Treatment patterns and factors associated with adherence in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: Improving understanding of actual pulmonary hypertension (PH) treatment adherence patterns is crucial to properly treating these patients. We aimed to primarily assess adherence to treatments used for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) specific therapies, identify potential factors related to it and secondly describe its treatment patterns. METHODS: A 6-month observational cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital was conducted. Patients with PH-targeted therapy who picked it up in the ambulatory hospital pharmacy and who had been on treatment with the same drug for at least 1 year were included. Adherence was assessed as: 1) Proportion of days covered (PDC); and 2) Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ). PDC ≥80% was considered adherent. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the study outcomes. Logistic regressions were estimated to identify the association between baseline characteristics and factors associated with adherence. P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS: A total of 63 patients with 127 different treatments were included, 71.4% were females with a mean age (SD) of 59 (15) years. PAH was the most common diagnosis (74.6%). Double therapy was used in 39.7% of patients, being the combination of Macitentan + Tadalafil and Ambrisentan + Tadalafil the most prescribed. Endothelin receptor antagonists were the most used treatment (40.2%). Adherence according to PDC was 93.7%, showing no great differences depending on the targeted drug used, and according to SMAQ 61.9%. The agreement degree of both methods was slight (65.1%; Kappa 0.12). Only female sex (OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.06-0.90; p = 0.035) was associated with worse adherence in the SMAQ method but not in the PDC. Adverse events were reported by a 55.6% of participants and the perception of effective treatment was high (95.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to PH therapy differs depending on the assessment method; PDC showed greater adherence rate than SMAQ. According to SMAQ, female sex may have a negative impact on adherence in this cohort, but PDC revealed no factors influencing it. No notable differences in adherence between treatment types were found and generally patients felt the treatments were effective in controlling their disease.

ChatGPT es un estudiante por encima de la media en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Zaragoza y un colaborador excelente en la elaboración de material docente / ChatGPT is an above-average student at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Zaragoza and an excellent collaborator in the development of teaching materials

Introducción y objetivo: La inteligencia artificial se halla plenamente presente en nuestras vidas. En educación las posibilidades de su uso son infinitas, tanto para alumnos como para docentes. Material y métodos: Se ha explorado la capacidad de ChatGPT a la hora de resolver preguntas tipo test a partir del examen de la asignatura Procedimientos Diagnósticos y Terapéuticos Anatomopatológicos de la primera convocatoria del curso 2022-2023. Además de comparar su resultado con el del resto de alumnos presentados, se han evaluado las posibles causas de las respuestas incorrectas. Finalmente, se ha evaluado su capacidad para realizar preguntas de test nuevas a partir de instrucciones específicas. Resultados: ChatGPT ha acertado 47 de las 68 preguntas planteadas, obteniendo una nota superior a la de la media y mediana del curso. La mayor parte de preguntas falladas presentan enunciados negativos, utilizando las palabras «no», «falsa» o «incorrecta» en su enunciado. Tras interactuar con él, el programa es capaz de darse cuenta de su error y cambiar su respuesta inicial por la correcta. Finalmente, ChatGPT sabe elaborar nuevas preguntas a partir de un supuesto teórico o bien de una simulación clínica determinada. Conclusiones: Como docentes estamos obligados a explorar las utilidades de la inteligencia artificial, e intentar usarla en nuestro beneficio. La realización de tareas que suponen un consumo de tipo importante, como puede ser la elaboración de preguntas tipo test para evaluación de contenidos, es un buen ejemplo. (AU)

Introduction and objective: Artificial intelligence is fully present in our lives. In education, the possibilities of its use are endless, both for students and teachers. Material and methods: The capacity of ChatGPT has been explored when solving multiple choice questions based on the exam of the subject «Anatomopathological Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures» of the first call of the 2022-23 academic year. In addition, to comparing their results with those of the rest of the students presented the probable causes of incorrect answers have been evaluated. Finally, its ability to formulate new test questions based on specific instructions has been evaluated. Results: ChatGPT correctly answered 47 out of 68 questions, achieving a grade higher than the course average and median. Most failed questions present negative statements, using the words «no», «false» or «incorrect» in their statement. After interacting with it, the program can realize its mistake and change its initial response to the correct answer. Finally, ChatGPT can develop new questions based on a theoretical assumption or a specific clinical simulation. Conclusions: As teachers we are obliged to explore the uses of artificial intelligence and try to use it to our benefit. Carrying out tasks that involve significant consumption, such as preparing multiple-choice questions for content evaluation, is a good example. (AU)

End-of-degree projects in radiology in Spanish universities.

The End-of-Degree Project (TFG) is a supervised research project that medical students must carry out before graduating. This study aims to make radiology teaching staff aware of the importance of getting involved in tutoring radiology TFGs. We provide recommendations to help encourage students choose our area and carry it out. We describe the TFG regulations for the subject of medicine as well as data on TFGs carried out both in medicine in general, and more specifically in radiology between 2018 and 2022. The total number of radiology TFGs was 181, accounting for 3.3% of the 5349 TFGs carried out in medicine. There was a discrepancy between the results found on the websites, those expected according to the number of graduates and those provided by the teachers contacted. We would consider reasonable a percentage of TFGs in radiology proportional to the number of credits of this subject during the degree course and the number of lecturers in this subject.

Valor pronóstico de la perfusión cerebral por RM en el estudio inicial de los gliomas de alto grado / Prognostic value of brain perfusion by MRI in the initial study of high grade gliomas

Objetivos: Valorar si la perfusión tumoral en el estudio diagnóstico inicial de RM es un marcador pronóstico para la supervivencia en pacientes diagnosticados de gliomas de alto grado. Analizar los factores de riesgo que influyen en la mortalidad por gliomas de alto grado para poder cuantificar la supervivencia global esperada del paciente. Pacientes y métodos: Se seleccionaron las RM de todos los pacientes diagnosticados de glioma de alto grado en un hospital de tercer nivel entre los años 2017 y 2019. Se recogieron variables clínicas y tumorales. Se usó el análisis de supervivencia para determinar la asociación entre la perfusión tumoral y el tiempo de supervivencia. Se estudió la relación entre las variables recogidas y la supervivencia mediante el estadístico de Wald, cuantificando esta relación mediante la regresión de Cox. Por último, se analizó el tipo de relación existente entre la perfusión tumoral y la supervivencia a través del estudio de regresión lineal. Estos análisis estadísticos se realizaron con el software SPSS v.17. Resultados: Se incluyeron 38 pacientes (media de edad 61,1años). La supervivencia media global fue de 20,6meses. Se observó asociación entre la perfusión tumoral en la RM diagnóstica y la supervivencia global, mostrando el grupo con valores intratumorales de volumen sanguíneo cerebral relativo (rVSC) >3,0 una disminución significativa en el tiempo medio de supervivencia respecto al grupo con valores <3,0 (14,6meses vs 22,8meses, p=0,046). También han demostrado influir significativamente en la supervivencia media variables como la escala de Karfnosky y el tiempo de recidiva desde la intervención. Conclusiones: Se ha evidenciado que la perfusión tumoral por RM tiene valor pronóstico en el estudio inicial de los gliomas de alto grado.(AU)

Objectives: To evaluate if the tumour perfusion at the initial MRI scan is a marker of prognosis for survival in patients diagnosed with high grade gliomas (HGG). To analyse the risk factors which influence on the mortality from HGG to quantify the overall survival to be expected in patients. Patients and methods: The patients diagnosed with HGG through a MRI scan in a third-level hospital between 2017 and 2019 were selected. Clinical and tumour variables were collected. The survival analysis was used to determine the association between the tumour perfusion and the survival time. The relation between the collected variables and the survival period was assessed through Wald's statistical method, measuring the relationship via Cox's regression model. Finally, the type of relationship that exists between the tumour perfusion and the survival was analysed through the lineal regression method.Those statistical analysis were carried out using the software SPSS v.17. Results: Thirty-eight patients were included (average age: 61.1years old). The general average survival period was 20.6months. A relationship between the tumour perfusion at the MRI scan and the overall survival has been identified, in detail, a group with intratumor values of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) >3.0 has shown a significant decline in the average survival period with regard to the average survival period of the group with values <3.0 (14.6months vs. 22.8months, P=.046). It has also been proved that variables like Karnofsky's scale and the response time since the intervention significantly influence on the survival period. Conclusions: It has become evident that the tumour perfusion via MRI scan has a prognostic value in the initial analysis of HGG. The average survival period of patients with rCBV less than or equal to 3.0 is significantly higher than those patients whose values are higher, which allows to be more precise with the prognosis of each patient.(AU)

La enseñanza de la radiología en los programas docentes integrados / Teaching Radiology in integrated educational programs

La radiología es una disciplina médica, un área de conocimiento transversal integrada en cualquier situación clínica. El aprendizaje óptimo del conocimiento, habilidades y aptitudes en radiología en el Grado en Medicina requiere la integración de cualquier modalidad de imagen en las distintas áreas del conocimiento: desde las asignaturas básicas hasta cualquier asignatura clínica del grado. El presente artículo describe la integración de la docencia en radiología del plan de estudios en todo el grado de medicina de la Universidad de Girona (UdG), describiendo las distintas actividades docentes de radiología que se imparten en las distintas asignaturas; desde primero a sexto curso. Se detallan las actividades específicas de la asignatura de «radiología», incluyendo talleres, seminarios, prácticas, juego de ordenador interactivo, y describiendo las características de la actividad metodológica docente principal de la UdG, el aprendizaje basado en problemas.(AU)

Radiology is a medical discipline, an area of transversal knowledge integrated into any clinical situation. The optimal training of learning knowledge, skills and aptitudes in Radiology in the Degree in Medicine requires the integration of any imaging modality in the different areas of knowledge; from the basic subjects to any clinical subject of the Degree. This article describes the integration of Radiology teaching into the curriculum throughout the Medicine Degree at the University of Girona (UdG), describing the different radiology teaching activities that are taught. The specific activities of the subject «Radiology» are detailed; through workshops, seminars, practices, interactive computer game; and describing the characteristics of the main teaching methodological activity of the UdG, Problem-Based Learning.(AU)

Prognostic value of brain perfusion by MRI in the initial study of high grade gliomas.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate if the tumour perfusion at the initial MRI scan is a marker of prognosis for survival in patients diagnosed with High Grade Gliomas (HGG). To analyse the risk factors which influence on the mortality from HGG to quantify the overall survival to be expected in patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The patients diagnosed with HGG through a MRI scan in a third-level hospital between 2017 and 2019 were selected. Clinical and tumour variables were collected. The survival analysis was used to determine the association between the tumour perfusion and the survival time. The relation between the collected variables and the survival period was assessed through Wald's statistical method, measuring the relationship via Cox's regression model. Finally, the type of relationship that exists between the tumour perfusion and the survival was analysed through the Lineal Regression method.Those statistical analysis were carried out using the software SPSS v.17. RESULTS: 38 patients were included (average age: 61.1 years old). The general average survival period was 20.6 months. A relationship between the tumour perfusion at the MRI scan and the overall survival has been identified, in detail, a group with intratumor values of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV)>3.0 has shown a significant decline in the average survival period with regard to the average survival period of the group with values <3.0 (14.6 months vs. 22.8 months, p = 0.046). It has also been proved that variables like Karnofsky's scale and the response time since the intervention significantly influence on the survival period. CONCLUSIONS: It has become evident that the tumour perfusion via MRI scan has a prognostic value in the initial analysis of HGG. The average survival period of patients with rCBV less than or equal to 3.0 is significantly higher than those patients whose values are higher, which allows to be more precise with the prognosis of each patient.

Teaching radiology in integrated educational programs.

Radiology is a medical discipline, an area of transversal knowledge integrated into any clinical situation. The optimal training of learning knowledge, skills and aptitudes in Radiology in the Degree in Medicine requires the integration of any imaging modality in the different areas of knowledge; from the basic subjects to any clinical subject of the Degree. This article describes the integration of Radiology teaching into the curriculum throughout the Medicine Degree at the University of Girona (UdG), describing the different radiology teaching activities that are taught. The specific activities of the subject "Radiology" are detailed; through workshops, seminars, practices, interactive computer game; and describing the characteristics of the main teaching methodological activity of the UdG, Problem-Based Learning.

[ChatGPT is an above-average student at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Zaragoza and an excellent collaborator in the development of teaching materials]. / ChatGPT es un estudiante por encima de la media en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Zaragoza y un colaborador excelente en la elaboración de material docente.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Artificial intelligence is fully present in our lives. In education, the possibilities of its use are endless, both for students and teachers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The capacity of ChatGPT has been explored when solving multiple choice questions based on the exam of the subject «Anatomopathological Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures¼ of the first call of the 2022-23 academic year. In addition, to comparing their results with those of the rest of the students presented the probable causes of incorrect answers have been evaluated. Finally, its ability to formulate new test questions based on specific instructions has been evaluated. RESULTS: ChatGPT correctly answered 47 out of 68 questions, achieving a grade higher than the course average and median. Most failed questions present negative statements, using the words «no¼, «false¼ or «incorrect¼ in their statement. After interacting with it, the program can realize its mistake and change its initial response to the correct answer. Finally, ChatGPT can develop new questions based on a theoretical assumption or a specific clinical simulation. CONCLUSIONS: As teachers we are obliged to explore the uses of artificial intelligence and try to use it to our benefit. Carrying out tasks that involve significant consumption, such as preparing multiple-choice questions for content evaluation, is a good example.

El papel del antígeno prostático específico (PSA) y el estadio patológico antes de la radioterapia en la predicción de los resultados de la resonancia magnética multiparamétrica (RMmp) en pacientes con recidiva del cancer de próstata tras prostatectomía radical / Role of PSA levels and pathological stadiation before radiation therapy in predicting mp-MRI results in patients with prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy

Objetivo Evaluar el valor del antígeno prostático específico (PSA) en la predicción de los resultados de la resonancia magnética multiparamétrica (RMmp) en pacientes con cáncer de próstata (CaP) de alto (puntuación de Gleason≥8, pT≥3, pN1) y bajo grado (puntuación de Gleason<8, pT<3, pN0). Materiales y métodos Ciento ochenta y ocho pacientes se sometieron a una RMmp de 1,5-T después de la prostatectomía radical y antes de la radioterapia. Los pacientes se dividieron en 2 grupos: el grupo A incluía pacientes con recidiva bioquímica (RB) y el grupo B pacientes sin RB pero con alto riesgo de recidiva local. Teniendo en cuenta la puntuación de Gleason, pT y pN como variables de agrupación independientes, se realizaron análisis ROC de los niveles de PSA en el momento del diagnóstico del CaP primario y antes de la radioterapia con el fin de identificar el punto de corte óptimo para predecir el resultado de la RMmp. Resultados En los grupos A y B, el área bajo la curva del PSA antes de la radioterapia fue superior a la del PSA en el momento del diagnóstico del CaP, en tumores de bajo y alto grado. Para los tumores de bajo grado, la mejor área bajo la curva fue de 0,646 y 0,685 en el grupo A y B, respectivamente; para los tumores de alto grado, la mejor área bajo la curva fue de 0,705 y 1 en el grupo A y B, respectivamente. Para los tumores de bajo grado, el punto de corte óptimo del PSA fue de 0,565-0,58ng/ml en el grupo A (sensibilidad y especificidad: 70,5% y 66%), y de 0,11-0,13ng/ml en el B (sensibilidad y especificidad: 62,5% y 84,6%). Para los tumores de alto grado, el punto de corte de PSA óptimo fue de 0,265-0,305ng/ml en el grupo A (sensibilidad y especificidad: 95% y 42,1%), y de 0,13-0,15ng/ml en el grupo B (sensibilidad y especificidad: 100%). Conclusión La RMmp se debe realizar como herramienta diagnóstica complementaria siempre que se detecte una RB, especialmente en el CaP de alto grado... (AU)

Objective To evaluate prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value in multiparametric magnetic resonance imagin (mp-MRI) results prediction, analyzing patients with high (Gleason Score ≥8, pT≥3, pN1) and low grade (Gleason Score <8, pT<3, pN0) prostate cancer (PCa). Materials and methods One hundred eighty-eight patients underwent 1.5-T mp-MRI after radical prostatectomy and before radiotherapy. They were divided into 2 groups: A and B, for patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) and without BCR but with high local recurrence risk. Considering Gleason Score, pT and pN as independent grouping variables, ROC analyses of PSA levels at primary PCa diagnosis and PSA before radiotherapy were performed in order to identify the optimal cut-off to predict mp-MRI result. Results Group A and B showed higher area under the curve for PSA before radiotherapy than PSA at PCa diagnosis, in low and high grade tumors. For low grade tumors the best area under the curve was 0.646 and 0.685 in group A and B; for high grade the best area under the curve was 0.705 and 1 in group A and B, respectively. For low grade tumors the best PSA cut-off was 0.565-0.58ng/ml in group A (sensitivity, specificity: 70.5%, 66%), and 0.11-0.13ng/ml in B (sensitivity, specificity: 62.5%, 84.6%). For high grade tumors, the best PSA cut-off obtained was 0.265-0.305ng/ml in group A (sensitivity, specificity: 95%, 42.1%), and 0.13-0.15ng/ml in B (sensitivity, specificity: 100%). Conclusion Mp-MRI should be performed as added diagnostic tool always when a BCR is detected, especially in high grade PCa. In patients without BCR, mp-MRI results, although poorly related to pathological stadiation, still have a good diagnostic performance, mostly when PSA>0.1-0.15ng/ml. (AU)

Conservative management of high-grade renal trauma.

INTRODUCTION: Renal trauma is the most common of urological trauma and accounts for up to 5% of all. The AAST scale is the most widely used to assess renal trauma. This study focuses on high-grade trauma, whose treatment has evolved towards a conservative approach, with techniques such as angioembolization. The aim is to describe the evolution in the management of high-grade renal trauma in all patients treated at La Paz University Hospital from 2001 to 2022. METHODS: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted on patients treated at the hospital. The study was divided into two periods (2001-2010 and 2011-2022). A total of 285 patients with renal trauma were collected, of which 54 were high grade. The main variable is the type of management, conservative (embolization) or interventional through nephrectomy. RESULTS: In the completed series, there was a decrease in radical nephrectomy in high-grade renal trauma from 50% to 13.8% over time, with an increase in embolization from 23,1% to 44,8%. In patients with isolated renal trauma, those treated with embolization increased from 28.6% to 69.2%, while those undergoing radical/partial nephrectomy decreased from 42.8% to 7.69%. CONCLUSION: The management of renal trauma has evolved over the years in our center. The number of patients treated by embolization has increased, while the number of complications and nephrectomies has decreased.

Undergraduate radiodiagnostic professors.

The international literature on university teaching, has insisted on the need to combine a double component in the professional profile of teachers: content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge. Regarding the content, the area of knowledge of radiology and physical medicine is made up of different medical specialties, among which are radiodiagnosis, nuclear medicine, radiation oncology, physical medicine and rehabilitation. On the other hand, the pedagogical content knowledge is framed by framework that the Bologna Declaration (1999). Focusing on radiodiagnosis, the ideal candidates must be professionals in this medical specialty, vocational teachers and people who find in the undergraduate teaching process an opportunity to transmit their knowledge, experiences and values in an entertaining and understandable way for students who are incorporated into medical knowledge.

Los profesores de radiodiagnóstico en pregrado / Undergraduate Radiodiagnostic professors

La literatura internacional plantea un doble componente en el perfil profesional del profesor universitario: el conocimiento del contenido (content knowledge) y el conocimiento didáctico del contenido (pedagogical content knowledge). En cuanto al contenido, el área de conocimiento de radiología y medicina física está compuesta por diferentes especialidades médicas entre las que se encuentran radiodiagnóstico, medicina nuclear, oncología radioterápica, medicina física y rehabilitación. Por su parte, el conocimiento didáctico del contenido está enmarcado por todo lo que ha significado la Declaración de Bolonia (1999). Centrándonos en el radiodiagnóstico, los candidatos idóneos deben ser profesionales de esta especialidad médica, vocacionales y que hallen en el proceso docente de pregrado una oportunidad de transmitir sus conocimientos, experiencias y valores de una forma amena y comprensible para alumnos que se incorporan al conocimiento médico.(AU)

The international literature on university teaching, has insisted on the need to combine a double component in the professional profile of teachers: content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge. Regarding the content, the area of knowledge of Radiology and Physical Medicine is made up of different medical specialties, among which are Radiodiagnosis, Nuclear Medicine, Radiation Oncology, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. On the other hand, the pedagogical content knowledge is framed by framework that the Bologna Declaration (1999). Focusing on Radiodiagnosis, the ideal candidates must be professionals in this medical specialty, vocational teachers and people who find in the undergraduate teaching process an opportunity to transmit their knowledge, experiences and values in an entertaining and understandable way for students who are incorporated into medical knowledge.(AU)

Tumor maligno de la vaina nerviosa periférica: reporte de un caso / Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, a case report

Resumen El tumor maligno de la vaina nerviosa periférica (TMVNP) es un sarcoma de alto grado de malignidad. Es poco frecuente, agresivo y generalmente se localiza en tronco y miembros inferiores. Se presenta mayormente en pacientes con neurofibormatosis tipo 1, aunque no siempre se encuentra esta asociación. Este tumorcomparte características histológicas e inmunohistoquímicas con el melanoma, lo que puede dificultar el diagnóstico. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con TMVNP, en el cual los hallazgos histológicos iniciales condujeron a un diagnósticoerróneode melanoma.

Abstract Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a high-grade sarcoma. It is rare, aggressive and generally located on the trunk and lower limbs. It occurs in a high percentage of patients with neurofibormatosis type 1, although this association is not always found. This tumor shares histological and immunohistochemical characteristics with melanoma, which can make diagnosis difficult. We present the case of a patient with MPNST, in whom the initial histological findings led to an erroneous diagnosis of melanoma.

Estigma público en niños hacia personas con enfermedad mental / Public Stigma in Children Towards People With Mental Illness

Se analizó cómo la familiaridad que los adultos tenían con la enfermedad mental y la valoración más o menos positiva de sus experiencias al respecto influían en el estigma de los menores a su cargo. El estigma fue medido en términos de negación de ayuda por parte de los niños hacia un igual con enfermedad mental. La muestra fue de 56 niños de sexto de primaria y un tutor legal de cada uno. Se empleó el Attribution Questionnaire–8 for Children, la escala Level Of Familiarity y una escala de Likert para la valoración. Se halló una correlación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre la familiaridad de los adultos y el estigma de los menores. A mayor familiaridad, menor estigma. Se debatió si las actitudes estigmatizantes medidas lo serían realmente o no en la infancia, siendo recomendable seguir profundizando al respecto y validar el Attribution Questionnaire–8 for Children en España. (AU)

We analyzed how the familiarity that adults had with mental illness and the more or less positive appraisal of their experiences in this regard influenced the stigma of their children. Stigma was measured in terms of children’s absence of pity or compassion, denial of help, and discrimination or segregation toward a peer with mental illness. The sample consisted of 56 sixth grade children and a responsible adult for each of them. The Attribution Questionnaire-8 for Children, the Level Of Familiarity Scale and a Likert scale were used for assessment. A positive and statistically significant correlation was found between adult familiarity and child denial of help. The higher the familiarity, the lower the stigma. It was recommended that further research be carried out, that the Attribution Questionnaire-8 for Childrenbe validated in Spain and to carry out interventions to prevent stigma in schools. (AU)

Estigma público en niños hacia personas con enfermedad mental / Public Stigma in Children Towards People With Mental Illness

Se analizó cómo la familiaridad que los adultos tenían con la enfermedad mental y la valoración más o menos positiva de sus experiencias al respecto influían en el estigma de los menores a su cargo. El estigma fue medido en términos de negación de ayuda por parte de los niños hacia un igual con enfermedad mental. La muestra fue de 56 niños de sexto de primaria y un tutor legal de cada uno. Se empleó el Attribution Questionnaire–8 for Children, la escala Level Of Familiarity y una escala de Likert para la valoración. Se halló una correlación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre la familiaridad de los adultos y el estigma de los menores. A mayor familiaridad, menor estigma. Se debatió si las actitudes estigmatizantes medidas lo serían realmente o no en la infancia, siendo recomendable seguir profundizando al respecto y validar el Attribution Questionnaire–8 for Children en España. (AU)

We analyzed how the familiarity that adults had with mental illness and the more or less positive appraisal of their experiences in this regard influenced the stigma of their children. Stigma was measured in terms of children’s absence of pity or compassion, denial of help, and discrimination or segregation toward a peer with mental illness. The sample consisted of 56 sixth grade children and a responsible adult for each of them. The Attribution Questionnaire-8 for Children, the Level Of Familiarity Scale and a Likert scale were used for assessment. A positive and statistically significant correlation was found between adult familiarity and child denial of help. The higher the familiarity, the lower the stigma. It was recommended that further research be carried out, that the Attribution Questionnaire-8 for Childrenbe validated in Spain and to carry out interventions to prevent stigma in schools. (AU)

Predicting histological grade in symptomatic meningioma by an objective estimation of the tumoral surface irregularity.

INTRODUCTION: Predicting the histopathologic grade of meningioma is relevant because local recurrence is significantly greater in WHO grade II-III compared to WHO grade I tumours, which would ideally benefit from a more aggressive surgical strategy. It has been suggested that higher WHO grade tumours are more irregularly-shaped. However, irregularity is a subjective and observer-dependent feature. In this study, the tumour surface irregularity of a large series of meningiomas, measured upon preoperative MRI, is quantified and correlated with the WHO grade. METHODS: Unicentric retrospective observational study of a cohort of symptomatic meningiomas surgically removed in the time period between January 2015 and December 2022. Using specific segmentation software, the Surface Factor (SF) was calculated for each meningioma. SF is an objective parameter that compares the surface of a sphere (minimum surface area for a given volume) with the same volume of the tumour against the actual surface of the tumour. This ratio varies from 0 to 1, being 1 the maximum sphericity. Since irregularly-shaped meningiomas present proportionally greater surface area, the SF tends to decrease as irregularity increases. SF was correlated with WHO grade and its predictive power was estimated with ROC curve analysis. RESULTS: A total of 176 patients (64.7% females) were included in the study; 120 WHO grade I (71.9%), 43 WHO grade II (25.7%) and 4 WHO grade III (2.4%). A statistically significant difference was found between the mean SF of WHO grade I and WHO grade II-III tumours (0.8651 ±â€¯0.049 versus 0.7081 ±â€¯0.105, p < 0.0001). Globally, the SF correctly classified more than 90% of cases (area under ROC curve 0.940) with 93.3% sensibility and 80.9% specificity. A cutoff value of 0.79 yielded the maximum precision, with positive and negative predictive powers of 82.6% and 92.6%, respectively. Multivariate analysis yielded SF as an independent prognostic factor of WHO grade. CONCLUSION: The Surface Factor is an objective and quantitative parameter that helps to identify aggressive meningiomas preoperatively. A cutoff value of 0.79 allowed differentiation between WHO grade I and WHO grade II-III with high precision.

Role of psa levels and pathological stadiation before radiation therapy in predicting mp-MRI results in patients with prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate PSA value in mp-MRI results prediction, analyzing patients with high (GS≥8, pT≥3, pN1) and low grade (GS<8, pT<3, pN0) Prostate Cancer (PCa). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred eighty-eight patients underwent 1.5-Tmp-MRI after Radical Prostatectomy (RP) and before Radiotherapy (RT). They were divided into 2 groups: A and B, for patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) and without BCR but with high local recurrence risk. Considering Gleason Score (GS), pT and pN as independent grouping variables, ROC analyses of PSA levels at primary PCa diagnosis and PSA before RT were performed in order to identify the optimal cut-off to predict mp-MRI result. RESULTS: Group A and B showed higher AUC for PSA before RT than PSA at PCa diagnosis, in low and high grade tumors. For low grade tumors the best AUC was 0.646 and 0.685 in group A and B; for high grade the best AUC was 0.705 and 1 in group A and B, respectively. For low grade tumors the best PSA cut-off was 0.565-0.58ng/mL in group A (sensitivity, specificity: 70.5%, 66%), and 0.11-0.13ng/mL in B (sensitivity, specificity: 62.5%, 84.6%). For high grade tumors, the best PSA cut-off obtained was 0.265-0.305ng/mL in group A (sensitivity, specificity: 95%, 42.1%), and 0.13-0.15ng/mL in B (sensitivity, specificity: 100%). CONCLUSION: Mp-MRI should be performed as added diagnostic tool always when a BCR is detected, especially in high grade PCa. In patients without BCR, mp-MRI results, although poorly related to pathological stadiation, still have a good diagnostic performance, mostly when PSA>0.1-0.15ng/mL.

Estresse e Enfrentamento das Dificuldades em Universitários da Área da Saúde / Stress and Coping with Difficulties in Health University Students / Estrés y Enfrentamiento de Dificultades por Universitarios del Sector Salud

Resumo: Este estudo pretende identificar a percepção de estudantes de uma mesma instituição de ensino superior da área da saúde sobre dificuldades acadêmicas e não acadêmicas, estratégias de coping e identificar a presença de estresse. Foi um estudo transversal utilizando abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa, desenvolvido por meio de questionário estruturado e inventários psicométricos validados ( COPE Breve; inventário de sintomas de estresse ISLL ). Adicionalmente, foram realizadas entrevistas para ampliar a compreensão dos resultados dos instrumentos quantitativos. Na etapa quantitativa, participaram 162 estudantes dos cursos de graduação em Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia, Medicina, Nutrição e Terapia Ocupacional. Destes, 60 participaram de entrevista qualitativa. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística univariada e análise multivariada por regressão logística. Os estudantes relataram encontrar grande número de dificuldades e utilizar variadas estratégias de coping . A análise estatística univariada demonstrou que não houve diferenças importantes entre cursos e etapas quanto ao número de dificuldades e estratégias utilizadas. A presença de estresse foi identificada em proporções entre 45% e 100% dos estudantes, conforme o curso e a etapa considerada, sem diferenças significativas entre eles. A análise multivariada identificou cinco variáveis independentes como determinantes de estresse: sexo feminino, renda familiar, número de dificuldades acadêmicas/não acadêmicas e número de estratégias de coping voltadas à "emoção" presentes. Esta análise também mostrou que o estresse patológico está relacionado a somente uma variável: o número de dificuldades não acadêmicas. Estes achados reforçam a necessidade de manter ações institucionais de assistência social e apoio psicológico, favorecendo assim um planejamento efetivo de medidas de promoção da saúde mental dos estudantes.

Abstract: This study aimed to find undergraduate students' perceptions about academic and non-academic difficulties and coping strategies and determining the occurrence of stress among them. This was a cross-sectional study using quantitative and qualitative approaches to evaluate students from different health professions in a single institution. Physical therapy, speech therapy, medicine, nutrition, and occupational therapy program students (N=162) answered a structured questionnaire and two validated psychometric inventories (COPE Brief scale and the ISS stress symptoms inventory). Additionally, 60 students underwent a semi-structured interview to better understand the results from the quantitative instruments. Quantitative data underwent univariate analysis to test differences between proportions and stepwise multiple regression analysis to identify the independent determinants of stress. Students reported a large number of academic and non-academic difficulties and a variety of coping strategies. Univariate statistical analysis showed no significant differences between courses and stages regarding the number of difficulties and coping strategies. A large proportion of students showed stress, ranging from 45% to 100%, depending on the course and stage, with no significant differences between them. Multivariate statistical analysis found five independent variables as stress determinants: female gender, low family income, number of academic and non-academic difficulties, and number of emotion-focused coping strategies. This analysis also showed that pathological stress is related to only one variable: the number of non-academic difficulties. These findings reinforce the importance of maintaining institutional actions for student social assistance and psychological support. Results also provide meaningful data for adequately planning more effective measures to promote students' mental health.

Resumen: Este estudio pretende identificar la percepción de los estudiantes del sector salud sobre las dificultades académicas y no académicas, las estrategias de coping y la presencia de estrés. Este estudio transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo, utilizó cuestionarios estructurados e inventarios psicométricos validados (escala Brief COPE; inventario de sintomatología de estrés ISE ); además de entrevistas para ampliar la comprensión de los resultados de los instrumentos cuantitativos. En la etapa cuantitativa participaron 162 estudiantes de los cursos de grado en Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiología, Medicina, Nutrición y Terapia Ocupacional. De estos, 60 participaron en la entrevista cualitativa. Los resultados se sometieron a análisis estadístico univaria nte, para distinguir los grupos y asociaciones entre variables, y a análisis multivariado por regresión logística para identificar variables independientes que determinan el estrés. Los estudiantes reportaron enfrentar muchas dificultades académicas y no académicas, y utilizaban diferentes estrategias de coping. El análisis estadístico univariante no obtuvo diferencias significativas entre cursos y etapas respecto al número de dificultades y estrategias utilizadas. Un 45% y 100% de los estudiantes experimentaron estrés según el curso y la etapa considerada, sin diferencias significativas entre ellos. Se encontraron cinco variables independientes como factores de estrés: sexo femenino, renta familiar, número de dificultades académicas/no académicas y número de estrategias de coping orientadas a la "emoción". El estrés patológico estuvo relacionado solo a la variable número de dificultades no académicas. Se necesita mantener acciones institucionales de asistencia social y apoyo psicológico para favorecer una planificación efectiva de medidas de promoción de salud mental de los estudiantes.

Effects of LED Lights on Bulk Fill Resin Polymerization

The present study analyzed the microhardness and degree of conversion of three Bulk Fill resins (M1 - Filtek Bulk Fill; M2 - Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill and M3 - Opus Bulk Fill) polymerized by single peak and polywave Light-emitting Diode Curing Lights. A total 90 test specimens (n=10) were obtained using a Teflon matrix for the purpose of testing microhardness; and for degree of conversion: 135 specimens (n=5) by using a 2 x 6 cm matrix. The specimens were light polymerized using 3 light sources (L1 - Optilight Max, L2 - Bluephase, L3 - VALO). They were kept in artificial saliva om an oven at 37±1°C during the experiment. The degree of conversion was measured by FTIR 24 h after obtaining each test specimen. The microhardness readouts were performed with a microdurometer at the time intervals of 48 hours (T0), 7 days (T1), 14 days (T2) and 21 days (T3). M1L3 was found to show the highest microhardness values in T2, and M1 showed the lowest degree of conversion in the deep third with L1. It was concluded that Filtek Bulk Fill resin showed the best results in comparison with the other resins.

El presente estudio analizó la microdureza y el grado de conversión de tres resinas Bulk Fill (M1 - Filtek Bulk Fill; M2 - Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill y M3 - Opus Bulk Fill) polimerizadas por lámparas de curado de diodo emisor de luz de pico único y polionda. Se obtuvieron un total de 90 especímenes de prueba (n=10) utilizando una matriz de teflón con el propósito de probar la microdureza; y para grado de conversión: 135 especímenes (n=5) utilizando una matriz de 2 x 6 cm. Las muestras se fotopolimerizaron utilizando 3 fuen- tes de luz (L1 - Optilight Max, L2 - Bluephase, L3 - VALO). Se mantuvieron en saliva artificial en estufa a 37 ±1°C durante el experimento. El grado de conversión se midió por FTIR 24 h después de obtener cada muestra de prueba. Las lecturas de microdureza se realizaron con un microdurómetro en los intervalos de tiempo de 48 horas (T0), 7 días (T1), 14 días (T2) y 21 días (T3). Se encontró que M1L3 mostraba los valores más altos de microdureza en T2, y M1 mostraba el grado más bajo de conversión en el tercio profundo con L1. Se concluyó que la resina Filtek Bulk Fill mostró los mejores resultados en comparación con las demás resinas.

The association Between Sleep Quality, Fatigue and Periodontal Status: a pilot study / La asociación entre la calidad del sueño, la fatiga y el estado periodontal: un estudio piloto

Abstract Reduced sleep duration, poor sleep quality and fatigue are related to reduced immunity and increased inflammatory markers. Due to its potential to influence inflammation, poor sleep quality and fatigue could be factors for periodontitis and quality of life. Ninety-three individuals with untreated periodontitis and thirty-one individuals with healthy gingiva were included in the study. The research involved a clinical examination and a questionnaire. Demographic information, information on oral health, oral hygiene habits, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Jenkins Sleep Scale, Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue Scale, and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 were included in the questionnaire. Patients were diagnosed based on the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. No statistically significant difference was revealed between sleep quality, fatigue, oral health related quality of life, and stage-grade of periodontitis (p<0.05). However, periodontitis group had higher Oral Health Impact Profile-14 scores (p<0.05). A statistically significantly lower sleep duration was observed in stage IV periodontitis group than the other groups (p<0.05). A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the scores of the other questionnaires (p<0.05). The stage of periodontitis may impact sleep duration.

Resumen La reducción de la duración del sueño, la mala calidad del sueño y la fatiga están relacionados con una inmunidad reducida y un aumento de los marcadores inflamatorios. Debido a su potencial para influir en la inflamación, la mala calidad del sueño y la fatiga podrían ser factores determinantes en el desarrollo de la periodontitis e incidir en la calidad de vida. Noventa y tres personas con periodontitis no tratada, además de treinta y una personas con encía sana se incluyeron en el estudio. La investigación involucró un examen clínico y un cuestionario. En el cuestionario se incluyeron información demográfica, información sobre salud bucal, hábitos de higiene bucal, el índice de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh, la escala de sueño de Jenkins, la escala de evaluación multidimensional de la fatiga y el perfil de impacto en la salud bucal-14. Los pacientes fueron diagnosticados en base al Taller Mundial 2017 sobre la Clasificación de Enfermedades y Condiciones Periodontales y Periimplantarias. No se revelaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la calidad del sueño, la fatiga, la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal y el grado de etapa de la periodontitis (p<0,05). Sin embargo, el grupo de periodontitis tuvo puntajes más altos en el Perfil de Impacto en la Salud Oral-14 (p<0.05). Se observó una duración del sueño significativamente menor desde el punto de vista estadístico en el grupo de periodontitis en estadio IV que en los otros grupos (p<0,05). Se observó una correlación positiva estadísticamente significativa entre el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh y las puntuaciones de los otros cuestionarios (p<0,05). La etapa de la periodontitis puede afectar la duración del sueño.