Association of uric acid with body adiposity and biochemical parameters in kidney transplant patients.

BACKGROUND: Obesity and various biochemical parameters, including triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, C-reactive protein, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, have been linked to elevated uric acid (UA) levels in populations with normal kidney function due to decreased UA excretion and/or increased UA synthesis. However, it remains unclear whether all these factors exhibit similar associations with UA levels in clinical populations characterized by compromised renal function, such as kidney transplant patients (KTPs). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether serum UA levels are associated with body adiposity and biochemical parameters in KTPs. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 113 KTPs was conducted. Body fat was estimated using bioelectrical impedance, and waist circumference was measured using an inelastic tape. Serum levels of UA, creatinine, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and its fractions were measured using the colorimetric method. C-reactive protein levels were assessed using the immunoturbidimetric method, and urea levels were determined via enzymatic kinetics. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated using the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration equation. Linear regression analyses were employed to assess the association between serum UA levels and body adiposity as well as biochemical parameters, while adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: Serum UA levels exhibited a positive association with creatinine (ß = 0.402; p = 0.013) and urea (ß = 0.024; p = 0.001), while demonstrating an inverse association with estimated glomerular filtration rate (ß = -0.030; p < 0.001). However, serum UA levels were not significantly associated with fat mass (both in kilograms and as a percentage), waist circumference, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, glucose, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, or total cholesterol. CONCLUSION: Serum UA levels are only associated with biochemical parameters linked to renal function in KTPs. Consequently, in individuals with suboptimal renal function, such as KTPs, UA does not exhibit associations with other biochemical parameters and body adiposity, as commonly observed in non-renal disease populations.

An explainable Artificial Intelligence software system for predicting diabetes.

Implementing diabetes surveillance systems is paramount to mitigate the risk of incurring substantial medical expenses. Currently, blood glucose is measured by minimally invasive methods, which involve extracting a small blood sample and transmitting it to a blood glucose meter. This method is deemed discomforting for individuals who are undergoing it. The present study introduces an Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) system, which aims to create an intelligible machine capable of explaining expected outcomes and decision models. To this end, we analyze abnormal glucose levels by utilizing Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). In this regard, the glucose levels are acquired through the glucose oxidase (GOD) strips placed over the human body. Later, the signal data is converted to the spectrogram images, classified as low glucose, average glucose, and abnormal glucose levels. The labeled spectrogram images are then used to train the individualized monitoring model. The proposed XAI model to track real-time glucose levels uses the XAI-driven architecture in its feature processing. The model's effectiveness is evaluated by analyzing the performance of the proposed model and several evolutionary metrics used in the confusion matrix. The data revealed in the study demonstrate that the proposed model effectively identifies individuals with elevated glucose levels.

Pre-and post-surgical non-functional pituitary adenomas and their relationship with high levels of serum glucose.

OBJECTIVES: This clinical, analytical, retro-prospective, auto-controlled, not randomized, and not blinded study, aimed to investigate the association of changes in the serum glucose levels with the pre-and-post changes in the size tumor in mm3 in the Non-Functional pituitary adenomas. METHODS: Pre-and post-surgical MRI, as well as the measurements in the serum glucose levels and immunohistochemical techniques were performed in all the patients in the study, with a mean followed-up until 208.57 days. A comparison was made between the reductions in tumor size of hormonally active pituitary adenomas (HSPAs) vs NFPAs. RESULTS: Seventy-four patients were included in this study, of whom, 46 were NFPAs. The decrease in the NFPAs tumor size after surgery was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.0001). The Mean of the differences of both type of tumors in mm3 were -9552 ± 10287. Pre-surgery, the mean of the HSPAs were 8.923 ± 2.078; and the NFPAs were 14.161 ± 1.912. The differences in the tumor size were statistically significant (p = 0.039). Post-surgical, the mean of the HSPAs were 2.079 ± 971, with a (p = 0.14): and the NFPAs were 4.609 ± 1.205. After surgery of the NFPAs, most of the patients-maintained serum levels ≤ 100 mg/dL, with a statistical significance (P ≤ 0.0003). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates for the first time the correlation between the presence of pre-and post- surgical changes in the NFPAs, with modifications in the levels of serum glucose, and the comparison, pre- and post-surgical between the tumor size of HSPAs and NFPAs.

Body mass index and gestational weight gain: relevance in gestational diabetes and outcomes - A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on blood glucose levels at diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and obstetric/neonatal outcomes. Methods: Retrospective cohort study including 462 women with GDM and singleton pregnancy delivered in our institution between January 2015 and June 2018 and grouped according to BMI/GWG. Results: The diagnosis of GDM was more likely to be established in the 1st trimester (T) in women with obesity than in normal-weight (55.8% vs 53.7%, p = 0.008). BMI positively and significantly correlated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels in the 1stT (rs = 0.213, p = 0.001) and 2ndT (rs = 0.210, p = 0.001). Excessive GWG occurred in 44.9% women with overweight and in 40.2% with obesity (p < 0.001). From women with obesity, 65.1% required pharmacological treatment (p < 0.001). Gestational hypertension (GH) was more frequent in women with obesity (p = 0.016). During follow-up, 132 cesareans were performed, the majority in mothers with obesity (p = 0.008). Of the 17 large-for-gestational-age (LGA) birthweight delivered, respectively 6 and 9 were offsprings of women with overweight and obesity (p = 0.019). Maternal BMI had a predictive value only for macrosomia [aOR 1.177 (1.006-1.376), p = 0.041]. BMI and GWG positively correlated with birthweight (rs = 0.132, p = 0.005; rs = 0.188, p = 0.005). Conclusion: Maternal obesity is related with a major probability of diagnosis of GDM in 1stT, fasting hyperglycemia in 2ndT and a more frequent need for pharmacological therapy. Pre-gestational obesity is associated with GH, cesarean delivery and fetal macrosomia.

Body mass index and gestational weight gain: relevance in gestational diabetes and outcomes - A retrospective cohort study

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the influence of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on blood glucose levels at diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and obstetric/neonatal outcomes. Subjects and methods: Retrospective cohort study including 462 women with GDM and singleton pregnancy delivered in our institution between January 2015 and June 2018 and grouped according to BMI/GWG. Results: The diagnosis of GDM was more likely to be established in the 1st trimester (T) in women with obesity than in normal-weight (55.8% vs 53.7%, p = 0.008). BMI positively and significantly correlated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels in the 1stT (rs = 0.213, p = 0.001) and 2ndT (rs = 0.210, p = 0.001). Excessive GWG occurred in 44.9% women with overweight and in 40.2% with obesity (p < 0.001). From women with obesity, 65.1% required pharmacological treatment (p < 0.001). Gestational hypertension (GH) was more frequent in women with obesity (p = 0.016). During follow-up, 132 cesareans were performed, the majority in mothers with obesity (p = 0.008). Of the 17 large-for-gestational-age (LGA) birthweight delivered, respectively 6 and 9 were offsprings of women with overweight and obesity (p = 0.019). Maternal BMI had a predictive value only for macrosomia [aOR 1.177 (1.006-1.376), p = 0.041]. BMI and GWG positively correlated with birthweight (rs = 0.132, p = 0.005; rs = 0.188, p = 0.005). Conclusion: Maternal obesity is related with a major probability of diagnosis of GDM in 1stT, fasting hyperglycemia in 2ndT and a more frequent need for pharmacological therapy. Pre-gestational obesity is associated with GH, cesarean delivery and fetal macrosomia.

Effect of lifestyle intervention holistic approach on blood glucose levels, health-related quality of life and medical treatment cost in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a costly, lifestyle-related disorder, its management is very critical and challenging hence lifestyle intervention may a cornerstone in the reversal and management of T2DM. This study designed to assess the impact of lifestyle intervention holistic (LIH) Model on blood glucose levels (BGL), Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), and medical treatment cost in T2DM patients. This prospective, quasi-experimental study was conducted among 224 T2DM patients in Delhi Diabetes Research Center (DDRC), New Delhi. The study participants were allocated into two groups-Lifestyle Intervention Counseling (LIC) group received lifestyle-based counseling through the LIH model while the Usual-care group received only standard treatment. Study outcomes were assessed at baseline, 3rd, 6th, and 12th month and data were analyzed through SPSS. Study results revealed that LIC participants had decreased in fasting blood glucose 0.26 mg dL-1(-4.37 to 4.89), blood glucose postprandial -70.16 mg dL-1(-85.15 to -55.16), HbA1C -2.82% (-5.26 to -0.37), medicine cost (p < 0.004), hospitalization cost (p < 0.011), and cost of surgery (p < 0.0005). A significant improvement also observed in HRQOL and adherence towards a holistic model in LIC group. The study concludes that lifestyle-based counseling and its adherence was cost-effective and significantly improves BGL, HRQoL, and medical treatment in T2DM patients.

Evaluation of the impact of orally administered carbohydrates on postprandial blood glucose levels in different pre-clinical models

ABSTRACT We developed a pre-clinical model in which to evaluate the impact of orally administered carbohydrates on postprandial blood glucose levels. For this purpose, we compared the effects of different carbohydrates with well-established glycemic indexes. We orally administered (gavage) increasing amounts (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 g/kg) of sucrose and lactose to rats which had been fasted for 6 h or 15 h, respectively. In part of the experiments we administered frutose (gavagem). Three different models were compared for measuring postprandial blood glucose levels: a) evaluation of interstitial glucose concentrations by using a real time continuous glucose monitoring system; b) evaluation of glucose levels in blood obtained from the rat tail; c) evaluation of serum glucose levels in blood collected after decapitation. Our results showed that blood obtained from the tails of 15-h fasted rats was the best model in which to evaluate the effect of carbohydrates on postprandial blood glucose levels.

Uso do glicosímetro portátil para a mensuração da glicemia em potros neonatos da raça Mangalarga Marchador / Use of portable glucometer for glycemia measurement in Mangalarga Marchador neonatal foals

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a utilização do glicosímetro portátil para a mensuração da glicemia em potros neonatos considerando como controle os resultados mensurados por meio de teste laboratorial (TL) determinando-se assim se os valores de glicemia obtidos pelo glicosímetro portátil (GP) que estão de acordo com a Food and Drug Administration. Utilizou-se potros neonatos de ambos os sexos, hígidos, com até 30 dias de idade. Foram colhidas amostras sanguíneas para a mensuração no GP e TL, nos momentos: A: 0 à 12 horas; B: 24 à 36 horas; C: 72 horas; D: 7 dias; E: 15 dias e F: 30 dias de vida. As variações dos níveis glicêmicos obtidas no TL foram comparadas pela análise de variância ANOVA a nível de 5% de significância. Para comparação dos resultados do GP e TL entre os momentos A, B, C, D e F utilizou-se o teste t, e para o momento E, o teste de Mann-Whitney ambos com nível de 5% de significância. A variação percentual entre os resultados com TL e GP foi obtida pela diferença entre a média obtida pelo TL e a média obtida pelo GP. Não houve diferença dos níveis glicêmicos obtidos pelo TL entre os momentos. A média glicêmica para o período neonatal foi 152,11 mg/dL. Não houve diferença entre os resultados obtidos por meio do GP e TL. As mensurações obtidas com o GP variaram entre 99 e 183 mg/dL e as taxas de erro entre 2,68 a 11,55%. Não houve alterações significativas nas concentrações glicêmicas durante o período neonatal. O GP demonstrou precisão similar ao TL na determinação dos níveis glicêmicos. A taxa de erro do GP permaneceu dentro do limite exigido pela FDA, assegurando a sua utilização para a monitoração da glicemia em potros neonatais

This study aimed to evaluate the use of portable blood glucose meter to measure glucose levels in neonatal foals considering how to control the results measured by laboratory test (TL) determining thereby the blood glucose values obtained by the portable blood glucose meter (GP) are in According to the Food and Drug Administration. It was used in neonatal foals of both sexes, healthy, up to 30 days of age. Blood samples were collected to measure the GP and TL in times: A: 0 to 12 hours; B: 24 to 36 hours; C: 72 hours; D: 7 days; E: and F 15 days 30 days of life. Changes in blood glucose levels obtained at TL were compared by ANOVA at 5%level of significance. For comparison of the results of the GP and TL between times A, B, C, D and F used the test, and the time and the Mann-Whitney test both with the 5% level of significance. The percentage variation between the results with WB and WG was obtained by the difference between the mean obtained by TL and the mean obtained by the GP. There was no difference in glycemic levels obtained by the TL between times. The average blood glucose for the neonatal period was 152,11 mg / dL. There was no difference between the results obtained by the GP and TL. The measurements obtained with GP ranged between 99 and 183 mg / dL and error rates between the 2,68 an 11,55% . There were no significant changes in blood glucose concentrations during the neonatal period. The GP demonstrated similar accuracy when TL in the determination of blood glucose levels.The GP error rate remained within the limits required by the FDA, ensuring their use for monitoring glucose levels in neonatal foals

Análise da influência do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade nos marcadores lactato e glicose sanguíneos em ratos Wistar / Analysis of high intensity interval training influence markers in blood glucose and lactate in Wistar rats

Physical exercise has been shown to be an important means of prevention and treatment against many diseases. One factor is always highlighted the intensity of the activity. This study used an adapted protocol of high intensity interval training. Were evaluated biomarkers lactate and glucose. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee for the Use of Animals from the State University of Ceará registered under number 2542310/2015. The animals were previously adapted for 10 days with increasing speed up to 0.8km / h. The stress tests were done in steps of 3 minutes of intense activity for 2 minutes of rest. After determining the maximum capacity of the animal was made the training consisted of a 2 minute activity at 80% of maximum, followed by 4 minutes of rest. Before and after each exercise period, blood samples were collected for lactate tests, samples for glucose testing were collected just before the activity and after completion of all speed tests. They were obtained as results the increase of lactate and glucose levels in the post exercise. The lactate values and ranged from 0.5 mmol / L at rest and increased to an average of 1.7 mmol / L in 2.0 km / h. Blood glucose values were 120 mg / dL to about 170 mg / dl after training. Thereby indicating that the protocol used took the animals to a stress level higher than the rest, possibly due to intense physical activity.

Análise da influência do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade nos marcadores lactato e glicose sanguíneos em ratos Wistar / Analysis of high intensity interval training influence markers in blood glucose and lactate in Wistar rats

Physical exercise has been shown to be an important means of prevention and treatment against many diseases. One factor is always highlighted the intensity of the activity. This study used an adapted protocol of high intensity interval training. Were evaluated biomarkers lactate and glucose. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee for the Use of Animals from the State University of Ceará registered under number 2542310/2015. The animals were previously adapted for 10 days with increasing speed up to 0.8km \ h. The stress tests were done in steps of 3 minutes of intense activity for 2 minutes of rest. After determining the maximum capacity of the animal was made the training consisted of a 2 minute activity at 80% of maximum, followed by 4 minutes of rest. Before and after each exercise period, blood samples were collected for lactate tests, samples for glucose testing were collected just before the activity and after completion of all speed tests. They were obtained as results the increase of lactate and glucose levels in the post exercise. The lactate values and ranged from 0.5 mmol / L at rest and increased to an average of 1.7 mmol / L in 2.0 km / h. Blood glucose values were 120 mg / dL to about 170 mg / dl after training. Thereby indicating that the protocol used took the animals to a stress level higher than the rest, possibly due to intense physical activity.(AU)

Uso do glicosímetro portátil para a mensuração da glicemia em potros neonatos da raça Mangalarga Marchador / Use of portable glucometer for glycemia measurement in Mangalarga Marchador neonatal foals

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a utilização do glicosímetro portátil para a mensuração da glicemia em potros neonatos considerando como controle os resultados mensurados por meio de teste laboratorial (TL) determinando-se assim se os valores de glicemia obtidos pelo glicosímetro portátil (GP) que estão de acordo com a Food and Drug Administration. Utilizou-se potros neonatos de ambos os sexos, hígidos, com até 30 dias de idade. Foram colhidas amostras sanguíneas para a mensuração no GP e TL, nos momentos: A: 0 à 12 horas; B: 24 à 36 horas; C: 72 horas; D: 7 dias; E: 15 dias e F: 30 dias de vida. As variações dos níveis glicêmicos obtidas no TL foram comparadas pela análise de variância ANOVA a nível de 5% de significância. Para comparação dos resultados do GP e TL entre os momentos A, B, C, D e F utilizou-se o teste t, e para o momento E, o teste de Mann-Whitney ambos com nível de 5% de significância. A variação percentual entre os resultados com TL e GP foi obtida pela diferença entre a média obtida pelo TL e a média obtida pelo GP. Não houve diferença dos níveis glicêmicos obtidos pelo TL entre os momentos. A média glicêmica para o período neonatal foi 152,11 mg/dL. Não houve diferença entre os resultados obtidos por meio do GP e TL. As mensurações obtidas com o GP variaram entre 99 e 183 mg/dL e as taxas de erro entre 2,68 a 11,55%. Não houve alterações significativas nas concentrações glicêmicas durante o período neonatal. O GP demonstrou precisão similar ao TL na determinação dos níveis glicêmicos. A taxa de erro do GP permaneceu dentro do limite exigido pela FDA, assegurando a sua utilização para a monitoração da glicemia em potros neonatais(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the use of portable blood glucose meter to measure glucose levels in neonatal foals considering how to control the results measured by laboratory test (TL) determining thereby the blood glucose values obtained by the portable blood glucose meter (GP) are in According to the Food and Drug Administration. It was used in neonatal foals of both sexes, healthy, up to 30 days of age. Blood samples were collected to measure the GP and TL in times: A: 0 to 12 hours; B: 24 to 36 hours; C: 72 hours; D: 7 days; E: and F 15 days 30 days of life. Changes in blood glucose levels obtained at TL were compared by ANOVA at 5%level of significance. For comparison of the results of the GP and TL between times A, B, C, D and F used the test, and the time and the Mann-Whitney test both with the 5% level of significance. The percentage variation between the results with WB and WG was obtained by the difference between the mean obtained by TL and the mean obtained by the GP. There was no difference in glycemic levels obtained by the TL between times. The average blood glucose for the neonatal period was 152,11 mg / dL. There was no difference between the results obtained by the GP and TL. The measurements obtained with GP ranged between 99 and 183 mg / dL and error rates between the 2,68 an 11,55% . There were no significant changes in blood glucose concentrations during the neonatal period. The GP demonstrated similar accuracy when TL in the determination of blood glucose levels.The GP error rate remained within the limits required by the FDA, ensuring their use for monitoring glucose levels in neonatal foals(AU)