RESUMO
Introducción: La preparación y superación de los especialistas en Medicina General Integral constituye un imperativo para dar respuesta al perfeccionamiento de los procesos docentes educativos en la Atención Primaria, donde el Análisis de la Situación de Salud emerge como herramienta científica metodológica, que permite conocer los problemas de salud de las poblaciones y trazar acciones en función de resolverlos. Objetivo: Diseñar un curso de posgrado para enseñar los componentes metodológicos que se deben tener en cuenta durante la confección del análisis de la situación de salud. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación de desarrollo, educativa, entre los meses de mayo y julio de 2019. Se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos en función de la revisión bibliográfica y documental; se realizó análisis, síntesis y contrastación de criterios a partir de los materiales revisados y los criterios de los autores; y se estimaron aportes de especialistas en Medicina General Integral de acuerdo con el criterio de expertos. Resultados: Se diseñó un curso dirigido a especialistas en Medicina General Integral, integrado por cuatro temas, con un enfoque activo y participativo, a través de diferentes formas de enseñanza-aprendizaje, donde el trabajo grupal estimuló una actitud reflexiva y crítica en los profesionales de la salud. Conclusiones: El curso contribuyó a la superación de los especialistas en Medicina General Integral sobre los aspectos metodológicos para la confección del Análisis de la Situación de Salud, lo que les proporcionó un mejor desempeño en la confección de este, y en función de la formación de los recursos humanos en ciencias médicas(AU)
Introduction: The training and professional development of Comprehensive General Medicine specialists is an imperative for the improvement of teaching-learning processes in primary health care, where the Health Status Analysis report is a scientific methodological tool useful to gain insight into the health problems of the population and to devise the actions required to solve them. Objective: Design a course dealing with the methodological aspects involved in developing the Health Status Analysis report. Methods: A development educational study was conducted from May to July 2019. Bibliographic and document review was based on theoretical and empirical methods. Criterion analysis, synthesis and comparison was performed of the materials reviewed and the author's opinions. Contributions by Comprehensive General Medicine specialists were looked into in keeping with expert criteria. Results: A course was designed which is intended for Comprehensive General Medicine specialists. The course covers four topics, and has an active, participative approach. A variety of teaching-learning modes are used, in which team work fosters the development of a reflexive, critical attitude among health professionals. Conclusions: The course contributed to the professional development of Comprehensive General Medicine specialists in the area of the methodological aspects to be complied with when developing the Health Status Analysis report. This resulted in better performance in the task and improved training of medical sciences human resources(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Competência Profissional , Diagnóstico da Situação de Saúde , Educação de Pós-Graduação , Cursos de Capacitação , Especialização , Medicina Geral/educaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Clinical documents reflect a patient's health status in terms of observations and contain objective information such as descriptions of examination results, diagnoses and interventions. To evaluate this information properly, assessing positive or negative clinical outcomes or judging the impact of a medical condition on patient's well being are essential. Although methods of sentiment analysis have been developed to address these tasks, they have not yet found broad application in the medical domain. METHODS AND MATERIAL: In this work, we characterize the facets of sentiment in the medical sphere and identify potential use cases. Through a literature review, we summarize the state of the art in healthcare settings. To determine the linguistic peculiarities of sentiment in medical texts and to collect open research questions of sentiment analysis in medicine, we perform a quantitative assessment with respect to word usage and sentiment distribution of a dataset of clinical narratives and medical social media derived from six different sources. RESULTS: Word usage in clinical narratives differs from that in medical social media: Nouns predominate. Even though adjectives are also frequently used, they mainly describe body locations. Between 12% and 15% of sentiment terms are determined in medical social media datasets when applying existing sentiment lexicons. In contrast, in clinical narratives only between 5% and 11% opinionated terms were identified. This proves the less subjective use of language in clinical narratives, requiring adaptations to existing methods for sentiment analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Medical sentiment concerns the patient's health status, medical conditions and treatment. Its analysis and extraction from texts has multiple applications, even for clinical narratives that remained so far unconsidered. Given the varying usage and meanings of terms, sentiment analysis from medical documents requires a domain-specific sentiment source and complementary context-dependent features to be able to correctly interpret the implicit sentiment.
