 2 solo en el grupo test (p< 0.05). Conclusiones: El uso de tabletas de probiótico con L. reuteri como adjunto en el tratamiento de la gingivitis, produce una significativa reducción en el número de sitios que presentan inflamación más severa.

ABSTRACT: Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of L. reuteri as adjunct in the treatment of the gingivitis. Materials and Methods: A placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in gingivitis subjects for 3 months. Test treatment consisted of the administration of one tablet per day containing the probiotic strain Lactobacillus reuteri (doses 2x10(8) UFC per day), the control group received the same tablets but without live bacteria. The main outcome variable was the change in gingival index (GI), and the secondary outcome variables were the plaque index (PII) and the bleeding on probing (BoP). Outcome variables were compared between and within groups at baseline and at the end of intervention (3 months). Results: A total of 30 subjects (15 test, 15 control) were included in the analysis. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups at baseline (p> 0.05). Both treatment groups experienced a statistically significant improvement in the GI, PII and BoP (p < 0.05). There was a significant reduction in the number of sites with GI 2 only in the test group (p< 0.05). Conclusions: The use of probiotic tablets containing L. reuteri produces a significant reduction in the number of sites with severe inflammation.

Plaque index and gingival index during rapid maxillary expansion of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess, during rapid maxillary expansion, the plaque index (PI) and the gingival index (GI) of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate(UCLP) using Hyrax (HX) or inverted mini-Hyrax (IMHX) rapid maxillary expanders (RME) considering patients' sex and age. Methods: PI (Quigley Index modified by Turesky et al) and GI (Löe and Silness) of 28 UCLP (11 females; 17 males: aged 8 to 15 years) submitted to daily RME activation were assessed before (T0) and 7 (T1), 28 (T2) and 90 (T3) days after activation. Log-linear models and Bonferroni correction were performed to analyze possible differences in PI and GI between RME, sexes or age groups over time. Results: Intra-group comparison revealed significant increases in PI of patients using HX (T0 < T2), IMHX (T0 < T3; T1< T3), males (T0 < T1; T0 < T2; T0 < T3) or aged 12-15 years (T0 < T1; T0 < T2; T0 < T3), and in GI of patients using IMHX (T0 < T3; T1 < T3), females (T1 < T3; T2 < T3) or aged 12-15 years (T0 < T3; T2 < T3). One inter-group difference in GI according to patients' age (8-11 < 12-15; T1) was observed. Conclusions: Since a single difference between groups was encountered, the results of this study indicated that PI and GI during maxillary expansion were similar between HX and IMHX, sexes and the analyzed age groups. Therefore, orthodontists can use these RME in UCLP patients according to the patient's necessity or their preferences.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar, durante a expansão rápida da maxila (ERM), o índice de placa dentária (IP) e o índice gengival (IG) de pacientes com fissura labiopalatina unilateral (FLPU), usando o aparelho disjuntor Hyrax (HX) ou o mini-Hyrax invertido (MHXI), considerando-se também o sexo e a idade. Métodos: o IP (Quigley-Hein modificado por Turesky et al.) e o IG (Silness e Löe) de 28 pacientes com FLPU (11 meninas; 8-15 anos de idade) tratados com ativação diária do aparelho de ERM foram avaliados antes (T0) e após 7 (T1), 28 (T2) e 90 (T3) dias da ativação inicial. Modelos de regressão log-linear e correção de Bonferroni foram usados para analisar as possíveis diferenças de IP e IG entre os grupos, de acordo com o tipo de aparelho de ERM, sexo e idade, ao longo do tempo. Resultados: as comparações intragrupos revelaram aumentos significativos do IP em pacientes usando HX (T0< T2) ou MHXI (T0< T3; T1< T3), com idades entre 12 e 15 anos (T0 < T1; T0 < T2; T0 < T3), e do IG de pacientes usando MHXI (T0< T3; T1< T3), que eram meninas (T1 < T3; T2 < T3), com idades entre 12 e 15 anos (T0 < T3; T2 < T3). Uma diferença no IG entre grupos foi observada em relação à idade dos pacientes (8-11 < 12-15; T1). Conclusões: uma única diferença entre grupos foi encontrada, o que sugere que os resultados de IP e IG, durante a expansão maxilar, foram semelhantes entre os grupos HX e MHXI, bem como entre os sexos e idades analisadas. Dessa forma, os ortodontistas podem usar esses aparelhos de ERM no tratamento de pacientes com FLPU de acordo com as necessidades do paciente ou suas preferências.

Estado gingival de dientes temporales con y sin restauración de coronas de acero en niños de 3 a 9 años / Gingival Condition around the Temporary Teeth with and without Steel Crown Restorations in 3-to-9 Year-Old Children

Antecedentes: Con las coronas de acero es posible conservar los dientes temporales hasta su exfoliación fisiológica; sin embargo, en la literatura existe controversia con respecto al comportamiento del tejido gingival de los dientes restaurados con coronas de acero. Propósito: /Analizar el estado gingival de dientes temporales con restauración de coronas de acero y sin esta en niños de 3 a 9 años de edad atendidos en las clínicas odontológicas de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, en Bogotá, entre 2013 y 2014. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se observaron 110 dientes temporales restaurados con corona de acero y sus antagonistas sin corona de acero. Se analizaron los índices gingival y de biopelíeula, la adaptación clínica de las coronas de acero y la presencia o ausencia de exceso de cemento en todas las superficies de los dientes. Resultados: No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la adaptación de las coronas de acero y el estado gingival. El único indicador relevante fixe la superficie vestibular (p = 0,018). Por otra parte, el estado gingival y la biopelíeula presentaron una baja correlación (¡9 %). Conclusiones: El índice gingival de dientes restaurados con coronas de acero y sin estas presentó una correlación positiva entre la inflamación gingival y la edad de la población pediátrica, aun cuando la retención de biopelíeula no fue significativa.

Bideground: Ihc use of steel crowns enables to preserve the temporary teeth until their physiological changeover; however, in the literature there is a controversy regarding the behavior of the gingival tissue around teeth restored with steel crowns. Purpose: To analyze the gingival condition around the temporary teeth that have been restored with and without steel crowns in children from 3 to 9 years old who attended to the dental clinic at the Pontificia Universidad de Colombia in Bogotá between 2013 and 2014. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out and 110 temporary teeth restored with steel crown were observed and compared to the teeth restored without it. Biofilm and gingival indexes were analyzed as well as the steel crown clinical adaptation and the presence of cement excess in any of the dental surfaces. Results: No significant statistical difference was found bccwccn the steel crown adaptation and the gingival condition. 'Ihc only relevant indicator was the vestibular surface (p = 0.018). On the other hand, both the biofilm and the gingival condition showed a poor correlation (19%). Conclusions: Ihc gingival index in teeth restored with and without steel crown showed a positive correlation between gingival inflammation and the children populación age, even chough the biofilm retention was not significant.

Epidemiología del estado de salud periodontal en la VII Región del Maule, Chile / Epidemiology of periodontal status in the Maule Region, Chile

Antecedentes Pese a que la enfermedad periodontal es una patología altamente prevalente, en Chile la información regional es escasa y limitada, especialmente en lo referente a la realidad de la población rural. Objetivo Dada la falta de datos locales y el alto índice de ruralidad de la Región del Maule, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el estado periodontal de la población de 6, 12, 15, 35 a 44 y 65 a 74 años que vive en la Región del Maule. Metodología Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal (EpiMaule) con 2.414 personas, agrupadas según las edades de vigilancia epidemiológica señaladas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para estudios poblacionales, sexo y zona de procedencia. Se midió el índice de placa bacteriana de Silness y Löe (IP), el índice gingival de Löe y Silness (IG) y el índice periodontal comunitario (IPC). Se analizaron los datos mediante estadística descriptiva y analítica con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados La gran mayoría de la población presentó niveles moderados de placa bacteriana y de inflamación gingival, tanto los niños como los adultos y los adultos mayores. Los adolescentes de 15 años mostraron la mayor prevalencia de sangramiento al sondaje en todas las edades examinadas. Los adultos mayores mostraron los valores más altos de IP (1,75) e IG (1,62) entre todos los grupos estudiados, afectando mayormente a los mayores que viven en zonas rurales. Los hombres y la población rural presentan los valores más altos para el IP como para el IG (p < 0,05). Con un 77,2% de la población de 35 a 44 años, el código 2 del IPC fue el más frecuentemente detectado. Por su parte, el 28,8% de los participantes de 65-74 años tenían profundidades al sondaje ≥ 4 mm, representando el grupo etario con mayor prevalencia de este nivel de IPC (p < 0,05). Conclusiones La población de la Región del Maule presenta importantes diferencias en el estado periodontal según edad, sexo y ruralidad, siendo los más afectados los adultos mayores. Estos datos sugieren la necesidad de implementar políticas de salud bucal que aborden diferencialmente las distintas necesidades de las personas.

Background Despite periodontal disease being highly prevalent in Chile, information from the regions is scarce and limited, particular as regards the situation in the rural population. Objective Given the lack of local data and the high rurality index of the Maule Region, the aim of this study was to determine the periodontal status of the 6, 12, 15, 35 to 44, and 65 to 74 year-old population that lives in the Region. Methodology A cross-sectional study (EpiMaule) was conducted on 2,414 individuals, grouped according to the epidemiological surveillance ages indicated by the World Health Organisation (WHO) for population studies, sex and area of study. The measurements made include the Silness-Löe bacterial plaque index (IP), Silness-Löe gingival index (IG), and the community periodontal index (IPC). The data were analysed using descriptive and analytical statistics with a significance level of 5%. Results The large majority of the population, including children, adults and the elderly, had moderate levels of bacterial plaque and gingival inflammation. Adolescents of 15 years showed the highest prevalence of bleeding on probing in all the ages examined. The older adults had the highest IP (1.75) and IG values among all the groups studied, mainly affecting the older ones that lived in rural areas. Males and the rural population had the highest values for IP as well as for IG (P < .05). A CPI level of 2 was most frequently detected in 77.2% of the 35 to 44 years population. On the other hand, more than one-quarter (28.8%) of the 65-74 year-old participant had probe depths ≥ 4 mm, being the age group with a high prevalence at this CPI level (P < .05). Conclusions The population of the Maule Region show significant differences in periodontal status, according to age, sex, and rurality, with the elderly being the most affected. These data suggest the need to implement oral health policies that differentially approach the individual needs of the population.

Periodontal status of mentally handicapped school children in Caracas, Venezuela: a cross-sectional study / Estado periodontal en escolares con déficit mental en Caracas, Venezuela: estudio de corte transversal

Periodontal disease is a chronic multifactor pathology, characterized by the progressive destruction of the dental structures support tissues. Patients with some type of disability have a higher predisposition to develop periodontal disease, due to bad hygiene, product of their motor and psychological deficiencies, and to their systemic alterations that difficult the defense against periodontopathogenic microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the periodontal status of a group of children with special needs, and a control group. 47 patients with mental retardation and Down syndrome from three special education centers, and 31 healthy patients of ages ranging from 6 to 15 years, were dentally evaluated, to determine their plaque index, gingival index, and the presence of calculus. After gathering the data and tabulating the results, a 1.08 plaque index was determined, and a gingival index of 1.03, corresponding to a mild gingivitis in the study group. On the other hand, on the group of regular patients, there was a 1.08 PI and a 0.96 GI. Calculus percentage was similar on both groups. However, a large percentage of children with mild gingival inflammation was observed in the group of special patients (53.19 percent,) compared to the control group (29 percent).

La enfermedad periodontal es una patología crónica y multifactorial donde ocurre una progresiva destrucción de los tejidos de soporte de las estructuras dentales. El desarrollo de la enfermedad periodontal está dado inicialmente por la presencia de placa dental que aunado a factores inmunológicos, hormonales y celulares conllevan a un desarrollo más rápido o agresivo. Los pacientes que presentan algún tipo de discapacidad, tienen una predisposición mayor a desarrollar enfermedad periodontal debido a la mala higiene por sus deficiencias motoras y psíquicas y a sus alteraciones sistémicas que dificultan la defensa ante los microorganismos periodontopatógenos. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar y comparar el estatus periodontal de un grupo de niños con necesidades especiales y un grupo control. 47 pacientes con Retardo mental y Síndrome de Down pertenecientes a tres centros de educación especial y 31 pacientes sanos con edades comprendidas entre 6 y 15 años fueron evaluados odontológicamente, determinándose el índice de placa, el índice gingival y la presencia de cálculo. Posterior a la obtención y tabulación de los resultados, se determinó un índice de placa de 1.08 que se corresponde con la presencia de una placa adherida leve y un índice gingival de 1.03 que se corresponde con una gingivitis leve en el grupo de estudio. Por el contrario, en el grupo de pacientes regulares se obtuvo 1.08 de IP y 0.96 de IG. El porcentaje de cálculo fue similar en ambos grupos, 48.94 por ciento en el grupo de estudio y 45.16 por ciento en el grupo sano. Sin embargo, se observó un alto porcentaje de niños con inflamación gingival moderada en el grupo de pacientes especiales (53.19 por ciento) comparado con el grupo control (29 por ciento).

Evaluation of dental staining using a dentifrice containing chlorhexidine and zinc acetate. A doble blind randomizedclinical trial / Avaliação de dentifrício contendo clorexidina e acetato de zinco. Estudo clínico controlado randomizado duplo cego

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the association of chlorhexidine with zinc acetate in dentifrices formulations could reduce the emergence of extrinsic tooth stain. As second outcome check the clinical gingival parameters. Methods: 30 volunteers were randomly divided into three groups: CHX+Z, consisting of 10 participants who used a dentifrice with 0.8% chlorhexidine gluconate and zinc acetate 1.16%; CHX group, with 10 participants who used a similar formulation dentifrice without zinc acetate, and the Placebo group also with 10 participants who used a dentifrice formulation similar but without the chlorhexidine and zinc acetate. Patients were assessed at baseline and 60 days when the indexes of plaque, gingival bleeding and staining were collected. Results: The results showed that by day 60, there was a decrease of both plaque index(PI) and the gingival index(GI) for all groups. Additionally, it was observed that both groups using dentifrice containing chlorhexidine, showed more stain than placebo. The CHX+Z group showed less stain compared to the CHX group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The difference between Placebo and Chlorhexidine Groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05) when considered the stain intensity and area plus intensity scores. The CHX+Z group was as efficient in PI and GI reduction as the CHX group. Conclusions: The association of chlorhexidine with zinc acetate showed no additional benefits regarding reducing the staining. The dentifrices containing chlorhexidine presented higher reduction of GI and PI when compared to Placebo group.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a associação de clorexidina com acetato de zinco em dentifrícios poderia reduzir o aparecimento de manchas dentárias extrínsecas. Como segundo objetivo verificar os parâmetros clínicos gengivais. Materiais e métodos: 30 voluntários foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos: CHX + Z, composta por 10 participantes que usaram um creme dental com 0,8% de gluconato de clorexidina e acetato de zinco 1,16%; grupo CHX, com 10 participantes que usaram uma formulação de dentifrício semelhante, porém sem acetato de zinco, e o grupo do placebo também com 10 participantes que usaram uma formulação dentífrica semelhante, mas sem a clorexidina e sem acetato de zinco. Os pacientes foram avaliados no início do estudo e após 60 dias, quando foram coletados os índices de placa, sangramento gengival e manchas. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram que ao dia 60, havia uma redução em ambos os índices, de placa (IP) e do índice gengival (IG) em todos os grupos. Além disso, observou-se que em ambos os grupos que utilizou dentifrício contendo clorexidina, mostrou um maior índice de manchas maior do que o placebo. O grupo CHX + Z apresentou um índice de manchas menor em relação ao grupo

Oral Health Longitudinal Evaluation of Students from a Public School after Guidance and Implementation of Preventive Measures / Avaliação longitudinal da saúde bucal de escolares de escola pública após orientação e realização de medidas preventivas

Objective: To assess longitudinally the DMFT, plaque and gingival rates of children and teenagers from a public school in São José dos Campos, Brazil, after performing a preventive and motivational program through the University Extension program of School of Dentistry of Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos – UNESP. Materials and Methods: 300 students were randomly selected and divided into three groups, Group 1: 100 children from 2nd to 5th grade of elementary school, Group 2: 100 children from 6th to 9th grade of elementary school; Group 3: 100 teenagers from first to third year of high school. A questionnaire was used to evaluate knowledge about oral habits and general oral health of students. Clinical examinations were performed to assess the gingival, DMFT and plaque index in the initial time (t0), 1 year (t1) and 2 years (t2). The questionnaire and clinical examination results led to implementation of a scheme to promote oral health throughout the school years. The collected data were statistically analyzed. Results: Mean values for DMFT were: Group 1: t0 = 2.3 / t1 = 2.28 / t2 = 1.88, group 2: t0 = 1.81 / t1 = 1.56 / t2 = 1.51 and Group 3: t0 = 1.92 / t1 = 2.61/ t2 = 1.86; for dental plaque index: group 1: t0 = 3.83/ t1 = 2.62/ t2 = 2.30, group 2: t0 = 2.06 / t1 = 3.24 / t2 = 1.39; Group 3: t0 = 2.27 / t1 = 0.94 / t2 = 0.8, and the gingival index: group 1: t0 = 1.31 / t1 = 0.79 / t2 = 0.96, group 2: t0 = 1.27 / t1 = 0.84 / t2 = 0.38; group 3: t0 = 1.21 / t1 = 0.82 / t2 = 0.23. Conclusion: There was a significant decrease in all evaluated indexes after 2 years of program, confirming thus the importance of systematic implementation of preventive measures.

Objetivo: avaliar longitudinalmente os índices de CPO-D, placa e gengival de crianças e adolescentes de uma escola pública da cidade de São José dos Campos após realização de medidas de prevenção e motivação por meio do programa Extensão Universitária do Curso de Odontologia do Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de São José dos Campos – UNESP. Material e Método: foram selecionados aleatoriamente 300 alunos (N = 300), divididos em três grupos distintos; Grupo 1: 100 crianças do 2o ao 5o ano do Ensino Fundamental; Grupo 2: 100 crianças do 6o ao 9o ano do Ensino Fundamental; Grupo 3: 100 adolescentes do 1o ao 3o ano do Ensino Médio. Foi aplicado um questionário para avaliar o conhecimento com relação aos hábitos bucais e conhecimentos gerais sobre a saúde bucal dos alunos. Foram realizados exames clínicos para avaliar o índice gengival, o CPO-D e o índice de placa nos tempos inicial (t0), 1 ano (t1) e 2 anos (t2). Os resultados do questionário e dos exames clínicos conduziram à implantação de medidas de promoção de saúde bucal ao longo dos anos letivos. Os dados coletados foram analisados estatisticamente. Resultados: as médias obtidas foram para o índice CPOD: grupo 1, t0 = 2.3 / t1 = 2.28 / t2 = 1.88; grupo 2, t0 = 1.81 / t1 = 1.56 / t2 = 1.51 e grupo 3, t0 = 1.92 / t1 = 2,61 / t2 = 1,86; para o índice de placa dental: grupo 1, t0 = 3.83 / t1 = 2.62 / t2 = 2.30; grupo 2, t0 = 2.06 / t1 = 3.24 / t2 = 1.39; grupo 3, t0 = 2,27 / t1 = 0.94/t2 = 0.8, e para o índice gengival: grupo 1, t0 = 1.31/t1 = 0.79/t2 = 0.96; grupo 2, t0 = 1.27 / t1 = 0.84 / t2 = 0.38; grupo 3, t0 = 1.21 / t1 = 0.82 / t2 = 0.23. Conclusão: houve redução significante em todos os índices avaliados após 2 anos do programa, constatando-se assim a importância da implantação sistemática de medidas preventivas.

Efectividad del uso tópico de Salvia officinalis en la disminución del índice gingival en sujetos con gingivitis / Effectiveness of topical use of Salvia officinalis in the gingival index decrease in subjects with gingivitis

Introducción: La gingivitis es el problema periodontal de mayor prevalencia en la población, por lo que deben buscarse más alternativas de tratamiento y prevención. Objetivo: Evaluar efecto del uso de Salvia officinalis en disminución del índice gingival modificado (IG) en alumnos de Odontología de la Universidad del Desarrollo diagnosticados con gingivitis, año 2010. Sujetos y Método: Fue realizado un estudio cuantitativo, ciego, experimental del tipo ensayo clínico controlado con placebo, sobre la acción de extracto de S. officinalis en dentífrico y colutorios para gingivitis inducida por placa bacteriana, en 33 alumnos de odontología de la Universidad del Desarrollo, Concepción; 13 mujeres y 20 hombres entre 21 y 29 años. Fueron divididos en tres grupos; placebo, colutorio y dentífrico. Luego del inicio del tratamiento fueron citados a los 7, 14 y 28 días, finalizando el tratamiento el día 14. Resultados: En el control no se encontró diferencias significativas (p=0.061) la primera semana, mientras que en los grupos con colutorio o dentífrico si hubo diferencias significativas (p=0.000 y p=0.002). La última semana al retirar el placebo, el IG se mantuvo, por otro lado en los grupos con S. officinalis no continuó el descenso. La disminución del IG fue mayor para los grupos colutorio y dentífrico que para el control. Discusión: El uso de S. officinalis es efectivo en la disminución del IG. El colutorio y dentífrico logran disminuir con mayor rapidez el IG. El colutorio logró la mayor disminución del IG.

Background: Gingivitis is the most prevalent periodontal problem in people, so we need to find new alternatives for treatment and prevention. Aim: To evaluate the effects of Salvia officinalis in the declining modified gingival index (GI) in dentistry students of the Universidad del Desarrollo diagnosed with gingivitis, year 2010. Subjects and Methods: This was a quantitative study, blinded, experimental type of placebo-controlled clinical trials on the action of extract of S. officinalis in toothpaste and mouthwash for plaque-induced gingivitis in 33 dental students from Universidad del Desarrollo, Concepción; 13 women and 20 men between 21 and 29 years old, were divided into three groups: placebo, mouthwash and toothpaste. After the first appointment we call the patients every 7, 14 and 28 days, we ended the treatment at day 14. Results: In the control group there was no significant difference (p=0.061) the first week, while groups with mouthwash and toothpaste, there were significant differences (p=0.00). The last week, as we remove the placebo, the GI was maintained. On the other hand, in groups with S. officinalis the drop did not continue. The decrease of GI was higher in groups with mouthwash and toothpaste than in the control group. Discussion: The use of S. officinalis is effective in reducing the GI. The mouthwash and toothpaste decrease more rapidly the IG. The mouthwash achieved the greatest reduction of IG.

Comparação de parâmetros periodontais após utilização de contenção ortodôntica com fio trançado e contenção modificada / Comparison of periodontal parameters after the use of orthodontic multi-stranded wire retainers and modified retainers

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to compare two types of fixed orthodontic retainers (a multi-stranded wire retainer and a modified retainer) in relation to established periodontal parameters. The multi-stranded wire retainer is commonly used, and the modified retainer has bends to enable free access of dental floss to interproximal areas. METHODS: For this crossover study, 12 volunteers were selected and used the following retainers for six months: (A) a multi-stranded wire retainer and (B) a modified retainer. Both retainers were fixed to all anterior lower teeth.After this experimental period, the following evaluations were made: Dental Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Dental Calculus Index and Retainer Wire Calculus Index. The volunteers also responded to a questionnaire about the use, comfort and hygiene of the retainers. RESULTS: It was observed that the plaque index and the gingival index were higher on the lingual surface (p<0.05) for the modified retainer. Furthermore, the calculus index was statistically higher (p<0.05) for the lingual and proximal surfaces when using the modified retainer. The retainer wire calculus index values were also significantly higher (p<0.05) for the modified retainer. In the questionnaire, 58 percent of the volunteers considered the modified retainer to be less comfortable and 54 percent of them preferred the multi-stranded wire retainer. CONCLUSION: From the results obtained, it could be concluded that the multi-stranded wire retainer showed better results than the modified retainer according to the periodontal parameters evaluated, as well as providing greater comfort and being the retainer preferred by the volunteers.

OBJETIVO: o presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar dois tipos de contenções ortodônticas fixas, em relação a parâmetros periodontais estabelecidos. A contenção com fio trançado é a mais comumente utilizada e a contenção modificada apresenta dobras que têm a finalidade de permitir o livre acesso do fio dental às áreas interproximais.MÉTODOS: para esse estudo cruzado, foram selecionados 12 voluntários que utilizaram, por 6 meses, A) Contenção com fio trançado e B) Contenção modificada — sendo essas fixadas em todos os dentes do segmento anterior. Após esse período experimental, foram feitas as seguintes avaliações: Índice de Placa Dentária, Índice Gengival, Índice de Cálculo Dentário e Índice de Cálculo ao longo do fio de contenção. Os voluntários também responderam a um questionário com relação à utilização, conforto e higienização das contenções.RESULTADOS: foi observado que o índice de placa e o índice gengival foram maiores nas faces linguais (p<0,05) para a contenção modificada. Além disso, o índice de cálculo foi estatisticamente maior (p<0,05) considerando-se as faces linguais e proximais na utilização da contenção modificada. O índice de cálculo ao longo do fio também apresentou valores significativamente maiores (p<0,05) na contenção modificada. Em relação ao questionário, 58% dos voluntários consideraram que a contenção modificada é mais desconfortável; e 54% deles preferiram a contenção com fio trançado.CONCLUSÃO: a partir dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que a contenção com fio trançado apresentou melhores resultados do que a contenção modificada, de acordo com os parâmetros periodontais avaliados, além de apresentar maior conforto e preferência na sua utilização.

Efectividad y preferencia de la rafia como material de limpieza dental interproximal / Effectiveness and Patient Preference of a raffia-type material for interproximal dental hygiene / Efetividade e preferência da ráfia como material alternativo para a limpeza dentária interprossimal

Antecedentes: el uso de la seda dental en programas de salud pública oral se constituye en un problema económico, debido a su alto costo. La rafia se ha propuesto como un materialalternativo de limpieza interdental. Objetivo: determinar la efectividad y preferencia de la rafia usada durante dos meses como material alternativo de limpieza interproximal. Métodos:se realizó un estudio experimental doble ciego, con 96 jóvenes en el grupo control y 105 en el experimental. Antes de la prueba y después de esta se determinaron los índices de placa bacteriana de Quigley y Hein modificado, inflamación gingival de Lõe y Silness y presencia de hendiduras en la papila interproximal y en los labios en la zona de las comisuras en un mapa de tejidos blandos. Se aplicó, además, el cuestionario de preferencia deHanes y colaboradores. Resultados: se halló una diferencia significativa entre el promedio del índice de placa inicial y final y el promedio del índice gingival, tanto en los jóvenes que utilizaron la rafia (p<0,05) como en los que utilizaron el material del grupo control (seda) (p<0,05). Hubo una mayor proporción de jóvenes que consideró que la rafia se reventaba fácilmente, lastimaba la encía y era muy gruesa, difícil de introducir entre los dientes e incómoda. Conclusión: la rafia fue efectiva para disminuir, en promedio, el índice de placa bacteriana y el índice gingival. En cuanto a la preferencia, los jóvenes refirieron problemasrelacionados con la comodidad en su uso...

Background: The use of dental floss in public health programs is an economic problem due to its high cost. The raffia has been proposed an alternative material for interdental hygiene. Objective: Determine the effectiveness and patient preference of raffia used during two months as an alternative material for cleaning interproximal surfaces. Methods: This experimental double-blind study included 96 young individuals in the control group and 105in the experimental group. The study examined the pre- and post-test Quigley-Hein modified dental plaque index, Lõe & Silness gingival index, and the presence of grooves in the interproximal papilla and lip commissures. Data were written down in a soft tissue map-chart. Moreover, the Hannes et al. preference survey was applied. Results: A significant difference was observed between the average initial and final dental plaque indexes and gingival index in individuals who used raffia (p<0.05) and those in the control group who used dental floss (p<0.05). A greater proportion of subjects found raffia prone to tear, harmful for gums,thick, difficult to use in between the teeth, and uncomfortable to use. Conclusion: Raffia was effective in lowering the dental plaque index and gingival index scores. Regarding the users’ preference of using raffia problems related to comfort use were reported...

Introdução: o uso do fio dental em programas de saúde pública oral torna-se um problema econômico devido a seu alto custo. A ráfia tem sido proposta como um material alternativo para a limpeza dentária. Objetivo: determinar a efetividade e a preferência da ráfia usada durante dois meses como material alternativo de limpeza dentária interprossimal. Método: o estudo experimental duplo-cego, 96 jovens no grupo controle e 105 no grupo experimental.Tomaram-se os pré- e pós-índices de placa bacteriana de Quigley e Hein modificados, inflamação gengival de Loe e Silness e a presencia de fendas na papila interprossimal e nos lábios ao nível da comissura num mapa de tecidos moles. Aplicou-se também o questionário de preferência de Hanes et al. Resultados: observa-se uma diferencia significativa entre o meio do índice de placa inicial e final e o meio do índice gengival tanto em jovens queutilizaram a ráfia (p<0,05) como em aqueles que utilizaram o material do grupo controle (fio) (p<0,05). Houve uma maior proporção de jovens que consideraram que a ráfia podia-serebentar facilmente, lastimava a gengiva, era muito grossa, era difícil de introduzir entre os dentes e era também muito incômoda. Conclusão: a ráfia foi efetiva para reduzir no pontomeio o índice de placa bacteriana e o índice gengival. Em quanto à preferência, os jovens referem os problemas relacionados com a comodidade no seu uso...