Beneficiários de planos privados de saúde que utilizaram a rede pública de hemodiálise ambulatorial no Brasil entre 2012 e 2019 / Beneficiaries of private health plans that used the public outpatient hemodialysis network in Brazil between 2012 and 2019 / Beneficiarios de planes privados de salud que utilizaron la red pública de hemodiálisis ambulatoria en Brasil entre 2012 y 2019

O ressarcimento ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) é a interface mais visível da relação entre saúde pública e privada, e sua análise pode ampliar o conhecimento sobre o uso do SUS pelo setor suplementar. O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar os beneficiários de planos privados de saúde que realizaram hemodiálise no SUS entre 2012 e 2019 em relação a: sexo, faixa etária, região de residência, características dos planos privados de saúde e das operadoras e a assistência prestada a eles. Visou também comparar características dos planos privados de saúde e modalidade das operadoras daqueles beneficiários com dados dos demais beneficiários do Brasil. Construiu-se uma base centrada no indivíduo a partir de dados da Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS); informações sobre beneficiários do Brasil foram consultadas no Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS). Utilizou-se distribuições de frequências para resumir os dados, padronização por idade e sexo para características dos planos privados de saúde e modalidade das operadoras, e razão para comparar frequências. Um total de 31.941 beneficiários realizou hemodiálise no SUS, 11.147 (34,9%) destes fora de seu município de residência, e 6.423 (20,11%) utilizaram o SUS por 25 meses ou mais. Comparados aos demais beneficiários do Brasil, aqueles que realizaram hemodiálise no SUS estavam vinculados mais frequentemente a planos privados de saúde antigos (razão, r = 2,41), coletivos por adesão (r = 1,76), individuais/familiares (r = 1,36), ambulatoriais (r = 4,66), municipais (r = 3,88) e/ou a filantropias (r = 7,32). Planos privados de saúde com características restritivas podem ter dificultado o acesso dos beneficiários que realizaram hemodiálise no SUS às redes de suas operadoras, e representado mais um fator que pode ter influenciado o uso do SUS por aqueles beneficiários, mesmo com a cobertura prevista em seus contratos.

Reimbursement to Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) is the most visible interface of the public-private relationship and its analysis can expand our understanding of the use of SUS by the supplementary sector. The study aims to characterize the beneficiaries of private health plans who underwent hemodialysis in the SUS, from 2012 to 2019, in relation to: gender, age group, region of residence, characteristics of the private health plans and the operators and of the care provided to them. The characteristics of the private health plans and the modality of the operators of the beneficiaries where then compared with data of the other beneficiaries in Brazil. An individual-centered database was constructed based on data from the Brazilian National Supplementary Health Agency (ANS); information on beneficiaries in Brazil was consulted in Brazilian Health Informatics Department (DATASUS). Frequency distributions were used to summarize the data, standardization by age and sex for characteristics of the private health plans and modality of the operators and ratio to compare frequencies. A total of 31,941 beneficiaries underwent hemodialysis in the SUS, 11,147 (34.9%) outside their municipality of residence, and 6,423 (20.11%) used the SUS for 25 months or more. When compared with other beneficiaries in Brazil, those who underwent hemodialysis in the SUS were more frequently linked to old private health plans (ratio, r = 2.41), collective by adherence (r = 1.76), individual/family (r = 1.36), outpatient (r = 4.66), municipal (r = 3.88), and/or philanthropic (r = 7.32). Private health plans with restrictive characteristics may have hindered the access of beneficiaries who performed hemodialysis in SUS to the networks of their operators and have represented one more among the factors that may have influenced the use of SUS by those beneficiaries, even with coverage provided for in their contracts.

El resarcimiento al Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) es la interfaz más visible de la relación público-privada y su análisis puede ampliar el conocimiento sobre el uso del SUS por el sector suplementario. El estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar a los beneficiarios de planes privados de salud que realizaron hemodiálisis en el SUS, entre 2012 y 2019, con relación a: género, rango de edad, región de residencia, características de los planes privados de salud y de los operadores y a la asistencia prestada a ellos; y comparar características de los planes privados de salud y modalidad de los operadores de aquellos beneficiarios con datos de los demás beneficiarios de Brasil. Se construyó una base centrada en el individuo a partir de datos de la Agencia Nacional de Salud Suplementaria (ANS); las informaciones sobre los beneficiarios en Brasil fueron consultadas en el Departamento de Informática del SUS (DATASUS). Se utilizaron distribuciones de frecuencia para resumir los datos, la estandarización por edad y género para las características de los planes privados de salud y la modalidad de los operadores y la relación para comparar frecuencias. Un total de 31.941 beneficiarios se sometieron a hemodiálisis en el SUS, 11.147 (34,9 %) fuera de su municipio de residencia y 6.423 (20,11 %) utilizaron el SUS por 25 meses o más. Comparados a los demás beneficiarios de Brasil, los beneficiarios que se sometieron a hemodiálisis en el SUS estaban vinculados más frecuentemente a planes privados de salud antiguos (razón, r = 2,41), colectivos por adhesión (r = 1,76), individuales/familiares (r = 1,36), ambulatorios (r = 4,66), municipales (r = 3,88) y/o a filantropías (r = 7,32). Planes privados de salud con características restrictivas pueden haber dificultado el acceso de los beneficiarios que realizaron hemodiálisis en el SUS a las redes de sus operadores y pueden haber representado un factor más entre los que pueden haber influido en el uso del SUS por aquellos beneficiarios, incluso con cobertura prevista en sus contratos.

[Peripheral neuropathies and factors associated in chronic hemodialysis patients in Benin]. / Neuropathies périphériques et facteurs associés chez les hémodialysés chroniques du Bénin.

INTRODUCTION: Peripheral neuropathies, in hemodialysis patients, are frequent. OBJECTIVE: To study peripheral neuropathies in the population of chronic hemodialysis patients in Benin. METHODS: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted from April 1st to July 31st, 2017 in the hemodialysis units of the two public dialysis centers in Benin. Recruitment was exhaustive with inclusion of all patients with hemodialysis for more than 3months, aged at least 18years and consenting. The diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy was based on the presence of sensory-motor and/or vegetative disorders associated with amyotrophy, abolition or reduction of osteotendinous reflexes and absence of central signs. RESULTS: A total of 189 hemodialysis patients were included in the two public hemodialysis centers of Benin, 180 at the CNHU-HKM and 9 at the CHUD/BA. The mean age was 50.23±13.31years with extremes from 20 to 85 years and a sex ratio of 1.59. The overall frequency of peripheral neuropathy was 59.26%, including polyneuropathies (72.32%), unifocal mononeuropathies (10.71%), polyradiculoneuropathies (9.82%), and multiple mononeuropathies (7.14%). The associated factor in multivariate analysis was socioeconomic level (P=0.001; OR 39.41; 95% CI 4.81-322.64). CONCLUSION: Peripheral neuropathy is frequent in chronic hemodialysis patients in Benin, requiring early detection and management.

Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B and C among hemodialysis patients in Tunisia.

OBJECTIVE: Hemodialysis patients are at increased risk of infection by hepatitis C and B viruses, which are significant causes of mortality and morbidity. Prevention of their transmission in hemodialysis units remains a challenge worldwide. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of these two infections and to explore major risk factors among patients on chronic hemodialysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 109 hemodialysis patients (mean duration of hemodialysis of seven years) between 2012 and 2014 in a Teaching Hospital of Monastir, Tunisia. Hepatitis B and C serological markers were searched for using a chemiluminescent assay. Genome detection was performed using a commercially available quantitative real-time PCR test. RESULTS: A total of 109 hemodialysis patients were enrolled (75 males and 34 females). Ages ranged from 21 to 81 years. Six (5.5%) of these 109 patients had HBV infection defined by a positive HBsAg in four (3.7%) patients and by a detectable DNA associated with an "isolated anti-HBc" profile in the remaining two patients. Hepatitis C was observed in eight patients (7.3%) and five of them had detectable RNA. Hemodialysis duration ˃5years was the main risk factor for hepatitis C infection (P=0.01; OR: 3.11; 95% CI [1.57-13.71]). CONCLUSION: Our findings confirm the downward trend of the prevalence of both hepatitis B and C infections among Tunisian hemodialysis patients. Hemodialysis duration remains the main risk factor for hepatitis C infection. Occult hepatitis B infection should be suspected and investigated, especially among patients with an "isolated anti-HBc" profile.

Calcifilaxis, reporte de un caso / Calciphylaxis, a case report

La calcifilaxis o arteriopatía calcificante urémica en una entidad poco frecuente que se presenta principalmente en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en estado terminal. Se caracteriza por la formación de placas y nódulos eritemato-violáceos que posteriormente se ulceran, secundariamente a la calcificación de arteriolas dérmicas y subcutáneas. Tiene una mortalidad que alcanza entre 60 y 80 % y el tratamiento pocas veces es exitoso ya que no existe alguno específico y completamente efectivo. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 57 años con enfermedad renal terminal y en manejo con hemodiálisis, con presencia de úlceras y nódulos muy dolorosos de un mes de evolución, en abdomen y miembros inferiores, en los que se confirmó el diagnóstico de calcifilaxis por medio de una biopsia de piel.

Calciphylaxis or calcific uremic arteriopathy is a rare entity that occurs primarily in patients with end-stage kidney disease. It is characterized by the formation of erythematous and violeceous plaques and nodules that ulcerate secondarily to calcificaton of dermal and subcutaneous arterioles. Calciphylaxis has a mortality of 60-80 % and treatment is rarely successful since there is no specific and completely effective treatment option. We report the case of a 57-year old with end stage renal disease on hemodialysis with the presence of very painful ulcers and nodules of 1 month evolution on abdomen and lower limbs. The diagnosis of calciphylaxis was confirmed through skin biopsy.

Percepções do paciente em lista de espera para o transplante renal / Feelings of patients on the waiting list for a kidney transplant / Percepciones del paciente en lista de espera para el transplante renal

Estudo exploratório descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa cujo objetivo foi: conhecer as percepções dos pacientes em lista de espera para transplante renal. O local da pesquisa foi a Unidade de Hemodiálise de um hospital universitário de Porto Alegre. Os participantes foram os pacientes ativos na lista de espera para fazer o transplante renal, sendo a amostra constituída de 09 portadores de IRC, que realizam hemodiálise. Como resultados identificou-se as seguintes percepções: esperança, ansiedade, liberdade, ambivalência, medo, culpa e fé. A dependência da diálise para sobreviver remete o paciente ao confronto com a morte e a descrença, ao mesmo tempo em que busca força e fé para lutar e manter-se na espera por um doador.

A descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative approach whose aim was to get to know the feelings of patients on the waiting list for a kidney transplant. The research was conducted at the Hemodialysis Unit of a university hospital of Porto Alegre. The participants were the active patients on the waiting list for a kidney transplant. The sample comprised 9 patients affected with chronic renal insufficiency who undergo hemodialysis. The following feelings have been identified: hope, anxiety, freedom, ambivalence, fear, guilt, and faith. Dependence on dialysis for survival causes patients to face death and disbelief at the same time that they search for strength and faith in order to fight and wait for a donor.

Estudio exploratorio descriptivo, con abordaje cualitativo cuyo objetivo fue: conocer las percepciones de los pacientes en lista de espera para transplante renal. El local de la encuesta fue la Unidad de Hemodiálisis de un hospital universitario de Porto Alegre. Los participantes fueron los pacientes activos en la lista de espera para hacer el transplante renal, siendo la muestra constituida de 09 portadores de IRC (Insuficiencia Renal Crónica), que realizan hemodiálisis. Como resultados se identificaron las siguientes percepciones: esperanza, ansiedad, libertad, ambivalencia, miedo, culpa y fe. La dependencia de la diálisis para supervivir remete al paciente al enfrentamiento con la muerte y la descreencia, al mismo tiempo en que busca fuerza y fe para luchar y mantenerse en la espera por un donador.