Obtaining and evaluating of enzymatic extracts from hairless canary seed (CDC Maria) as gluten-free bread-improving agents.

In this study, enzyme extracts were obtained from hairless canary seeds (CDC Maria) and used as gluten-free bread improvers. The enzyme extraction was done with a specific protein buffer solution and subsequent centrifugation. The supernatant was called crude enzyme extract, a fraction of this extract was refrigerated (CE) and another fraction was lyophilized (CEL). The lyoprotective effect of corn fiber (CEL + CF), maltodextrin (CEL + M), and inulin (CEL + I) was evaluated. Each enzyme extract was added to a gluten-free bread at 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% (w/w). The quality of the gluten-free bread was determined by external and internal characteristically, physical and sensory analysis: analysis of the lamella thickness, the shape factor of pores, the final volume, the aeration percentage, the texture profile analysis, the pore size distribution and shelf-life time. The results showed that the formulation with CEL at 0.5% (w/w) significantly improved the gluten-free bread quality properties, generating an increase of the final volume and aeration percentage, a reduction of the firmness, chewiness and sample aging, and a finer and more uniform crumb structure when compared to a control sample (P < 0.001). This study revealed the potential of a food-improving additive obtained from a natural origin with a high-level production in Argentina.

Different biological effects of exposure to far-UVC (222 nm) and near-UVC (254 nm) irradiation.

Ultraviolet C (UVC) light has long been used as a sterilizing agent, primarily through devices that emit at 254 nm. Depending on the dose and duration of exposure, UV 254 nm can cause erythema and photokeratitis and potentially cause skin cancer since it directly modifies nitrogenated nucleic acid bases. Filtered KrCl excimer lamps (emitting mainly at 222 nm) have emerged as safer germicidal tools and have even been proposed as devices to sterilize surgical wounds. All the studies that showed the safety of 222 nm analyzed cell number and viability, erythema generation, epidermal thickening, the formation of genetic lesions such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-(6-4)-pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4PPs) and cancer-inducing potential. Although nucleic acids can absorb and be modified by both UV 254 nm and UV 222 nm equally, compared to UV 254 nm, UV 222 nm is more intensely absorbed by proteins (especially aromatic side chains), causing photooxidation and cross-linking. Here, in addition to analyzing DNA lesion formation, for the first time, we evaluated changes in the proteome and cellular pathways, reactive oxygen species formation, and metalloproteinase (MMP) levels and activity in full-thickness in vitro reconstructed human skin (RHS) exposed to UV 222 nm. We also performed the longest (40 days) in vivo study of UV 222 nm exposure in the HRS/J mouse model at the occupational threshold limit value (TLV) for indirect exposure (25 mJ/cm2) and evaluated overall skin morphology, cellular pathological alterations, CPD and 6-4PP formation and MMP-9 activity. Our study showed that processes related to reactive oxygen species and inflammatory responses were more altered by UV 254 nm than by UV 222 nm. Our chronic in vivo exposure assay using the TLV confirmed that UV 222 nm causes minor damage to the skin. However, alterations in pathways related to skin regeneration raise concerns about direct exposure to UV 222 nm.

Genetic relationships of the Yucatan black hairless pig with Iberian breeds using single nucleotide polymorfisms / Relações genéticas de porcos pretos calvos de Yucatán com raças ibéricas usando Polimorfismo de nucleotídeos isolados

To conduct ex-situ creole pig conservation programs, it is essential to determine which breeding animals will be used, preferentially those with a more significant Iberian genetic component to preserve their origin. This study used a Yucatan black hairless pigs (YBHP) subpopulation to estimate its genetic diversity and population structure. One hundred four adult pigs were selected for the absence of hair, black skin (without spots), black hoof, and straight snout. The porcine-GGP-50K chip was used for SNP genotyping in YBHP, and information on Iberian and Yucatán hairless pigs from the United States (USYU) was taken from databases. All analysis was performed using PLINK v1.9 and v2.1 software. Inbreeding and fixation index values were lower in YBHP, with high observed heterozygosity and allogamy index values, which agree with those obtained in the populations of Canarias and Chato Murciano. According to the clusters generated by the "Genome-Wide Identity by State" analysis, four groups were identified, one of which included pigs from Guadyerbas, USYU, and YBHP. Between populations, YBHP was closely related to the hairless pigs from Guadyerbas, USYU, and Canarias. Principal component analysis showed the same result. According to the results obtained from the runs of homozygosity investigation, aimed to get pools consensus of regions of overlapping, 119 SNPs associated with genes and biological processes were identified. The BMP7 and NSUN2 genes were associated with epithelial cell differentiation, morphogenesis, and epithelial development. For nutrient metabolism: energy, the HADHA, PPARA, ADD1/SREBF1, and FAT 1genes were identified.(AU)

Para realizar programas de conservação ex-situ de suínos crioulos, é importante determinar quais animais serão criados, preferencialmente aqueles com maior componente de genética ibérica, para preservar sua origem. Uma subpopulação de porco preto calvo de Yucatán (YBHP) foi usada para estimar sua diversidade genética e estrutura populacional. Um total de 104 suínos adultos foram selecionados levando-se em consideração características como ausência de pelos, pele preta (sem manchas), casco preto e focinho reto. O painel GGP-50K foi utilizado para a genotipagem dos SNPs em animais YBHP, e informações de porcos sem pelos ibéricos e de Yucatán dos Estados Unidos (USYU) foram retiradas de bancos de dados. Todas as análises foram realizadas com o software PLINK v1.9 e v2.1. Os valores dos índices de endogamia e fixação foram menores em YBHP, com altos valores de índice de heterozigosidade e alogamia observados, que concordam com os obtidos nas populações de Canárias e Chato Murciano. De acordo com os clusters gerados pela análise "Genoma-Wide Identity By State", quatro grupos foram identificados, um dos quais incluiu porcos de Guadyerbas, USYU e YBHP. Entre as populações, YBHP estava intimamente relacionado com os porcos sem pelo de Guadyerbas, USYU e Canárias. A análise de componentes principais mostrou o mesmo resultado. De acordo com os resultados obtidos nas corridas de investigação de homozigose, visando obter consenso de pools de regiões de sobreposição, foram identificados 119 SNPs associados a genes e processos biológicos. Os genes BMP7 e NSUN2 foram associados à diferenciação de células epiteliais, morfogênese e desenvolvimento epitelial. Para metabolismo de nutrientes: energia, os genes HADHA, PPARA, ADD1/SREBF1 e FAT1 foram identificados.(AU)

Lycium barbarum polysaccharide fraction associated with photobiomodulation protects from epithelium thickness and collagen fragmentation in a model of cutaneous photodamage.

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the major etiologic agent of cutaneous photoaging, and different strategies are used to prevent and treat this condition. The polysaccharide fraction (LBPF) isolated from Lycium Barbarum fruits (goji berry) contains several active ingredients with antioxidant, immune system modulation, and antitumor effects. In addition, the photobiomodulation (PBM) is widely applied in photoaging treatment. This study investigated the effects of LBPF and PBM against the UVR-induced photodamage in the skin of hairless mice. The mice were photoaged for 6 weeks in a chronic and cumulative exposure regimen using a 300-W incandescent lamp that simulates the UVR effects. From the third to the sixth week of photoaging induction, the animals received topical applications of LBPF and PBM, singly or combined, in different orders (first LBPF and then PBM and inversely), three times per week after each session of photoaging. After completion of experiments, the dorsal region skin was collected for the analysis of thickness, collagen content, and metalloproteinases (MMP) levels. A photoprotective potential against the increase of the epithelium thickness and the fragmentation of the collagen fibers was achieved in the skin of mice treated with LBPF or PBM singly, as well as their combination. All treatments maintained the skin collagen composition, except when PBM was applied after the LBPF. However, no treatment protected against the UVR-induced MMP increase. Taken together, we have shown that the LBPF and PBM promote a photoprotective effect in hairless mice skin against epidermal thickening and low collagen density. Both strategies, singly and combined, can be used to reduce the UVR-induced cutaneous photoaging.

Effect of High-Dose Topical Minoxidil on Erythrocyte Quality in SKH1 Hairless Mice.

SKH1 hairless mice are widely used in carcinogenesis and dermatology research due to their bare skin, as exposure to different agents is facilitated. Minoxidil is a cosmetic drug that is recognized as a mitogenic agent, and mitogens are suggested to have carcinogenic and mutagenic potential by inducing cell division and increasing the possibility of perpetuating DNA damage. Therefore, we hypothesized that the application of high doses of minoxidil to the skin of hairless mice would increase the number of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNEs) in peripheral blood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the topical administration of high doses of minoxidil on peripheral blood erythrocytes of SKH1 mice by means of micronucleus assay. Minoxidil was administered on the entire body surface of mice every 12 or 24 h. Minoxidil dosing every 24 h increased the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs), and dosing every 12 h increased the number of MNEs and MNPCEs, as compared to baseline and the negative control group. No decrease in polychromatic erythrocyte frequencies was observed in the minoxidil groups. Therefore, topical application of high minoxidil doses to mice can produce DNA damage, as observed through an increase in the number of MNEs, without producing cytotoxicity, possibly due to its mitogenic effect.

Citral prevents UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis in hairless mice.

The incidence of skin cancers has increased worldwide, requiring more prevention of this type of cancer. The use of sunscreen and the control of the time of exposure to sunlight are the recognized forms of prevention. However, new substances have been researched in order to develop formulations with more efficient protective activity. Citral is a natural compound with lemon scent that is used in food and cosmetic industries. The present work evaluated the chemoprotective effect of citral during UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis. Male hairless mice HRS/J, 8-12 weeks old, were exposed to UVB irradiation for 24 weeks, with a cumulative radiation dose of 13.875 J/cm2. Citral (0.1, 0.5 and 1%) was applied to the skin at a dosage of 0.1 g/animal, 5 min after UVB exposure. At the end of the experiment, the number of lesion/animal, and size of lesions were measured. The histological sections of the skin were evaluated for the presence and intensity of actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma. TUNEL assay was performed for apoptosis evaluation. Skin samples were used for the measurement of oxidative stress parameters (total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter of skin, glutathione, catalase activity and malondialdehyde), and cytokines levels (IL-1ß, IL-4, IL-10, IL-23, TNF-α, and IFNγ). Citral 1% completely inhibited UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis by reducing levels of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines, increasing apoptotic rate in the skin.

Evaluating the Influence of Chromatic and Luminance Stimuli on SSVEPs from Behind-the-Ears and Occipital Areas.

This work presents a study of chromatic and luminance stimuli in low-, medium-, and high-frequency stimulation to evoke steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) in the behind-the-ears area. Twelve healthy subjects participated in this study. The electroencephalogram (EEG) was measured on occipital (Oz) and left and right temporal (TP9 and TP10) areas. The SSVEP was evaluated in terms of amplitude, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and detection accuracy using power spectral density analysis (PSDA), canonical correlation analysis (CCA), and temporally local multivariate synchronization index (TMSI) methods. It was found that stimuli based on suitable color and luminance elicited stronger SSVEP in the behind-the-ears area, and that the response of the SSVEP was related to the flickering frequency and the color of the stimuli. Thus, green-red stimulus elicited the highest SSVEP in medium-frequency range, and green-blue stimulus elicited the highest SSVEP in high-frequency range, reaching detection accuracy rates higher than 80%. These findings will aid in the development of more comfortable, accurate and stable BCIs with electrodes positioned on the behind-the-ears (hairless) areas.

Fluorescence spectroscopy in the visible range for the assessment of UVB radiation effects in hairless mice skin.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation may induce skin alterations as observed in photoaging. Some recognized modifications are epidermal hyperplasia, amorphous deposition of degraded elastic fibers and reduction in the number of collagen fibers. They alter the tissue biochemical properties that can be interrogated by steady state fluorescence spectroscopy (SSFS). In this study, we monitored the changes in endogenous fluorescence emission from hairless mice skin during a protocol of photoaging using UVB irradiation. To perform the fluorescence spectroscopy, it was used a violet laser (408nm) to induce the native fluorescence that is emitted in the visible range. Under 408nm excitation, the emission spectrum showed bands with peaks centered around 510, 633 and 668nm for irradiated and control groups. A relative increase of the fluorescence at 633nm emission on the flank was observed with time when compared to the ventral skin at the same animal and the non-irradiated control group. We correlated the emission at 633nm with protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), and our hypothesis is that the PpIX metabolism in the photoaged and aged skin are different. PpIX fluorescence intensity in the photoaged skin is higher and more heterogeneous than in the aged skin. Notwithstanding, more spectroscopic and biochemistry studies investigating the 510 and 633nm emission are needed to confirm this hypothesis.

Seroprevalence and parasite load of Toxoplasma gondii in Mexican hairless pig (Sus scrofa) tissues from the Southeast of Mexico.

This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and determine the parasite load of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in the heart and tongue tissues and the semimembranosus/gracilis muscles in a population of Mexican hairless pig (MHP). A cross-sectional study was conducted in 81 MHP, 9-12 weeks of age, from 10 municipalities in Yucatan, Mexico. The prevalence was estimated by the detection of T. gondii IgG antibodies via an indirect ELISA assay. The parasite burden was also determined by testing genomic DNA from sampled tissues using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), which amplified a 62bp product from the B1 gene of T. gondii. The seroprevalence was 53% (43/81), ranging from 0 to 100% seropositivity rate depending on the municipalitie of origin. The qPCR allowed detection of T. gondii in 5.3% (9/168) of the tissue samples, with an average of 2.5±2.71 parasites per gram (0.17±0.18 parasite equivalent) for the leg muscle tissue, 0.26±0.39 (0.01±0.02 parasite equivalent) for the heart tissue and 0.31±0.37 (0.021±0.025 parasite equivalent) for the tongue tissue. No significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in the proportion and parasite burden among the different types of tissues evaluated. As shown by the ELISA, a high seroprevalence of T. gondii exists in MHP from the Yucatán Peninsula. The parasite burden found in the tissues showed similar tropism; therefore, the consumption of these tissues involves the same risk of acquiring infection if not properly cooked.

Effect of feeding restriction on growth and dressing percentages in Mexican hairless pig.

Twenty-four male Mexican hairless pigs, weighing 16 ± 1.12 kg, were used to evaluate growth performance and carcass yield in pigs fed 2 (L), 3 (M) and 4 (H) times the Metabolizable Energy (ME) required for maintenance. The pigs were assigned randomly to two experimental rearing systems (indoors and outdoors). They were fed daily according to their respective feeding regimen (FR). The indoor pigs were fed ad libitum with chopped star grass forage (Cynodon nlemfuensis). The outdoor pigs had access during 16 h to a paddock of star grass. The pigs were slaughtered when they achieve 70 kg of live weight. No significant differences between indoors and outdoors were observed in any of the variables evaluated (P > 0.05). A significant reduction of daily live weight gain (P < 0.05) was observed conforming to FR reductions (0.501, 0.438 and 0.300 kg/day for H, M and L, respectively). Days to achieve 70 kg of live weight increase (P < 0.05) as FR reduces (110, 124 and 180 days for H, M and L, respectively) were recorded. Forage consumption in pigs reared indoors reduces (P < 0.05) conforming to FR increases (0.092, 0.121 and 0.307 kg DM/day for H, M and L respectively). Fat carcass yield reduces significantly (P < 0.05) according FR reductions (24.5, 22.8 y 18.9 kg, for H, M and L respectively). Also, carcass meat yield was higher (P < 0.05) in pigs from L regimen (25.0 kg) than in pigs from M and H regimen (22.0 and 22.8 kg, respectively). Results obtained indicate a reduction in daily live weight gain conforming to daily feed intake reductions; however, improvement in carcass meat yield, accompanied with a reduction in carcass fat yield, was observed.

Environmental effects on reproductive traits in Santa Ines sheep / Efeitos ambientais sobre características reprodutivas em ovinos Santa Inês

In this research we aimed to study environmental effects about litter size and weaning rate in Santa Ines sheep by means of generalized linear models. We used the data from experimental sheep herd of Santa Ines, of the Federal University of Piaui, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, in Bom Jesus-PI, during 2008-2010. The environmental effects studied were: mating year, mating station, birth season, birth type, offspring sex, ewe age at birth, ewe weight at birth and birth weight as covariate. For statistical analysis we used the GENMOD procedure contained in SAS. Mean values for litter size and weaning rates were 1.36 and 68.18% respectively. The effect of ewe weight was significant about the litter size. There was no significant effect of birth season on the weaning rate. Correlations between productive and reproductive traits ranged from negative to positive low magnitude. The effects of ewe weight at birth and birth weight were important sources of variation for litter size and weaning rates, which reflects the need to consider these effects in models of genetic and phenotypic evaluation.

O objetivo com esta pesquisa foi estudar efeitos ambientais sobre a prolificidade e a taxa de desmame em ovinos Santa Inês, por meio de modelos lineares generalizados. Foram utilizados dados do rebanho experimental de ovinos da raça Santa Inês, da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Professora Cinobelina Elvas, em Bom Jesus-PI, no período de 2008 a 2010. Os efeitos ambientais estudados foram: ano de cobertura, Período de cobertura, Período de nascimento, tipo de nascimento, sexo da cria, idade da mãe ao parto, peso da mãe ao parto e peso ao nascer como covariável. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o procedimento GENMOD contido no programa SAS. Os valores médios de prolificidade e taxa de desmame foram respectivamente 1,36 e 68,18%. O efeito do peso da mãe ao parto foi significativo sobre a prolificidade. Observou-se efeito significativo de Período de nascimento sobre a taxa de desmame. As correlações entre características produtivas e reprodutivas variaram de negativas a positivas de baixa magnitude. Os efeitos de peso da mãe ao parto e peso ao nascer mostraram-se importantes fontes de variação para prolificidade e taxa de desmame, o que reflete a necessidade de considerar estes efeitos em modelos de avaliação genética e fenotípica.

Environmental effects on reproductive traits in Santa Ines sheep / Efeitos ambientais sobre características reprodutivas em ovinos Santa Inês

In this research we aimed to study environmental effects about litter size and weaning rate in Santa Ines sheep by means of generalized linear models. We used the data from experimental sheep herd of Santa Ines, of the Federal University of Piaui, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, in Bom Jesus-PI, during 2008-2010. The environmental effects studied were: mating year, mating station, birth season, birth type, offspring sex, ewe age at birth, ewe weight at birth and birth weight as covariate. For statistical analysis we used the GENMOD procedure contained in SAS. Mean values for litter size and weaning rates were 1.36 and 68.18% respectively. The effect of ewe weight was significant about the litter size. There was no significant effect of birth season on the weaning rate. Correlations between productive and reproductive traits ranged from negative to positive low magnitude. The effects of ewe weight at birth and birth weight were important sources of variation for litter size and weaning rates, which reflects the need to consider these effects in models of genetic and phenotypic evaluation.(AU)

O objetivo com esta pesquisa foi estudar efeitos ambientais sobre a prolificidade e a taxa de desmame em ovinos Santa Inês, por meio de modelos lineares generalizados. Foram utilizados dados do rebanho experimental de ovinos da raça Santa Inês, da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Professora Cinobelina Elvas, em Bom Jesus-PI, no período de 2008 a 2010. Os efeitos ambientais estudados foram: ano de cobertura, Período de cobertura, Período de nascimento, tipo de nascimento, sexo da cria, idade da mãe ao parto, peso da mãe ao parto e peso ao nascer como covariável. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o procedimento GENMOD contido no programa SAS. Os valores médios de prolificidade e taxa de desmame foram respectivamente 1,36 e 68,18%. O efeito do peso da mãe ao parto foi significativo sobre a prolificidade. Observou-se efeito significativo de Período de nascimento sobre a taxa de desmame. As correlações entre características produtivas e reprodutivas variaram de negativas a positivas de baixa magnitude. Os efeitos de peso da mãe ao parto e peso ao nascer mostraram-se importantes fontes de variação para prolificidade e taxa de desmame, o que reflete a necessidade de considerar estes efeitos em modelos de avaliação genética e fenotípica.(AU)

Efeitos ambientais sobre características reprodutivas em ovinos Santa Inês

In this research we aimed to study environmental effects about litter size and weaning rate in Santa Ines sheep by means of generalized linear models. We used the data from experimental sheep herd of Santa Ines, of the Federal University of Piaui, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, in Bom Jesus-PI, during 2008-2010. The environmental effects studied were: mating year, mating station, birth season, birth type, offspring sex, ewe age at birth, ewe weight at birth and birth weight as covariate. For statistical analysis we used the GENMOD procedure contained in SAS. Mean values for litter size and weaning rates were 1.36 and 68.18% respectively. The effect of ewe weight was significant about the litter size. There was no significant effect of birth season on the weaning rate. Correlations between productive and reproductive traits ranged from negative to positive low magnitude. The effects of ewe weight at birth and birth weight were important sources of variation for litter size and weaning rates, which reflects the need to consider these effects in models of genetic and phenotypic evaluation.

O objetivo com esta pesquisa foi estudar efeitos ambientais sobre a prolificidade e a taxa de desmame em ovinos Santa Inês, por meio de modelos lineares generalizados. Foram utilizados dados do rebanho experimental de ovinos da raça Santa Inês, da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Professora Cinobelina Elvas, em Bom Jesus-PI, no período de 2008 a 2010. Os efeitos ambientais estudados foram: ano de cobertura, Período de cobertura, Período de nascimento, tipo de nascimento, sexo da cria, idade da mãe ao parto, peso da mãe ao parto e peso ao nascer como covariável. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o procedimento GENMOD contido no programa SAS. Os valores médios de prolificidade e taxa de desmame foram respectivamente 1,36 e 68,18%. O efeito do peso da mãe ao parto foi significativo sobre a prolificidade. Observou-se efeito significativo de Período de nascimento sobre a taxa de desmame. As correlações entre características produtivas e reprodutivas variaram de negativas a positivas de baixa magnitude. Os efeitos de peso da mãe ao parto e peso ao nascer mostraram-se importantes fontes de variação para prolificidade e taxa de desmame, o que reflete a necessidade de considerar estes efeitos em modelos de avaliação genética e fenotípica.

Desempenho reprodutivo de ovelhas mestiças lanadas e deslanadas submetidas a protocolo hormonal a base de progestágeno e eCG, durante a contraestação reprodutiva / Reproductive performance of woolly and hairless crossbred ewes treated with an exogenous progestagen and eCG hormone during the non-breeding season

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho reprodutivo de ovelhas mestiças lanadas e deslanadas submetidas a um protocolo hormonal a base de progestágeno e eCG durante a contraestação reprodutiva. Ovelhas mestiças (n=48), sem raça definida, foram divididas em dois tratamentos, considerando-se a presença (G-Lanada, n=25) ou ausência de lã (G-Deslanada, n=23). As ovelhas foram submetidas a um tratamento hormonal de indução/sincronização de estro, que consistiu na colocação do dispositivo intravaginal em dia aleatório do ciclo estral (D0). No D7, foi administrado eCG e d-cloprostenol. No D9, o dispositivo foi retirado e após 12 h os machos foram introduzidos no lote (proporção 1:6), nos dias 10, 11 e 12. Posteriormente, os machos foram separados das fêmeas por dez dias e então reintroduzidos no lote por mais 45 dias. A taxa de apresentação de estro e de prenhez resultantes da sincronização foi 84,0 e 36,0% vs. 87,0 e 56,6%, G-Lanada vs. G-Deslanada (p>0,05). A taxa de prenhez total, após repasse com os reprodutores foi 68,0 vs. 91,3%, G-Lanada vs. G-Deslanada (p<0,05). Conclui-se que ovelhas mestiças deslanadas tratadas com protocolo hormonal durante a contraestação apresentaram desempenho reprodutivo superior ao de ovelhas mestiças lanadas.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of woolly and hairless crossbred ewes treated with an exogenous progestagen and eCG hormone during the non-breeding season. Mixed breed ewes (n = 48) were assigned into two treatments considering the presence (G-Woolly, n = 25) or absence of wool (G-Hairless, n = 23). The ewes underwent hormone treatment to induction/synchronization of estrus, which consisted of the insertion of an intravaginal device randomly at the estrous cycle (D0). On Day 7, ewes were injected with eCG and d-cloprostenol. On Day 9, the device was removed and males were introduced into the herd (proportion of 1:6) twelve hours later during days 10, 11 and 12. After Day 12, males were separated from females for ten days and later reintroduced into the herd for 45 days. The rate of onset of estrus and the pregnancy rate from the synchronization was 84.0 and 36.0% vs. 87.0 and 56.6%, G-Woolly vs. G-Hairless (p> 0.05). The total pregnancy rate after male reintroduction was 68.0 vs. 91.3%, G-Woolly vs. G-Hairless (p< 0.05). In conclusion hairless crossbred ewes treated with the exogenous progestagen and eCG hormone during the non-breeding season presented higher reproductive performance compared to woolly crossbred ones.

Reproductive performance of woolly and hairless crossbred ewes treated with an exogenous progestagen and eCG hormone during the non-breeding season / Desempenho reprodutivo de ovelhas mestiças lanadas e deslanadas submetidas a protocolo hormonal a base de progestágeno e eCG, durante a contraestação reprodutiva

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of woolly and hairless crossbred ewes treated with an exogenous progestagen and eCG hormone during the non-breeding season. Mixed breed ewes (n = 48) were assigned into two treatments considering the presence (G-Woolly, n = 25) or absence of wool (G-Hairless, n = 23). The ewes underwent hormone treatment to induction/synchronization of estrus, which consisted of the insertion of an intravaginal device randomly at the estrous cycle (D0). On Day 7, ewes were injected with eCG and d-cloprostenol. On Day 9, the device was removed and males were introduced into the herd (proportion of 1:6) twelve hours later during days 10, 11 and 12. After Day 12, males were separated from females for ten days and later reintroduced into the herd for 45 days. The rate of onset of estrus and the pregnancy rate from the synchronization was 84.0 and 36.0% vs. 87.0 and 56.6%, G-Woolly vs. G-Hairless (p> 0.05). The total pregnancy rate after male reintroduction was 68.0 vs. 91.3%, G-Woolly vs. G-Hairless (p 0.05). In conclusion hairless crossbred ewes treated with the exogenous progestagen and eCG hormone during the non-breeding season presented higher reproductive performance compared to woolly crossbred ones.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho reprodutivo de ovelhas mestiças lanadas e deslanadas submetidas a um protocolo hormonal a base de progestágeno e eCG durante a contraestação reprodutiva. Ovelhas mestiças (n=48), sem raça definida, foram divididas em dois tratamentos, considerando-se a presença (G-Lanada, n=25) ou ausência de lã (G-Deslanada, n=23). As ovelhas foram submetidas a um tratamento hormonal de indução/sincronização de estro, que consistiu na colocação do dispositivo intravaginal em dia aleatório do ciclo estral (D0). No D7, foi administrado eCG e d-cloprostenol. No D9, o dispositivo foi retirado e após 12 h os machos foram introduzidos no lote (proporção 1:6), nos dias 10, 11 e 12. Posteriormente, os machos foram separados das fêmeas por dez dias e então reintroduzidos no lote por mais 45 dias. A taxa de apresentação de estro e de prenhez resultantes da sincronização foi 84,0 e 36,0% vs. 87,0 e 56,6%, G-Lanada vs. G-Deslanada (p>0,05). A taxa de prenhez total, após repasse com os reprodutores foi 68,0 vs. 91,3%, G-Lanada vs. G-Deslanada (p 0,05).Conclui-se que ovelhas mestiças deslanadas tratadas com protocolo hormonal durante a contraestação apresentaram desempenho reprodutivo superior ao de ovelhas mestiças lanadas.

Reproductive performance of woolly and hairless crossbred ewes treated with an exogenous progestagen and eCG hormone during the non-breeding season / Desempenho reprodutivo de ovelhas mestiças lanadas e deslanadas submetidas a protocolo hormonal a base de progestágeno e eCG, durante a contraestação reprodutiva

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of woolly and hairless crossbred ewes treated with an exogenous progestagen and eCG hormone during the non-breeding season. Mixed breed ewes (n = 48) were assigned into two treatments considering the presence (G-Woolly, n = 25) or absence of wool (G-Hairless, n = 23). The ewes underwent hormone treatment to induction/synchronization of estrus, which consisted of the insertion of an intravaginal device randomly at the estrous cycle (D0). On Day 7, ewes were injected with eCG and d-cloprostenol. On Day 9, the device was removed and males were introduced into the herd (proportion of 1:6) twelve hours later during days 10, 11 and 12. After Day 12, males were separated from females for ten days and later reintroduced into the herd for 45 days. The rate of onset of estrus and the pregnancy rate from the synchronization was 84.0 and 36.0% vs. 87.0 and 56.6%, G-Woolly vs. G-Hairless (p> 0.05). The total pregnancy rate after male reintroduction was 68.0 vs. 91.3%, G-Woolly vs. G-Hairless (p 0.05). In conclusion hairless crossbred ewes treated with the exogenous progestagen and eCG hormone during the non-breeding season presented higher reproductive performance compared to woolly crossbred ones.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho reprodutivo de ovelhas mestiças lanadas e deslanadas submetidas a um protocolo hormonal a base de progestágeno e eCG durante a contraestação reprodutiva. Ovelhas mestiças (n=48), sem raça definida, foram divididas em dois tratamentos, considerando-se a presença (G-Lanada, n=25) ou ausência de lã (G-Deslanada, n=23). As ovelhas foram submetidas a um tratamento hormonal de indução/sincronização de estro, que consistiu na colocação do dispositivo intravaginal em dia aleatório do ciclo estral (D0). No D7, foi administrado eCG e d-cloprostenol. No D9, o dispositivo foi retirado e após 12 h os machos foram introduzidos no lote (proporção 1:6), nos dias 10, 11 e 12. Posteriormente, os machos foram separados das fêmeas por dez dias e então reintroduzidos no lote por mais 45 dias. A taxa de apresentação de estro e de prenhez resultantes da sincronização foi 84,0 e 36,0% vs. 87,0 e 56,6%, G-Lanada vs. G-Deslanada (p>0,05). A taxa de prenhez total, após repasse com os reprodutores foi 68,0 vs. 91,3%, G-Lanada vs. G-Deslanada (p 0,05).Conclui-se que ovelhas mestiças deslanadas tratadas com protocolo hormonal durante a contraestação apresentaram desempenho reprodutivo superior ao de ovelhas mestiças lanadas.

Avaliação genética de características de crescimento de ovinos Santa Inês utilizando modelos de regressão aleatória / Genetic evaluation of growth traits of Santa Inês hair sheep using random regression models

Foram utilizados registros de pesos do nascimento aos 196 dias de idade de 927 cordeiros da raça Santa Inês, controlados de 1983 a 2000, com os objetivos de estimar parâmetros genéticos e predizer valores genéticos dos animais por meio de modelos de regressão aleatória e compará-los aos obtidos por meio de modelos bicaracterísticas. Os modelos de regressão aleatória foram ajustados por intermédio de polinômios de Legendre. As estimativas de herdabilidade do efeito genético direto aumentaram do nascimento aos 196 dias de idade. As herdabilidades para o efeito materno aumentaram do nascimento aos 56 dias, decrescendo em seguida com a idade. As herdabilidades para o efeito direto obtidas pelas análises bicaracterísticas e regressão aleatória apresentaram tendência oposta. As estimativas obtidas pelas análises bicaracterísticas decresceram do nascimento aos 196 dias de idade, e as obtidas pelos modelos de regressão aleatória aumentaram. As herdabilidades para efeito materno estimadas pelos modelos de regressão aleatória e bicaracterísticas apresentaram o mesmo comportamento, porém em diferentes magnitudes. A correlação de ordem entre os valores genéticos preditos pelos dois modelos foi baixa. As estimativas de herdabilidade e correlações genéticas obtidas pelo modelo de regressão aleatória foram mais coerentes quando comparadas àquelas obtidas pelo modelo bicaracterística.(AU)

Records on weights from birth to 196 days of age of 927 lambs of Santa Ines hairless sheep, from 1983 to 2000, were used to estimate genetic parameters and to predict breeding values by random regression models and to compare these estimates with those obtained by two-traits model. The random regression models were fitted by quadratic and cubic orthogonal Legendre polynomials. The heritability estimates of direct effect increased from birth to 196 days of age. The heritabilities for the maternal effect increased from birth to 56 days, and decreased after that age. The heritabilities for direct effect obtained by two-trait and random regression analyses showed opposite tendency. While the estimates obtained by two-trait analyses decreased from birth to 196 days of age, those obtained by random regression models increased. The heritabilities for maternal effect, obtained by both models, showed the same behavior, however with different magnitude. The Spearman correlation between estimated breeding values by both models was low. The heritability and genetic correlations estimated by random regression model were more consistent than those estimated by two-trait model.(AU)

The effect of topical minoxidil treatment on hair follicular growth of neonatal hairless descendants of Mexican hairless dogs.

The effect of daily topical minoxidil treatment on hair growth was investigated in eight neonatal hairless pups. After 21 days of minoxidil treatment, hair growth occurred in the minoxidil-treated areas of each neonatal hairless pup. The numbers of hairs in the treated areas increased as compared with that in the areas treated with vehicle only. Histological findings revealed that the skin treated with minoxidil contained many hair follicles derived from epidermal ingrowths (hair germs) projecting into the dermis. These hair follicles showed various stages of neofolliculogenesis. After 31 days of treatment, terminal hair growth was observed. In the minoxidil-untreated areas, epidermal ingrowths remained undifferentiated. These results revealed that hairless dogs developed hair growth reactions following minoxidil-treatment when such treatment is applied in the early neonatal period. Neonatal hairless pups are a useful model for evaluating the effectiveness of hair growth stimulators.

Protective Effects of Sunscreens on Sunburn and Suntan Reactions in Cross-bred Mexican Hairless Dogs.

Résumé- Les réponses cutanées à l'exposition solaire (radiations UV: 290-400 nm) et l'effet protecteur de deux sortes d'écrans solaires vis-à-vis des coups de soleil et du bronzage ont étéétudié chez des chiens nus descendants de chiens nus Méxicains par trois méthodes (colorimétrie, comptage des mélanocytes DOPA positifs et histologie cutanée). Après la premiére exposition aux UV, alors qu'aucune modification de couleur de la peau (érythème) n'était constatée, les modifications histologiques étaient patentes. Ensuite, après une exposition prolongée, les modifications de couleur étaient nettes (bronzage) et corrélées avec le nombre de mélanocytes DOPA-positifs. Après le troisième jour d'exposition, les mélanocytes étaient retrouvés dans tout l'épiderme des sites non protégés par les écrans solaires et aucune modification de la couleur ni des nombres de mélanocytes n'a été observé dans les zones protégées par les écrans solaires. Histologiquement, seules des modifications mineures ont été notées après 3 à 6 jours d'irradiation UV et il existait des diférences significatives selon la valeur de protection des différents écrans solaires. Par conséquent les écrans solaires protègent efficacement la peau de chiens nus des coups de soleil et du bronzage induits par les expositions solaires. [Kimura, T., Doi, K. Protective effects of sunscreens on sunburn and suntan reactions in cross-bred Mexican hairless dogs (Effet protectuer des écrans solaires vis-à-vis du bronzage et des coups de soleil chez les chiens nus méxicains et croisés). Resumen- Se estudiaron las respuestas cutáneas a la exposición solar (radiación UV 290-400 nm) y los efectos protectores de dos tipos de pantallas solares sobre las quemaduras y bronceados solares en descendientes pelones de perros Pelones Mejicanos utilizando tres métodos distintos [colorimetría, histología y contaje de melanocitos positivos a la dihidroxifenilalanina (DOPA)]. Después de la primera exposición a la radiación UV no se detectó cambio en la coloración de la piel (eritema) aunque si se observaron alteraciones histológicas. Posteriormente, tras sucesivas exposiciones, los cambios de coloración se hicieron visibles (bronceado) y se halló correlación con el número de melanocitos DOPA-positivos. En el tercer dia de exposición, se detectaban melanocitos en toda la epidermis de las zonas desprotejidas pero no se observó ningún cambio de coloración ni aumento de melanocitos en las zonas protejidas por pantallas solares. Histológicamente sólo se detectaron ligeros cambios en la piel protejida al cabo de 3 y 6 dias de radiación UV y existian diferencias entre zonas protejidas con pantallas de diferentes valores SPF. Concluimos que las pantallas solares protegieron la piel de los perros pelones de las quemaduras y bronceado solares. [Kimura, T., Doi, K. Protective effects of sunscreens on sunburn and suntan reactions in cross-bred Mexican hairless dogs (Effectos protectores de las pantallas solares sobre las quemaduras y bronceados solares en perros Pelones Mejicanos cruzados). Zusammenfassung- Es wurden die Hautreaktionen auf Sonnenbestrahlung (UV-Strahlen von 290-400 nm) und die Schutzwirkung von 2 Arten von Sonnenschutzmitteln auf Sonnenbrand und Verfärhungsreaktionen bei haarlosen Abkümmlingen von Mexikanischen Nackthunden mittels dreier Methoden untersucht (Colorimeter, Dihydroxyphenylalanin (DOPA)-positiver Melanozytenzählung und Hauthistologie). Nach der ersten Exposition gegenüber UV-Strahlung konnten histologiesche Veränderungen festgestellt werden, obwohl keine Veränderung der Hautfarbe (Erythem) sichtbar war. Bei der darauffolgenden Exposition traten Farbveränderungen auf (Verfärbungen) und korrelierten mit den Veränderungen der Zahl der festgestellten DOPA-positiven Melanozyten. Am dritten Tag der Exposition konnten Melanozyten in der Epidermis an nicht durch Sonnenschutz bedeckten Stellen festgestellt werden, während an den son-nengeschützten Stellen weder Farbveränderungen noch Melanozytenvermehrung stattfanden. Histologisch konnten auch nach 0 bis 6 Tagen Bestrahlung nur geringgradige Veränderungen in der behandelten Haut ermittell werdem. Es bestanden Unterschiede zwischen Stellen mit Sonneschutzmitteln verschiedener Lichtschutzfaktoren. Sonnenschutzmittel schützen also die Haut von haarlosen. Hurden gegen Sonnenbrand und Verfärbungereaktionen, die durch Sonnenbestrahlung ausgelöst wird. [Protective effects of sunscreens on sunburn and suntan reactions in cross-bred Mexican hairless dogs (Auswirkung von Sonnenschutzmitteln auf Sonnenbrand und Ver färbungsreaktionen bei Mischlingen von Mexikanischen Nackthunden). Abstract- Skin responses to solar exposure (UV radiation: 290-400 nm) and protective effects of two kinds of sunscreens on sunburn and suntan reactions were examined in hairless descendants of Mexican hairless dogs using three methods [colorimeter, dihydroxyphenylalanin (DOPA)-positive melanocyte count and skin histology]. After the first exposure to UV irradiation, while skin color change (erythema) was not detected, histologic changes were apparent. Thereafter, with subsequent exposure, color changes were apparent (tanning) and correlated with changes in numbers of DOPA-positive melanocytes detected. By the third day of exposure, melanocytes were detected throughout the epidermis in sites unprotected by sunscreens but no color change nor increase in melanocytes was noted in sunscreen-protected sites. Histologically, only minor changes were noted in treated skin after 3 and 6 days of UV irradiation, and there were differences between sites treated with sunscreens of different SPF values. Thus, sunscreens effectively protected the skin of hairless dogs from sunburn and suntan reactions induced by solar exposure.