Post-COVID-19: Hematological Factors Changes in Patients at Three-- time Intervals.

INTRODUCTION: Hematological parameters are crucial factors in disease severity and chronic condition pathogenesis. We aimed to evaluate the hematological factors in different severity stages of COVID-19 at different time intervals. METHODS: Serum samples were collected from 470 patients (235 men and 235 women) with a confirmed RT-qPCR COVID-19 test exhibiting moderate, severe, and critical symptoms based on WHO criteria. Samples were collected at three-time intervals, including the first: the 1st days of infection, 2nd: the one month after, and 3rd: the three months after disease onset. Total WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, RBC counting, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, hsCRP levels, G6PD deficiency, and hemoglobinopathies were determined in all patients. RESULTS: Total WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, RBC counting, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, and hsCRP levels were significantly changed with different disease severity (p<0.0001). Also, there were significant differences between different time intervals for WBC and RBC parameters (p<0.0001) except for monocytes and eosinophils. At all time intervals, there are significant changes in levels of hematological and hsCRP based on gender. Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between disease severity, age, and BMI (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Significant differences in hematological parameter and inflammatory parameter levels based on disease severity, time intervals, and gender revealed the importance of evaluating these factors in the management of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, in patients during and post-disease times.

Assessment of the digestibility, growth performance, hematological and serum biochemical profile of Bandjock Local Pigs (BLP) and Duroc X Large White pigs (DLW).

The study aimed to assess the digestibility, growth performance, and selected biochemical and hematological parameters of Bandjock Local pigs (BLP) and Duroc X Large White pigs (DLW). We hypothesize that the use of local ingredients in diet formulation associated to improved rearing conditions, enhance the growth performance, digestibility, biochemical and hematological parameters of BLP. The trial involved dividing twenty-four eight-week-old weaner pigs into two groups. Each group was randomly assigned to separate pig units. Animal management and feeding were consistent between both groups. The trial lasted for 120 days during which the growth performance, the digestibility of ingested nutrients, and biochemical and hematological parameters were evaluated. The results indicate that DLW pigs registered a weight gain (46.56±5.19 kg) significantly higher than BLP pigs (34.02), with a statistically similar feed conversion ratio. Except for albumin which was significantly higher in DLW and urea in BLP, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in total protein, cholesterol, globulin, triglycerides, creatinine, AST, and ALT as well as hematological parameters between the breeds. However, the exotic DLW had a relatively high mean blood platelets and white blood cell concentration. Although the fecal nitrogen was higher in BLP and the urinary nitrogen was lower in the DLW, there were significant differences (p < 0.05) for urine, fecal, and total excreted nitrogen in both breeds. The lowest scores in nutrient digestibility were recorded with BLP compared to DWL, except for crude fibers. The results of this study demonstrated that using diet formulated with local ingredients and improved rearing conditions, Cameroonian local indigenous pigs have a better productivity compared to exotic breeds. It suggests that efforts should be made by authorities to promote and valorize the rearing of indigenous pigs in complement to exotic pig breeds in view of strengthening the Cameroonian pig industry.

Routine antenatal molecular testing for α-thalassemia at a tertiary referral hospital in China: ten years of experience.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of α-thalassemia gene testing as a part of an antenatal intervention program over a 10-year period. Methods: All patients underwent α-thalassemia gene testing, which included the analysis of three types of deletions and mutations. Rare α-thalassemia gene testing was performed using Sanger sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and sequencing techniques. Prenatal diagnosis was performed in high-risk couples using chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis. Results: From 2010 to 2019, among the 91,852 patients examined, α-thalassemia mutations were identified in 41.78% of patients. The most frequent α0 gene mutation was--SEA, followed by--THAI. Two rare α0-thalassemia gene mutations at --32.8 and --230, were also observed. A total of 2,235 high-risk couples were identified, of which 562 were affected, including three with the--SEA/--THAI genotype and one with the--SEA/--230 genotype. Additionally, prenatal diagnosis revealed four cases of fetal anemia and/or mild edema, along with two cases of severe fetal edema. Chromosome and gene chip results were normal. Thalassemia gene testing showed an αCSα/αCSα genotype in four patients with anemia and/or mild edema, while two patients with severe fetal edema had one--SEA/αCSα genotype and one--SEA/--GX genotype. Using the cut-off points of 74.6 fL and 24.4 pg as criteria for identifying α0-thalassemia carriers and HbH disease, the detection rate of missed diagnoses in high-risk couples is consistent with national guidelines for standards, potentially saving 10,217,700 ¥. Conclusion: Routine molecular testing for α-thalassemia in high-risk prenatal populations effectively prevented severe α-thalassemia births. Despite the high cost, the cutoff points proposed by this study suggest that implementing screening using a new parameter has the potential to reduce current expenses.

Hematological parameters to predict post-COVID-19 immune response among vaccinated and nonvaccinated individuals: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Background: This study finds the changes in the hematological parameters of healthy individuals to predict the immune status against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among COVID -19 vaccinated and nonvaccinated individuals. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study among 210 healthy individuals was conducted. All individuals were divided into three groups, that is, IgG positive, IgG negative, and IgG and IgM positive, based on ELISA. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 25 for Windows. Results: A statistically significant effect was found among the three groups in terms of mean levels of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red blood cells (RBC), RDW-CV, lymphocyte, neutrophil, eosinophils, and basophil count. The study also showed that 52.8% (n=74) had neither taken vaccination nor had any history of previous COVID-19 infection but were IgG antibody positive. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant difference among hematological parameters between immune and nonimmune groups, and it can predict the COVID-19 immune status.

A randomized controlled trial of sweet basil leaf powder-enriched cookies for anemia management in adolescent girls.

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sweet basil leaf powder as a natural source of iron for the treatment of anemia in adolescent girls. Purposive sampling technique of two-stage sampling; part of the nonprobability sampling approach. Out of 2400 approached adolescent girls, 1645 agreed to participate and their nutritional status was assessed. Of these, 89.95% had clinical signs and symptoms of anemia, and 59.79% were found to be anemic based on Hb levels. From the anemic group, 65.18% were randomly selected to receive either B0 (Control), B1 (12.699 g FeSO4.7H2O/100 g), and B3 (16 g SBLP/100 g) cookies for 4 months. At the end of the intervention, the assessment of nutritional status, complete blood count, serum iron, serum ferritin, serum total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation was explored. Hematological parameters such as Hb, Hct, TIBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, serum iron, and serum ferritin were significant (p ≤ .05). The result showed that the serum Fe was highest in group B3 while a significant decline was noted for group B0. Serum ferritin for B1 was better than B3. The entire treatment for transferrin saturation showed a highly significant increasing trend in B3 and B1, regardless of the control. TIBC levels raised in the control group while in all other treatments, it declined. The study demonstrated that SBLP-fortified cookies can be an effective treatment option for anemia, as evidenced by significant improvements in key hematological parameters.

The role of hematological parameters in asymptomatic and non-severe cases of Omicron variant infection.

BACKGROUND: Omicron variants are currently the predominant circulating lineage worldwide and most cases are mild or asymptomatic. The Omicron variant is characterized by high transmissibility and immune evasion. Early identification of Omicron cases in clinical settings is crucial for controlling its spread. Previous studies have indicated that changes in hematological parameters can be used to predict the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the role of hematological parameters in non-severe and asymptomatic cases remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of hematological parameters in non-severe and asymptomatic Omicron variant infections. METHODS: Hematological parameters and results were analyzed and compared in symptomatic (n = 356) and asymptomatic (n = 171) groups respectively, and between these two groups with positive COVID-19 tests. The utility of hematological parameters for predicting positive COVID-19 tests was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: Individuals with non-severe cases exhibited decreased levels of platelets, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes (%), eosinophils (%), and basophils (%), while exhibiting elevated counts of monocytes, neutrophils (%), monocytes (%), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) when compared to suspected cases or asymptomatic carriers. In asymptomatic patients, positive carriers had lower leukocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts but higher monocyte, monocyte (%), PLR, and CRP levels than negative carriers. Basophil counts combined with lymphocytes or the PLR demonstrated a more significant predictive value in screening non-severe cases earlier compared to other parameters. The combined assessment of the monocyte (%) and the PLR had the highest area under the curve for diagnosing asymptomatic carriers. CONCLUSIONS: Circulating basophils, alone or in combination with other hematological parameters, may be used as efficient biomarkers for early screening of non-severe Omicron cases.

Corrigendum: Analysis of hematological indicators via explainable artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of acute heart failure: a retrospective study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1285067.].

Retrospective study of a novel hematological parameter for predicting the survival of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the prognostic values of routine pre-treatment hematological parameters in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: The hematological parameters and clinical data of patients with NPC were collected from January 2012 to December 2013 at Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. The survival statistics were obtained by regularly following-up the patients. The cut-off values for the hematological parameters were calculated using X-tile software. SPSS version 24.0 was used for the statistical analysis. The relationship between the hematological parameters and the prognosis of patients with NPC was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox multivariate regression. The discriminating abilities of the factors, which predict the prognosis, were evaluated by utilizing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC). Results: This study included 179 patients with NPC. Multivariate analysis shows that pretreatment platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR; hazard ratio; HR = 0.44, 95% CI [0.21-0.91], p = 0.029), serum albumin (ALB; HR = 2.49, 95% CI [1.17-5.30], p = 0.018), and globulin (GLO; HR = 0.44, 95% CI [0.21-0.90], p = 0.024) are independent predictors for 5-year overall survival (OS) in patients with NPC. In addition, pre-treatment PLR (HR = 0.47, 95% CI [0.25-0.90], p = 0.022) and pre-treatment GLO (HR = 0.37, 95% CI [0.19-0.72], p = 0.001) are associated with 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with NPC. Based on the results of the multivariate analysis, we proposed a new biomarker GLO-PLR, which is observably correlated with the T stage, N stage and clinical stage in patients with NPC. The OS resolving ability of the GLO-PLR evaluated by AUC is 0.714, which is better than those of GLO and PLR. The PFS resolving ability of the GLO-PLR evaluated by AUC was 0.696, which is also better than those of GLO and PLR. Conclusion: Pre-treatment PLR, ALB, and GLO are independent predictors of 5-year OS in patients with NPC, where PLR and GLO are also independent predictors of 5-year FPS. Compared with other hematological parameters, the proposed GLO-PLR is an inexpensive, effective, objective, and easy-to-measure marker for predicting the prognosis of NPC.

Correlations between Gut Microbiota and Hematological, Inflammatory, Biochemical and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Treatment-Naïve Psoriasis Patients.

Psoriasis is an inflammatory dermatosis with a complex pathogenesis, significantly impacting the quality of life of patients. The role of oxidative stress and gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of this disease is increasingly studied, appearing to underlie the comorbidities associated with this condition. We present the first prospective observational study conducted in Romania evaluating the interrelationship between gut microbiota and hematological, inflammatory, biochemical, and oxidative stress parameters in treatment-naïve psoriasis patients. Significant differences were observed in terms of microbiota composition, with lower levels of Firmicutes and Enterobacteriaceae in the psoriasis group compared to the control group. Moreover, a negative correlation was found between the serum triglyceride levels in patients with psoriasis and the Enterobacteriaceae family (p = 0.018, r = -0.722), and a positive correlation was found between the serum glucose levels and the Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio (p = 0.03, r = 0.682). Regarding the oxidant-antioxidant status, a significant correlation was found between the FORT level and Lactobacillus (p = 0.034, r = 0.669). Lastly, the Firmicutes level negatively correlated with the DLQI level, independent of the clinical severity of the disease (p = 0.02, r = -0.685). In conclusion, even though the number of included patients is small, these results may serve as a starting point for future research into the involvement of the microbiota-inflammation-oxidative stress axis in psoriasis development.

Retrospective Evaluation of Hematological Parameters in COVID-19 Patients: Insights From the Emergency Department.

BACKGROUND: This retrospective study evaluated hematological parameters in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients to gain clinical insights. METHODS: Data from the Emergency Department of Samtah General Hospital, Samtah, Saudi Arabia, were analyzed, focusing on the parameters measured during hospital admission. This study was conducted between April 2020 and October 2021. Associations between hematological parameters and COVID-19 outcomes were examined in 153 participants, including 23 deceased individuals. RESULTS: The chi-square test results indicated no significant associations (P >0.05) between sex, body mass index (BMI), age, and disease outcome in the study population. However, a significant association was observed between neutrophil percentage and disease outcome, whereas no significant associations were found for red blood cell count, hemoglobin level, monocyte percentage, eosinophil percentage, and basophil percentage. Cox regression analysis revealed a significant association between neutrophil count (considered a categorical covariate) and survival outcomes (P = 0.030). However, specific neutrophil categories (50-70 and >70) were not significantly associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS: Integrating hematological parameters into COVID-19 clinical guidelines and decision-support tools holds promise for enhancing patient care and outcomes.

Comparison of Hemopoietic Biochemical Parameters in the First, Second, and Third Trimester of Pregnant Females Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Rajasthan.

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women constitute a high-risk group for nutrient deficiency anemia which may be associated with detrimental effects on maternal and infant health. OBJECTIVES:  This study aimed to assess and compare hematological and biochemical changes across trimesters in pregnant women, considering parameters such as hemoglobin, serum iron, unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), ferritin, vitamin B12, and folic acid. The research sought to identify mean value differences, correlations, and potential implications for maternal healthcare practices. METHODS:  A hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted, involving 60 primigravida women with singleton pregnancies. The subjects were assessed during the first, second, and third trimesters. Biochemical parameters were assessed using standard methods, and statistical analysis was performed to identify significance and correlations. RESULTS:  The study revealed a significant decline in hemoglobin, serum iron, ferritin, vitamin B12, and folic acid as pregnancy advanced. Hemoglobin levels decreased from 11.40 g/dl (first trimester) to 10.43 g/dl (third trimester). Serum iron exhibited a decline from 109.73 µg/dl (first trimester) to 94.03 µg/dl (third trimester). Serum ferritin decreased from 24.93 ng/ml (first trimester) to 18.21 ng/ml (third trimester). Vitamin B12 levels dropped from 255.92 pg/ml (first trimester) to 92.13 pg/ml (third trimester). Folic acid levels decreased from 13.82 ng/ml (first trimester) to 11.77 ng/ml (third trimester). UIBC and TIBC concentrations increased progressively across trimesters. Statistical evaluations confirmed the significance of these trends. The coefficient of correlation indicated positive relationships between hemoglobin and serum iron, ferritin, folic acid, and vitamin B12. Positive correlation between serum iron and ferritin, vitamin B12, and negative with folic acid. Serum ferritin negatively correlated with vitamin B12 and folic acid. Serum folic acid and vitamin B12 are positively correlated. CONCLUSION:  The findings emphasize the dynamic nature of hematological and biochemical changes during pregnancy. The observed trends have profound implications for maternal healthcare practices, urging targeted interventions, early monitoring, and supportive supplementation. Recognizing these variations contributes to the optimization of health outcomes for both mother and child.

Effects of Five Dietary Carbohydrate Sources on Growth, Glucose Metabolism, Antioxidant Capacity and Immunity of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides).

This study investigated the effects of glucose (GLU), tapioca starch (TS), gelatinized tapioca starch (GTS), potato starch (PS) and gelatinized potato starch (GPS) on growth and physiological responses in juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. After 8 weeks, fish fed with starch diets had better weight gain and growth rates. Counts of red blood cells and monocytes were increased in the PS and GPS groups, compared to GLU group. Contents of serum triglyceride and total cholesterol were markedly elevated in the TS, PS and GPS groups. There were lower levels of serum glucose, insulin and cholecystokinin, and higher agouti-related peptide contents in the PS group compared to GLU group. PS and GPS could enhance glycolysis and TCA cycle by increasing their enzyme activities and transcriptional levels. Additionally, starch sources markedly heightened mRNA levels of key genes involved in the respiratory electron transport chain. Additionally, elevated mRNA levels of key antioxidant genes were shown in the TS and GTS groups. Moreover, TS and PS could promote immunity by upregulating transcriptional levels of the complement system, lysozyme and hepcidin. Taken together, starch exhibited better growth via increasing glycolysis and TCA cycle compared with GLU, and PS could improve antioxidant and immune capacities in largemouth bass.

The Response of the Amputee Athlete Heart to Chronic Core Exercise: A Study on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters, and N-Terminal Pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide.

Background and Objectives: mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular causes are frequently experienced in amputees. Research on the effects of chronic exercise on biomarkers and cardiac damage indicators in these individuals is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a core training program on brain natriuretic-related peptide, as well as hematological and biochemical parameters in amputee soccer players. Materials and Methods: The participants were randomly allocated to the following two groups: a core exercise group (CEG) and a control group (CG). While the CG continued routine soccer training, the CEG group was included in a core exercise program different from this group. During the study, routine hemogram parameters of the participants, various biochemical markers, and the concentration of brain natriuretic-related peptide (NT-pro-BNP) were analyzed. Results: after the training period, notable improvements in various hematological parameters were observed in both groups. In the CEG, there were significant enhancements in red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values. Similarly, the CG also showed substantial improvements in RBC, HCT, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), MCHC, MCH, red cell distribution width-standard deviation (RDW-SD), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLCR), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW). Moreover, in the CEG, serum triglycerides (TG) and maximal oxygen uptake (MaxVO2) exhibited significant increases. Conversely, TG levels decreased in the CG, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and MaxVO2 levels demonstrated substantial elevations. Notably, the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels did not undergo significant changes in either the CEG or the CG following the core exercise program (p > 0.05). However, in the CEG, a meaningful positive correlation was observed between NT-pro-BNP and creatine kinase (CK) levels before and after the core exercise program. Conclusions: the findings emphasized the potential benefits of core training in enhancing specific physiological aspects, such as erythrocyte-related parameters and lipid metabolism, as well as aerobic capacity. Furthermore, the observed correlation between NT-pro-BNP and CK levels in the CEG provides intriguing insights into the unique physiological adaptations of amputee athletes.

Unraveling the Complexity of Vaso-Occlusive Crises in Sickle Cell Disease: Insights from a Resource-Limited Setting.

Background/Objectives: This study investigated vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) in sickle cell disease in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo, aiming to understand the disease complexities amidst limited resources. With sickle cell hemoglobinopathies on the rise in sub-Saharan Africa, this nine-year study explored factors associated with VOCs and hematological components. Methods: This study comprised 838 patients, analyzing VOCs and hematological changes over time. Demographic characteristics and blood composition changes were carefully categorized. A total of 2910 crises were observed and managed, with analyses conducted on severity, localization, and age groups using statistical methods. Results: The majority of crises were mild or moderate, primarily affecting osteoarticular regions. Statistical analysis revealed significant disparities in crisis intensity based on location and age. The association between blood samples and the number of comorbidities was investigated. Significant positive associations were found for all parameters, except monocytes, indicating a potential link between blood variables and complication burden. Survival analysis using Cox regression was performed to predict the probability of experiencing a second crisis. No significant effects of medication or localization were observed. However, intensity (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001), and gender (p < 0.001) showed significant effects. Adjusted Hazard Ratios indicated increased risk with age and male gender and reduced risk with mild or severe crisis intensity compared to light. Conclusions: This research sheds light on the complexities of VOCs in resource-limited settings where sickle cell disease is prevalent. The intricate interplay between clinical, laboratory, and treatment factors is highlighted, offering insights for improved patient care. It aims to raise awareness of patient challenges and provide valuable information for targeted interventions to alleviate their burden.

Association of Hematological and Biochemical Parameters and HLA-DRB1 Alleles With Anti-cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Autoantibodies in Sudanese Rheumatic Patients.

Introduction Anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA) are crucial for the diagnosis and prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and are associated with class II HLA-DRB1 alleles. The study's goal was to determine how DRB1 alleles and hematological and biochemical parameters affect ACPA production in RA patients from Sudan. Methods The study analyzed the hematological and biochemical parameters and the frequency of HLA-DRB1 alleles in 120 RA patients and 100 controls. Automated analyzers, ELISA, the latex agglutination test, and the Westergren method were utilized for hematological and biochemical testing. HLA class II alleles were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). The student's t-test and the chi-square (Χ2) test were employed to identify significant alterations between the examined parameters and allele frequencies. Results A total of 51.7% of 120 RA patients tested positive for ACPA (ACPA+). Among those patients, the DRB1*04 and *10 alleles were significantly more prevalent (22.2% vs. 8.9%, P = 0.048 and 23.8% vs. 8.9%, P = 0.030, respectively). RA patients had significantly higher counts of platelet count test (PLT; P = 0.011), lymphocytes (LY; P = 0.000), neutrophils (NE; P = 0.025), monocytes (MO; P = 0.000), eosinophils (EO; P = 0.000), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR; P = 0.006), C-reactive protein (CRP; P = 0.000), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; P = 0.000) than controls. Patients also showed low counts of red blood cells (RBC; P = 0.003), hemoglobin (Hb; P = 0.024), mean platelet volume (MPV; P = 0.000), and basophils (BA; P = 0.048). ACPA+ RA patients had elevated white blood cells (WBC; P = 0.046), PLT (P = 0.029), and low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC; P = 0.022). The hematological and biochemical parameters of ACPA+ RA patients with the DRB1*04 or *10 alleles did not differ significantly. Conclusions We found significant differences in hematological and biochemical parameters between RA patients and controls that had nothing to do with ACPA positivity or the frequency of DRB1*04 or *10 alleles.

Establishing reference intervals for common hematology test parameters from apparently healthy geriatrics in Asella town, Southeast Ethiopia, 2020: a community-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Reference intervals are an important method tool for identifying abnormal laboratory test results. Complete blood count reference values are useful to interpret complete blood count (CBC) results and make clinical decisions, but these values have not been established for geriatrics in Asella town. Therefore, this study aimed to establish reference intervals (RIs) for complete blood count (CBC) parameters from geriatric participants/subjects in Asella town, Southeast Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to May 2020. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemography and other characteristics from 342 eligible geriatric participants. Weight, height, and vital signs were measured, and 8 mL of blood sample was collected. Screening tests such as HIV, HBsAg, HCV, syphilis, stool examination, and urinalysis were performed. The hematological parameter was measured using a Sysmex kx-21 hematology analyzer. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. The non-parametric independent Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test (Mann-Whitney U test) were used to compare the parameters between age groups and genders. The 97.5 and 2.5th percentile were the upper and lower reference limit for the population. Results: According to the study's findings, the reference intervals of red blood cell, white blood cell, platelet count, hemoglobin (HGB), and hematocrit (HCT) in male geriatrics were 3.8-5.85 × 1012/L, 3.1-9.66 × 109/L, 115.8-353 × 109/L, 12.4-17.76 g/dL, and 35.06-50.2%, respectively. The respective values for women were 3.94-5.48 × 1012/L, 3.13-8.4 × 109/L, 137.5-406 × 109/L, 12.5-16.4 g/dL, and 36.09-48.2%. Most of the hematological parameters showed significant differences between the two genders (p value <0.05). Conclusion: Accurate gender and age-specific reference intervals are crucial in managing patient health. The current study offers essential CBC hematological parameters that can assist clinicians in interpreting laboratory results and can improve healthcare quality in the geriatric population. Therefore, it is more relevant to use the current RIs in the geriatric set-up.

Analysis of hematological indicators via explainable artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of acute heart failure: a retrospective study.

Introduction: Acute heart failure (AHF) is a serious medical problem that necessitates hospitalization and often results in death. Patients hospitalized in the emergency department (ED) should therefore receive an immediate diagnosis and treatment. Unfortunately, there is not yet a fast and accurate laboratory test for identifying AHF. The purpose of this research is to apply the principles of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to the analysis of hematological indicators for the diagnosis of AHF. Methods: In this retrospective analysis, 425 patients with AHF and 430 healthy individuals served as assessments. Patients' demographic and hematological information was analyzed to diagnose AHF. Important risk variables for AHF diagnosis were identified using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) feature selection. To test the efficacy of the suggested prediction model, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), a 10-fold cross-validation procedure was implemented. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), F1 score, Brier score, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) were all computed to evaluate the model's efficacy. Permutation-based analysis and SHAP were used to assess the importance and influence of the model's incorporated risk factors. Results: White blood cell (WBC), monocytes, neutrophils, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), red cell distribution width-standard deviation (RDW-SD), RDW-coefficient of variation (RDW-CV), and platelet distribution width (PDW) values were significantly higher than the healthy group (p < 0.05). On the other hand, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, basophil, lymphocyte, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet, hematocrit, mean erythrocyte hemoglobin (MCH), and procalcitonin (PCT) values were found to be significantly lower in AHF patients compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). When XGBoost was used in conjunction with LASSO to diagnose AHF, the resulting model had an AUC of 87.9%, an F1 score of 87.4%, a Brier score of 0.036, and an F1 score of 87.4%. PDW, age, RDW-SD, and PLT were identified as the most crucial risk factors in differentiating AHF. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that XAI combined with ML could successfully diagnose AHF. SHAP descriptions show that advanced age, low platelet count, high RDW-SD, and PDW are the primary hematological parameters for the diagnosis of AHF.

Changes in red blood cell parameters during incremental exercise in highly trained athletes of different sport specializations.

Background: During physical exercise, the level of hematological parameters change depending on the intensity and duration of exercise and the individual's physical fitness. Research results, based on samples taken before and after exercise, suggest that hematological parameters increase during incremental exercise. However, there is no data confirming this beyond any doubt. This study examined how red blood cell (RBC) parameters change during the same standard physical exertion in athletes representing different physiological training profiles determined by sport discipline. Methods: The study included 39 highly trained male members of national teams: 13 futsal players, 12 sprinters, and 14 triathletes. We used multiple blood sampling to determine RBC, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit value (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) before, during (every 3 min), and after (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min) an incremental treadmill exercise test until exhaustion. Results: There were no significant exercise-induced differences in RBC parameters between athletic groups. No significant changes were recorded in RBC parameters during the low-intensity phase of exercise. RBC, Hb, and Hct increased significantly during incremental physical exercise, and rapidly returned to resting values upon test termination. Conclusions: The general pattern of exercise-induced changes in RBC parameters is universal regardless of the athlete's physiological profile. The changes in RBC parameters are proportional to the intensity of exercise during the progressive test. The increase in hemoglobin concentration associated with the intensity of exercise is most likely an adaptation to the greater demand of tissues, mainly skeletal muscles, for oxygen.

Ecological and oral toxicity assessment of urea and camphor oil against Rattus norvegicus rats.

Background: One of the most challenging pests to control is the wild rat (Rattus norvegicus), which poses serious risks to both human health and the economy. Fertilizers are a more recent method of pest management with various action modes and are considered safe control agents when applied at low doses. Aim: The present study aimed to examine the toxicological impacts of the contaminated water with urea and camphor oil individually, post-treatment of rats with camphor oil after the pre-treatment with urea and post-treatment of rats with urea mixed with camphor oil after urea pre-treatment against the wild rats (R. norvegicus). Methods: The study extends to explore the influence of these treatments on the physicochemical parameters of the water administered by rats. Moreover, the effect of the most three toxic treatments was studied on the blood and renal functional parameters and the kidney tissue of rats after 21 days of treatment. Results: The study showed that urea was more potent than camphor oil when applied individually and increasing the concentration of urea in the pre-treatment or when combined with camphor oil in the post-treatment caused a significant increase in the mortality of rats. The post-treatment of rats with camphor oil only or camphor oil mixed with urea after the pre-treatment with urea induced a synergistic activity against rats. In addition, the exposed water to urea and camphor oil has been modified in physicochemical parameters and formed ulcers and harm to the kidneys of the exposed wild rats. Conclusion: This study significantly contributes to the ecological and toxicological potential risk indexes of urea and camphor oil together, which are restricted on the perceptible value relevance in the literature of water quality and renal pathology. Therefore, urea and camphor oil represent successful agents for the wild rat's control.

Preclinical safety evaluation of the ethanolic extract from campomanesia guazumifolia (cambess.) O. Berg fruits peels in rats.

The toxicological potential of the ethanolic extract from Campomanesia guazumifolia (EECG), a species traditionally recognised for its antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and hypercholesterolemic properties, was investigated in acute and subacute toxicity models in rats. In the acute toxicity test, 2000 mg/kg of EECG was administered orally in female rats, while male and female rats received 250, 500 or 750 mg/kg of EECG for the subacute toxicity test. No evidence of toxicity was observed in the animals acutely exposed, indicating that the LD50 is above 2000 mg/kg. However, repeated exposure to this extract resulted in alterations in important biochemical parameters indicative of hepatic and renal toxicity, including AST, ALT, creatinine, urea, and cholesterol. Additionally, some hematological parameters were also changed by the treatment. EECG demonstrated low toxicological potential. Nevertheless, given the observed changes in liver and kidney enzymes, further investigations into the protective effects of this extract following repeated administration are warranted.