Control of Botrytis cinerea from Chilean grapevines by pydiflumetofen: baseline and carboxamide-mutant sensitivity.

The gray mold (Botrytis cinerea; Botrytis) is the main disease affecting grapevines production in Chile. Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors (SDHI) belonging to the carboxamides fungicide family are a key tool for the control of Botrytis in grapevines from Chilean Central Valley. This study aimed to determine the sensitivity of Chilean Botrytis population to the new generation carboxamide pydiflumetofen. Conidial germination (CG) and germ-tube elongation (GTE) sensitivity assays were conducted on 200 single-spore isolates collected during the 2016-2017 season. The mean effective concentration that inhibited 50% (EC50) of CG in the Botrytis population was 0.0545 µg/mL, with mean values of 0.066 µg/mL and 0.042 µg/mL, for table and wine grapes, respectively. The mean EC50 value of GTE was 0.000245 µg/mL, 0.0003 µg/mL, and 0.0019 µg/mL for the total, table grape, and wine grape populations, respectively. The comparison between pydiflumetofen and fludioxonil, a highly-efficient fungicide carrying a different mode of action, showed the 87.5% and 97.5% of Botrytis control with an EC50 threshold of 0.1 µg/mL, in table grape, and wine grape populations, respectively. No cross-resistance between pydiflumetofen and fludioxonil was detected. For nine isolates with reduced pydiflumetofen sensitivity, we evaluated SdhB mutations using a qPCR-HRM diagnostic system. Two isolates carried the sdhBP225/H272R genotype and two the sdhBP225/H272Y. Additional analysis of SdhB mutant isolates determined that pydiflumetofen controls wild-type as well as sdhBP225/H272R and sdhBP225H/H272 mutants. Pydiflumetofen does not control CG in the sdhBP225/H272Y mutant but is effective in the GTE control. Pydiflumetofen significantly controls Botrytis independently of the SdhB genotype in wounded berry assays. This condition resembles the berry cracking due to heavy rainfall right before harvest, as seen in recent years in the Chilean Central Valley. The findings demonstrate that pydiflumetofen effectively controls the grapevine Botrytis population, suggest a moderate risk of pydiflumetofen resistance, and highlight the significance of incorporating genetic data into the design of control programs.

Sucrose accumulation and endodormancy are synchronized events induced by the short-day photoperiod in grapevine buds.

At the end of the summer season, grapevine buds (Vitis vinifera L) grown in temperate climates enter a state of winter recess or endodormancy (ED), which is induced by the shortening of the photoperiod, and during this period, the buds accumulate sucrose. In this study, we investigated whether the shortening of the photoperiod regulates the accumulation of sucrose in the buds in the same way as it regulates its entry into the ED. Because sucrose accumulation is regulated by genes that control its transport and degradation, the effect of the SD photoperiod and the transition of buds from paradormancy (PD) to ED on the expression of sucrose transporter (VvSUTs) and invertase genes (VvINVs) was studied. To analyze the possible role of sucrose during ED development, its effect on bud swelling and sprouting was studied on dormant and nondormant buds under forced growth conditions. The results showed that the SD photoperiod upregulates the expression of the VvSUT genes and downregulates that of the VvINV genes in grapevine buds. Additionally, during the transition of buds from PD to ED, the sucrose content increased, the expression of the VvINV genes decreased, and the expression of the VvSUT genes did not change significantly. Sucrose delayed bud swelling and sprouting when applied to dormant buds but had no effect when applied to nondormant buds. Therefore, we concluded that ED development and sucrose accumulation were synchronized events induced by the SD photoperiod and that a sucrose peak marks the end of ED development in grapevine buds.

Photoprotection Is Achieved by Photorespiration and Modification of the Leaf Incident Light, and Their Extent Is Modulated by the Stomatal Sensitivity to Water Deficit in Grapevines.

Absorbed energy in excess of that used by photosynthesis induces photoinhibition, which is common in water deficit conditions, resulting in reductions in stomatal conductance. In grapevines, controlled water deficit is a common field practice, but little is known about the impact of a given water shortage on the energy transduction processes at the leaf level in relation to contrasting stomatal sensitivities to drought. Here, we assessed the effect of a nearly similar water deficit condition on four grapevine varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) and Sauvignon Blanc (SB), which are stomatal sensitive, and Chardonnay (CH) and Carménère (CM), which are less stomatal sensitive, grown in 20 L pots outdoors. Plants were maintained to nearly 94% of field capacity (WW) and 83% field capacity (WD). We have assessed plant water status, photosynthesis (AN), photorespiration, AN vs. PAR, ACi curves, photochemical (qP) and non-photochemical (qN) fluorescence quenching vs. PAR, the photoprotective effectiveness of NPQ (qPd) and light interception by leaves. Photorespiration is important under WD, but to a different extent between varieties. This is related to stomatal sensitivity, maintaining a safe proportion of PSII reaction centres in an open state. Additionally, the capacity for carboxylation is affected by WD, but to a greater extent in more sensitive varieties. As for qN, in WD it saturates at 750 µmol PAR m-2s-1, irrespective of the variety, which coincides with PAR, from which qN photoprotective effectiveness declines, and qP is reduced to risky thresholds. Additionally, that same PAR intensity is intercepted by WD leaves from highly stomatal-sensitive varieties, likely due to a modification of the leaf angle in those plants. Pigments associated with qN, as well as chlorophylls, do not seem to be a relevant physiological target for acclimation.

Abscisic Acid's Role in the Modulation of Compounds that Contribute to Wine Quality.

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in the plant responses to environmental signals, in particular by triggering secondary metabolism. High-altitude vineyards in Mendoza, Argentina, are exposed to elevated solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) levels and moderate water deficits (WD), thus producing grapevine berries with high enological quality for red winemaking. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and phenolic compounds (PCs) accumulate in the berry skins, possess antioxidant activity, and are important attributes for red wine. The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of ABA in the modulation of these compounds in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Malbec wines by comparing the independent and interactive effects of UV-B, WD, and ABA. Two UV-B treatments (ambient solar UV-B or reduced UV-B), two watering treatments (well-watered or moderate water deficit) and two ABA treatments (no ABA and sprayed ABA) were given in a factorial design during one growing season. Sprayed ABA, alone and/or in combination with UV-B (specially) and WD (to a lower degree) increased low molecular weight polyphenols (LMWP), anthocyanins, but most noticeably the stilbenes trans-resveratrol and piceid. Under these treatments, VOCs were scarcely affected, and the antioxidant capacity was influenced by the combination of UV-B and WD. From a technological point of view, ABA applications may be an effective vineyard management tool, considering that it elicited a higher content of compounds beneficial for wine aging, as well compounds related to color.

First report of Seimatosporium vitifusiforme causing trunk disease in Chilean grapevines (Vitis vinifera).

Grapevine is one of the most important fruit crops in Chile and trunk diseases reduce the productivity, quality, and longevity of the vineyards. A survey was conducted in ancient (> 50 years) vineyards of Cauquenes (35°57´14´´S 72°17´07´´W) and Itata valleys (36°38´13´´S 72°30´57´´W), located in the central area of Chile, during 2019. Trunks and cordons showing dieback and dark brown to black wood discoloration were collected from 50 to 200-year-old plants of six cultivars: País, Moscatel, Torontel Amarilla, Carignan, Aliatica and Aligote. The bark was removed and 0.5-cm sections were cut from the edges of necrotic wood lesions. Subsequently, pieces were surface disinfected using 10% v/v sodium hypochlorite bleach (4.9% chlorine), plated on acidified quarter-strength potato dextrose agar (APDA) (25% PDA, acidified with 0.1% v/v 85% lactic acid) and incubated at 25°C, for 14 to 28 days. Hyphal tips were excised and transferred to PDA to obtain pure cultures. Along with the conidiomata and conidia produced, growth rate, color and shape of the colonies on PDA, after 7 and 14 days of incubation at 25°C (n=17), were recorded. DNA was extracted from pure cultures of three isolates on PDA: HMV3, HMV64 and HMV81. The internal transcribed spacer region and partial ß-tubulin genes were amplified, using ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990) and bt2A/bt2B (Glass & Donaldson 1995) primers, respectively. Sequences were subjected to NCBI BLAST search and compared to the published sequences. Isolated colonies were whitish to light-brown, cottony with a smooth margin (n=37). Their mycelium grew 1.9 cm after 7-days and 3.2 cm after 14-days of incubation on PDA, at 25°C. Colonies produced black globose pycnidia and curved, slightly-pigmentated, three-septated conidia 22.3-(29.8)-32.2 x 3.9-(4.8)-5.3 µm (n=30), with apical and basal flexuous appendages 4.3-(12.7)-21.5 µm (n=20). When compared to type sequences of Seimatosporium vitifusiforme (Lawrence et al. 2018), ITS and ßtub sequences identity of these isolates were 99 to 100% identical. To produce uniform healthy plants for pathogenicity tests, Petit Syrah canes (1-year old) were rooted in tap water amended with 500 ppm of indole-butyric acid, for 30 days. Plants were inoculated with 0.5-cm diameter mycelial plugs of actively growing colonies of the isolates HMV3, HMV64 and HMV81 (GenBank accessions no. MW026664, MW048518; MW026665, MW048519, and MW026666, MW048520, respectively). Sterile agar plugs were used for controls. Five plants per pathogen isolate were incubated at 25°C, in a humid chamber, for 25 days, and seven additional plants per isolate were incubated in aerated tap water, for 55 days. After the incubation period, the bark was removed and the lesions were measured. Dark necrotic lesions identical to the original observations were reproduced, both in the high humidity chamber (6% length) and water (10% length). There were no differences in lesion length among the isolates (P < 0.05). Control vines remained asymptomatic. To fulfill Koch´s postulates, isolations were made from symptomatic vines and compared to the ones used for inoculation, and found to be identical. Seimatosporium vitifusiforme was previously reported as a pathogen of Vitis vinifera in California, USA (Lawrence et al. 2018). Consequently, this is the second report of this fungus as a grapevine pathogen and the first one affecting Latin-American grapevines.

Sprouting of paradormant and endodormant grapevine buds under conditions of forced growth: similarities and differences.

MAIN CONCLUSION: Bud-break assays under forced growth conditions suggest that a drop in ABA content and an increase in sugars are common features in the sprouting of paradormant (PD) and endodormant (ED) grapevine buds. However, increases in cell division and in respiration are unique characteristics of the ED budding. In tropical and subtropical regions where the variations in day length and temperatures are minor throughout the year, the rupture of grapevine buds can be achieved during the current growing season given rise to a double-cropping system annually. However, it is unknown whether the breaking buds are in the paradormancy (PD) or endodormancy (ED) stage. In this study, we compared the breakage of PD and ED buds under conditions of forced growth. To do this, the expression of genes related to the metabolism of phytohormones and sugars, and of relevant physiological functions such as respiration and cell division was analyzed temporally throughout the incubation period in both types of buds. An early fall in the expression of the ABA biosynthesis gene (VvNCED1) and increases in genes related to sugar metabolism and transports were observed during the incubation period in both types of buds. However, while in the PD buds, the genes related to respiration and the cell cycle did not undergo significant changes in their expression during the incubation period, in the ED buds, the expression of these genes together with those related to auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis experienced a large increase. The results suggest that a drop in ABA content and an increase in sugars are early signals for the onset of bud break in both PD and ED vines, while the increase in respiration and cell division are unique characteristics of the ED buds, which reflect its transition from a resting state to a state of active growth.

Grape and wine amino acid composition from Carignan noir grapevines growing under rainfed conditions in the Maule Valley, Chile: Effects of location and rootstock.

Nitrogen compounds play a key role on grape and wine quality. Their composition in grapes depends mainly on variety, viticultural management, and terroir, and affects fermentation kinetics and the volatile compound formation. The aim of this work was to study grape and wine amino acid composition of ungrafted or grafted onto cv. País Carignan grapevines growing under rainfed conditions in ten sites of the Maule Valley (Chile). The results showed that proline was the most abundant amino acid in grapes and wines. In general, Carignan noir grapevines grafted over País showed lower grape amino acid content respect to ungrafted vines. Cool night index (CI) was inversely correlated to several amino acids, showing that their plant synthesis or accumulation increased with lower minimum temperatures during the last month before harvest. Truquilemu (Tru) and Ciénaga de Name (Cdn) sites showed the highest concentration for several amino acids and total amino acid content in grapes, which led to a faster alcoholic fermentation.

Relationship between endodormancy, FLOWERING LOCUS T and cell cycle genes in Vitis vinifera.

MAIN CONCLUSION: In grapevines, the increased expression of VvFT , genes involved in the photoperiodic control of seasonal growth ( VvAP1, VvAIL2 ) and cell cycle genes ( VvCDKA, VvCDKB2, VvCYCA1, VvCYCB, VvCYCD3.2 ) in the shoot apex relative to the latent bud, suggests a high mitotic activity of the apex which could prevent them to enter into endodormancy. Additionally, the up-regulation of these genes by the dormancy-breaking compound hydrogen cyanamide (H 2 CN 2 ) strongly suggests that VvFT plays a key role in regulating transcriptionally cell cycle genes. At the end of the growing season, short-day (SD) photoperiod induces the transition of latent grapevine buds (Vitis vinifera L) from paradormancy (PD) to endodormancy (ED), which allows them to survive the cold temperatures of winter. Meanwhile, the shoot apex gradually decreases its growth without entering into ED, and as a result of the fall of temperatures at the beginning of autumn, dies. To understand developmental differences and contrasting responses to environmental cues between both organs, the expression of cell cycle genes, and of genes involved in photoperiodic control of seasonal growth in trees, such as FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), APETALA1 (AP1) and AINTEGUMENTA-like (AIL) was analyzed at the shoot apex and latent buds of vines during the transition from PD to ED. After shift to SD photoperiod, increased expression of cell cycle genes in the shoot apex suggests a high mitotic activity in this organ which could prevent them from entering into ED. Additionally, the increased expression of VvFT, VvAP1and VvAIL2 in the shoot apex, and the up-regulation of VvFT, VvAP1and cell cycle genes VvCDKA, VvCDKB2, VvCYCA.1, by the dormancy-breaking compound hydrogen cyanamide (H2CN2), strongly suggests that VvFT plays a key role in regulating transcriptionally cell cycle genes, giving thus, more support to the model for photoperiodic control of seasonal growth in trees. Furthermore, downregulation of VvFT by the SD photoperiod detected in leaves and buds of grapevines highlights the importance of VvFT in the induction of growth cessation and in ED development, probably by regulating the expression of cell cycle genes.

Organic production of red wine grapes under plastic cover in subtropical region of Brazil / Produção orgânica de uvas para vinho tinto sob cobertura plástica em região subtropical do Brasil

A trial was carried out aiming to evaluate the development and yield of red wine grapevines under plastic cover in an organic production system in Guarapuava, the Central-Southern region of Paraná State, Brazil. The experimental design was in a randomized blocks, in a 5x2 factorial arrangement (cultivars x rootstocks), with five red wine vine cultivars (Merlot, Malbec, Carbenet Sauvignon, Ives and Early Isabella) and two rootstocks (Paulsen 1103 e VR 043-43). The grafted grapevines were planted in September of 2005 and the evaluations carried out for the three first productive cycles (2006/2007, 2007/2008, 2008/2009). The following variables were evaluated: phenological growth stages, number of clusters, average cluster weight, total yield, total soluble solids content and fresh weight of pruning material. The cultivation of wine grapevines in an organic system under plastic cover demonstrated viability, inhibiting the incidence of diseases and reducing the needs of control. The most limiting factor was the damage caused by wasps and bees that decreased cluster harvest. Despite this problem, between tested grapevine cultivars, the Early Isabella was the most productive in all years, while Malbec was also outstanding in the first cycle. VR 043-43 hybrid could be a suitable rootstock for red wine production in areas infested by 'Perola da Terra' scale insects (Eurhizococcus brasiliensis).

Um experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento e produtividade de uvas para vinho tinto sob cobertura plástica, em sistema orgânico, em Guarapuava, região centro-sul do estado do Paraná, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5x2 (cultivares x porta-enxertos), com cinco cultivares de vinho tinto (Merlot, Malbec, Cabernet Sauvignon, Bordô e Isabel Precoce) e dois porta-enxertos (Paulsen 1103e VR 043-43). As videiras enxertadas foram plantadas em setembro de 2005 e as avaliações foram conduzidas nos três primeiros ciclos produtivos (2006/2007, 2007/2008, 2009/2009). Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: estádios fenológicos, número de cachos, massa média dos cachos, produtividade, teor de sólidos solúveis totais e massa fresca do material de poda. O cultivo de videiras para vinificação em sistema orgânico sob cobertura plástica demonstrou ser viável, inibindo a incidência de doenças e reduzindo a necessidade de controle. O fator mais limitante foi o ataque de vespas e abelhas que severamente reduziram a colheita de cachos. Apesar desse problema, entre as cultivares de videira testadas, a Isabel Precoce foi a mais produtiva em todos os anos, enquanto a 'Malbec' foi também superior no primeiro ciclo. O híbrido 'VR 043-43' poderia ser um porta-enxerto adequado para a produção de uvas para vinho tinto em áreas infestadas com pérola-da-terra (Eurhizococcus brasiliensis).

Physical and chemical characteristics of grape clusters from Vitis rotundifolia cultivars / Características físicas e químicas dos cachos de cultivares de Vitis rotundifolia

The goal of this work was to evaluate physical and chemical cluster characteristics of eight Vitis rotundifolia cultivars: Topsail, Magnolia, Noble, Roanoke, Magoon, Regale, Bontiful and Dixie. The evaluated clusters were collected from a preexistent Vitis rotundifolia orchard located at the Canguiri Experimental Station of the Federal University of Parana, in Pinhais-PR. The following variables were evaluated for the 2004 and 2005 crops: total cluster mass, berry mass per cluster, rachis mass, number of berries per cluster and berry diameter. A completely random design with 50 replications was used and each cluster has been considered as a parcel. The chemical characteristics of the juice were evaluated: pH, acidity and total soluble solids. For these analyses, a completely random design with 10 replications was used with 5 clusters per plot. The cultivar Noble stood up from the rest in terms of total soluble solids content for both crops (2004 and 2005) with 12.7 and 13.7 Brix respectively. The cultivar Dixie presented the highest pH (3.04) in 2004 and the cultivar Magnolia in 2005, which present the lower acid content in both years. The cultivars Magnolia and Roanoke stood up in 2004 and 2005 respectively in total cluster mass, mass of berries and rachis mass. In terms of number of berries per cluster, the cultivars Roanoke and Magnolia presented the highest numbers in 200

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características físicas e químicas dos cachos de oito cultivares de Vitis rotundifolia. As cultivares estudadas foram as seguintes: Topsail, Magnolia, Noble, Roanoke, Magoon, Regale, Bontiful e Dixie. Os cachos utilizados para as análises foram colhidos da coleção de cultivares de Vitis rotundifolia existente na Estação Experimental do Canguiri, da Universidade Federal do Paraná, em Pinhais-PR. Foram avaliadas duas safras, 2004 e 2005, pelas seguintes variáveis: massa total do cacho, de bagas por cacho e do engaço; número de bagas por cacho; massa média das bagas; e diâmetro de baga. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com 50 repetições, sendo cada parcela constituída de um cacho. Também foram avaliadas as características químicas do suco: pH, acidez e teor de sólidos solúveis. O delineamento foi inteiramente ao acaso, com 10 repetições, sendo cada parcela constituída pelo suco de cinco cachos. Quanto ao teor de sólidos solúveis totais, a cultivar Nobel destacou-se em ambas as safras (2204 e 2005), com 12,7 e 13,7 Brix respectivamente. A cultivar Dixie apresentou o maior valor de pH (3,04), em 2004 e a cultivar Magnólia em 2005 foi superior às outras e ao mesmo tempo apresentou a menor acidez nos dois anos. As cultivares Magnólia e Roanoke se destacaram em 2004 e 2005, respectivamente, quanto a massa total do cach

Physical and chemical characteristics of grape clusters from Vitis rotundifolia cultivars / Características físicas e químicas dos cachos de cultivares de Vitis rotundifolia

Thegoal of this work was to evaluatephysical and chemical cluster characteristics of eight Vitis rotundifolia cultivars: Topsail, Magnolia, Noble, Roanoke, Magoon, Regale, Bontiful and Dixie. The evaluated clusters were collected from a preexistent Vitis rotundifolia orchard located at the Canguiri Experimental Station of the Federal University of Parana, in Pinhais-PR. The following variables were evaluated for the 2004 and 2005 crops: total cluster mass, berry mass per cluster, rachis mass, number of berries per cluster and berry diameter. A completely random design with 50 replications was used and each cluster has been considered as a parcel. The chemical characteristics of the juice were evaluated: pH, acidity and total soluble solids. For these analyses, a completely random design with 10 replications was used with 5 clusters per plot. The cultivar Noble stood up from the rest in terms of total soluble solids content for both crops (2004 and 2005) with 12.7° and 13.7° Brix respectively. The cultivar Dixie presented the highest pH (3.04) in 2004 and the cultivar Magnolia in 2005, which present the lower acid content in both years. The cultivars Magnolia and Roanoke stood up in 2004 and 2005 respectively in total cluster mass, mass of berries and rachis mass. In terms of number of berries per cluster, the cultivars Roanoke and Magnolia presented the highest numbers in 2004 while in 2005 the highest numbers were presented by the Roanoke, Regale and Noble cultivars. In 2004, the average berry mass of the cultivars Magnolia and Topsail was superior to the others being the last cited cultivar also superior in this variable in 2005. The cultivar Noble presented the smallest diameter of berries. It was possible to conclude that Vitis rotundifolia cultivars, due to their low total soluble solids content, high acidity and low pH are not recommended for fresh consumption but present potential for juice, jam and jelly production. Furthermore, the cultivars presented small clusters with few berries, being considered inferior than clusters from other american grapevines.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características físicas e químicas dos cachos de oito cultivares de Vitis rotundifolia. As cultivares estudadas foram as seguintes: Topsail, Magnolia, Noble, Roanoke, Magoon, Regale, Bontiful e Dixie. Os cachos utilizados para as análises foram colhidos da coleção de cultivares de Vitis rotundifolia existente na Estação Experimental do Canguiri, da Universidade Federal do Paraná, em Pinhais-PR. Foram avaliadas duas safras, 2004 e 2005, pelas seguintes variáveis: massa total do cacho, de bagas por cacho e do engaço; número de bagas por cacho; massa média das bagas; e diâmetro de baga. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com 50 repetições, sendo cada parcela constituída de um cacho. Também foram avaliadas as características químicas do suco: pH, acidez e teor de sólidos solúveis. O delineamento foi inteiramente ao acaso, com 10 repetições, sendo cada parcela constituída pelo suco de cinco cachos. Quanto ao teor de sólidos solúveis totais, a cultivar Nobel destacou-se em ambas as safras (2204 e 2005), com 12,7° e 13,7° Brix respectivamente. A cultivar Dixie apresentou o maior valor de pH (3,04), em 2004 e a cultivar Magnólia em 2005 foi superior às outras e ao mesmo tempo apresentou a menor acidez nos dois anos. As cultivares Magnólia e Roanoke se destacaram em 2004 e 2005, respectivamente, quanto a massa total do cacho, de bagas e do engaço. Para o número de bagas, em 2004, as cultivares Roanoke e Magnólia apresentaram valores superiores. Já em 2005, as cultivares Roanoke, Regale e Noble foram superiores. A massa média das bagas, em 2004 foi superior nas cultivares Magnólia e Topsail, sendo que esta última cultivar também se destacou em 2005. A cultivar com menor diâmetro das bagas foi a Noble. Conclui-se que as cultivares de Vitis rotundifolia por apresentarem baixo teor de sólidos solúveis, elevada acidez e baixo pH, não são recomendadas para consumo in natura, mas apresentam potencial para o processamento de sucos e geléias. Essas cultivares também apresentam cachos pequenos e com poucas bagas, bastante inferiores aos cachos de outras videiras americanas.

Absorção de macronutrientes por porta-enxertos e cultivares de videira em hidroponia

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the macronutrient uptake capacity of some rootstocks used for the grape cultivars ‘Thompson Seedless and ‘Italia. The rootstocks ‘Tropical‘ - IAC 313, ‘Jales‘ - IAC 572, ‘Campinas‘ - IAC 766, ‘Dog Ridge‘, ‘Salt Creek‘ and ‘Harmony‘, and the cultivars ‘Thompson Seedless and ‘Italia were propagated from two bud cuttings, in sand, until root development, being thereafter transplanted to 3L pots with a mixture 2:1 by volume of silica and sand. The young grapevines were pruned to uniformize their size. The growth solution was supplied by a drip irrigation , regulated with a timer. The pruning was made when the grapevine shoots reached 1.50m. The samples were dried and the macronutrients were analyzed. The results indicated that: the biomass yield shows high correlation with the nutrient level; ‘Jales‘ rootstock showed the highest dry matter yield in the aboveground part, being considered the most vigorous, followed by ‘Tropical‘ and ‘Campinas‘; the cultivars ‘Thompson Seedless‘ and ‘Italia‘ and the rootstocks ‘Harmony‘, ‘Dog Ridge‘ and ‘Salt Creek‘ showed the lowest dry matter yield, being considered less vigorous among all; ‘Jales‘ rootstock extracted the higest amount of N, P, K and Ca, and the same amount of Mg as the ‘Tropical‘ rootstock; in a general way, extraction of N, P, K, Ca and Mg by the cultivars ‘Thompson Seedles and ‘Italia was equivalent to that of the rootstocks ‘Campinas‘, ‘Harmony‘, ‘Dog Ridge‘ and ‘Salt Creek‘.

A proposta deste trabalho foi detectar a capacidade de absorção de macronutrientes nos porta-enxertos de videira ‘Tropical‘ - IAC 313, ‘Jales‘ - IAC 572, ‘Campinas‘ - IAC 766, ‘Dog Ridge‘, ‘Salt Creek‘ e ‘Harmony‘ de possível utilização para as cultivares Thompson Seedless e Italia. Os porta-enxertos e as produtoras foram propagados por estacas semi-lenhosas com 2 gemas, enraizadas em areia grossa lavada até que o sistema radicular permitisse o transplantio para recipientes de 3L de volume, contendo 2 partes de sílica e 1 parte de areia grossa. As mudas foram uniformizadas através de poda, tanto do sistema radicular quanto da parte aérea. A solução nutritiva foi aplicada por irrigação em sistema fechado de gotejamento, acionado por temporizador. Quando as plantas apresentavam, em média, um ramo com 1,50m de comprimento, foi realizada a poda do sistema aéreo, colocando-se o material para secar. As amostras foram moídas e analisadas quanto ao teor de macronutrientes. A análise dos dados permitiu concluir que: a produção de biomassa apresenta alta correlação com a quantidade acumulada de nutrientes; o porta-enxerto ‘Jales‘ apresentou o maior valor de produção de matéria seca da parte aérea, sendo pois considerado o mais vigoroso, vindo a seguir os porta-enxertos ‘Tropical‘ e ‘Campinas‘; as produtoras ‘Thompson Seedless‘ e ‘Italia‘ e os porta-enxertos ‘Harmony‘, ‘Dog Ridge‘ e ‘Salt Creek‘ apresentaram valores menores de produção de matéria seca da parte aérea, considerados portanto menos vigorosos que os demais materiais estudados; o porta-enxerto ‘Jales‘ foi o que extraiu maior quantidade de N, P, K e Ca, igualando-se ao ‘Tropical‘ na extração de Mg; de modo geral, a extração de N, P, K, Ca e Mg pelas cultivares Thompson Seedless e Italia foi semelhante aos porta-enxertos ‘Campinas‘, ‘Harmony‘, ‘Dog Ridge‘ e ‘Salt Creek‘.

Absorção de macronutrientes por porta-enxertos e cultivares de videira em hidroponia

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the macronutrient uptake capacity of some rootstocks used for the grape cultivars ‘Thompson Seedless’ and ‘Italia’. The rootstocks ‘Tropical‘ - IAC 313, ‘Jales‘ - IAC 572, ‘Campinas‘ - IAC 766, ‘Dog Ridge‘, ‘Salt Creek‘ and ‘Harmony‘, and the cultivars ‘Thompson Seedless’ and ‘Italia’ were propagated from two bud cuttings, in sand, until root development, being thereafter transplanted to 3L pots with a mixture 2:1 by volume of silica and sand. The young grapevines were pruned to uniformize their size. The growth solution was supplied by a drip irrigation , regulated with a timer. The pruning was made when the grapevine shoots reached 1.50m. The samples were dried and the macronutrients were analyzed. The results indicated that: the biomass yield shows high correlation with the nutrient level; ‘Jales‘ rootstock showed the highest dry matter yield in the aboveground part, being considered the most vigorous, followed by ‘Tropical‘ and ‘Campinas‘; the cultivars ‘Thompson Seedless‘ and ‘Italia‘ and the rootstocks ‘Harmony‘, ‘Dog Ridge‘ and ‘Salt Creek‘ showed the lowest dry matter yield, being considered less vigorous among all; ‘Jales‘ rootstock extracted the higest amount of N, P, K and Ca, and the same amount of Mg as the ‘Tropical‘ rootstock; in a general way, extraction of N, P, K, Ca and Mg by the cultivars ‘Thompson Seedles’ and ‘Italia’ was equivalent to that of the rootstocks ‘Campinas‘, ‘Harmony‘, ‘Dog Ridge‘ and ‘Salt Creek‘.

A proposta deste trabalho foi detectar a capacidade de absorção de macronutrientes nos porta-enxertos de videira ‘Tropical‘ - IAC 313, ‘Jales‘ - IAC 572, ‘Campinas‘ - IAC 766, ‘Dog Ridge‘, ‘Salt Creek‘ e ‘Harmony‘ de possível utilização para as cultivares Thompson Seedless e Italia. Os porta-enxertos e as produtoras foram propagados por estacas semi-lenhosas com 2 gemas, enraizadas em areia grossa lavada até que o sistema radicular permitisse o transplantio para recipientes de 3L de volume, contendo 2 partes de sílica e 1 parte de areia grossa. As mudas foram uniformizadas através de poda, tanto do sistema radicular quanto da parte aérea. A solução nutritiva foi aplicada por irrigação em sistema fechado de gotejamento, acionado por temporizador. Quando as plantas apresentavam, em média, um ramo com 1,50m de comprimento, foi realizada a poda do sistema aéreo, colocando-se o material para secar. As amostras foram moídas e analisadas quanto ao teor de macronutrientes. A análise dos dados permitiu concluir que: a produção de biomassa apresenta alta correlação com a quantidade acumulada de nutrientes; o porta-enxerto ‘Jales‘ apresentou o maior valor de produção de matéria seca da parte aérea, sendo pois considerado o mais vigoroso, vindo a seguir os porta-enxertos ‘Tropical‘ e ‘Campinas‘; as produtoras ‘Thompson Seedless‘ e ‘Italia‘ e os porta-enxertos ‘Harmony‘, ‘Dog Ridge‘ e ‘Salt Creek‘ apresentaram valores menores de produção de matéria seca da parte aérea, considerados portanto menos vigorosos que os demais materiais estudados; o porta-enxerto ‘Jales‘ foi o que extraiu maior quantidade de N, P, K e Ca, igualando-se ao ‘Tropical‘ na extração de Mg; de modo geral, a extração de N, P, K, Ca e Mg pelas cultivares Thompson Seedless e Italia foi semelhante aos porta-enxertos ‘Campinas‘, ‘Harmony‘, ‘Dog Ridge‘ e ‘Salt Creek‘.