[Relationship between the HBsAg-positive infection status of mothers and the non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine of their infants].

Objective: To explore the relationship between the status of HBsAg-positive infection of mothers and the non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine of their infants. Methods: A total of 225 pairs of mothers and their infants were recruited in our cohort from June 2011 to July 2013. Infants were given three doses of hepatitis B vaccine at hour 24, first month and month 6(t)h respectively and were followed up for one year after birth. HBV serological markers and HBV DNA in the peripheral blood of both mothers and infants were detected by Electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay and fluorescence quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results: Six HBV infection models were detected in HBsAg-positive mothers, and "HBsAg (+), HBeAg (+), anti-HBc (+)" (model one) and "HBsAg (+), anti-HBe (+), anti-HBc (+)" (model two) accounted for 92.5%(208/225) of all the models. Rate of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants born to mothers in model one was lower than those in model two, the differences are statistically significant (χ(2)=4.80, P=0.029). The rate of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants showed a downward trend with the rising of HBeAg level in their mothers (χ(2)=4.86, P=0.028). Results from the unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that the HBeAg of the HBsAg-positive mothers was significantly correlated with the low risk of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants (OR=0.598, 95%CI: 0.378-0.947). The positive rate of serum HBV DNA in HBsAg-positive mothers was 54.2%, while the rate of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants born to HBV DNA positive mothers was similar to those infants born to HBV DNA negative mothers (χ(2)=0.22, P=0.640). Conclusions: "HBsAg (+), HBeAg (+), anti-HBc (+)" and "HBsAg (+), anti-HBe(+), anti-HBc (+)" were the common models seen in HBsAg-positive mothers, and the rate of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine was different between the two models. HBeAg of HBsAg-positive mothers might have positive effects on the immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants but the mechanisms remained not clear. HBV DNA of the HBsAg-positive mothers did not seem to be correlated with the immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants.

Relationship between the HBsAg-positive infection status of mothers and the non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine of their infants / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To explore the relationship between the status of HBsAg-positive infection of mothers and the non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine of their infants. Methods: A total of 225 pairs of mothers and their infants were recruited in our cohort from June 2011 to July 2013. Infants were given three doses of hepatitis B vaccine at hour 24, first month and month 6(t)h respectively and were followed up for one year after birth. HBV serological markers and HBV DNA in the peripheral blood of both mothers and infants were detected by Electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay and fluorescence quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results: Six HBV infection models were detected in HBsAg-positive mothers, and "HBsAg (+), HBeAg (+), anti-HBc (+)" (model one) and "HBsAg (+), anti-HBe (+), anti-HBc (+)" (model two) accounted for 92.5%(208/225) of all the models. Rate of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants born to mothers in model one was lower than those in model two, the differences are statistically significant (χ(2)=4.80, P=0.029). The rate of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants showed a downward trend with the rising of HBeAg level in their mothers (χ(2)=4.86, P=0.028). Results from the unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that the HBeAg of the HBsAg-positive mothers was significantly correlated with the low risk of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants (OR=0.598, 95%CI: 0.378-0.947). The positive rate of serum HBV DNA in HBsAg-positive mothers was 54.2%, while the rate of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants born to HBV DNA positive mothers was similar to those infants born to HBV DNA negative mothers (χ(2)=0.22, P=0.640). Conclusions: "HBsAg (+), HBeAg (+), anti-HBc (+)" and "HBsAg (+), anti-HBe(+), anti-HBc (+)" were the common models seen in HBsAg-positive mothers, and the rate of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine was different between the two models. HBeAg of HBsAg-positive mothers might have positive effects on the immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants but the mechanisms remained not clear. HBV DNA of the HBsAg-positive mothers did not seem to be correlated with the immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants.

Relationship between the HBsAg-positive infection status of mothers and the non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine of their infants / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between the status of HBsAg-positive infection of mothers and the non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine of their infants.Methods A total of 225 pairs of mothers and their infants were recruited in our cohort from June 2011 to July 2013.Infants were given three doses of hepatitis B vaccine at hour 24,first month and month 6th respectively and were followed up for one year after birth.HBV serological markers and HBV DNA in the peripheral blood of both mothers and infants were detected by Electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay and fluorescence quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction.Results Six HBV infection models were detected in HBsAg-positive mothers,and "HBsAg (+),HBeAg (+),anti-HBc (+)" (model one) and "HBsAg (+),anti-HBe (+),anti-HBc (+)" (model two) accounted for 92.5％ (208/225) of all the models.Rate of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants born to mothers in model one was lower than those in model two,the differences are statistically significant (x2=4.80,P=0.029).The rate of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants showed a downward trend with the rising of HBeAg level in their mothers (x2=4.86,P=0.028).Results from the unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that the HBeAg of the HBsAg-positive mothers was significantly correlated with the low risk of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants (OR=0.598,95％CI:0.378-0.947).The positive rate of serum HBV DNA in HBsAg-positive mothers was 54.2％,while the rate of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants born to HBV DNA positive mothers was similar to those infants born to HBV DNA negative mothers (X2=0.22,P=0.640).Conclusions "HBsAg (+),HBeAg (+),anti-HBc (+)" and "HBsAg (+),anti-HBe(+),anti-HBc (+)" were the common models seen in HBsAg-positive mothers,and the rate of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine was different between the two models.HBeAg of HBsAg-positive mothers might have positive effects on the immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants but the mechanisms remained not clear.HBV DNA of the HBsAg-positive mothers did not seem to be correlated with the immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants.

Does infection by the hepatitis C virus decrease the response of immunization against the hepatitis B virus in individuals undergoing dialysis? / Infecção pelo virus da hepatite C diminui a resposta vacinal para o vírus da hepatite B em uma população em diálise?

Abstract Introduction: Vaccination is the most effective tool in preventing transmission of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). The patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis appear to be at greater risk of becoming infected with this virus and does not show the same vaccine response when compared to patients without uremia. Objectives: To evaluate the results related to the HBV vaccine and identify factors associated with the response in patients with CKD on hemodialysis. Methods: Individuals with HBsAG and negative anti-HBC, under hemodialysis were assessed in two units of São Luis, Maranhão and were undergone full vaccination schedule for HBV. They were divided in groups: anti-HBs10 mUI/mL and compared as to age, gender, presence of diabetes mellitus (DM), time on dialysis and anti-HCV status. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with the vaccine response. p10mUI/Ml (or = 5.239 IC: 1.279-21.459, p = 0.021). Conclusion: The rate of vaccine response to HBV in patients with CKD on dialysis was 70% and the lack of anti-HCV infection was associated with seroconversion of anti-HBs suggesting that infection by the hepatitis C virus may be a factor that decreases the response of the HBV vaccine in dialysis CKD patients.

Resumo Introdução: A vacinação é a medida mais efetiva na prevenção da transmissão do vírus da hepatite B (HBV). O portador de doença renal crônica (DRC) em diálise apresenta maior risco de se contaminar com este vírus e não tem a mesma resposta vacinal quando comparada com indivíduos sem uremia. Objetivos: Avaliar os resultados da vacina para o HBV e identificar fatores associados à resposta, em portadores de DRC em hemodiálise. Metodologia: Foram avaliados indivíduos com HBsAg e anti-HBc negativos, que estavam sob hemodiálise em duas unidades de São Luís, Maranhão e que haviam sido submetidos ao esquema completo de vacinação para o HBV. Foram distribuídos em dois grupos: anti-HBs < 10mUI/mL e anti-HBs ≥ 10mUI/mL e comparados quanto à idade, gênero, presença de diabetes mellitus (DM), tempo em diálise e status do anti-HCV. Análise de regressão logística foi realizada para identificar fatores independentemente associados à resposta vacinal. Anti-HBs ≥ 10mUI/mL(OR = 5.239 IC:1.279-21.459, p = 0.021) Conclusões: A taxa de resposta vacinal ao HBV em portadores de DRC em diálise foi de 70% e a ausência do anti-HCV foi associada à soroconversão do anti-HBs, sugerindo que a infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C pode ser um fator que diminui a resposta da vacina para o HBV em indivíduos portadores de DRC em diálise.

Hepatites B e C: risco ocupacional e medidas preventivas para profissionais da área de saúde / Hepatitis B and C: occupational risk and preventive measures for health care professionals

Os profissionais de saúde que lidam diretamente com os pacientes possuem o risco de se contaminarem com os pacientes portadores de agentes biológicos patogênicos. Este trabalho objetiva avaliar a exposição ocupacional aos virus das hepatites B e C e revisar as orientações preventivas a tais acidentes. É importante que os profissionais de saúde estejam familiarizados com os aspectos da doença, afim de que se possam conter sua disseminação em hospitais, clínicas e consultórios médicos e odontológicos.

Identificação de cuidados preventivos contra as hepatites B e C em cirurgiões-dentistas da cidade do Recife / Identification of preventive care against hepatitis B and C among dentists at Recife city

Este estudo objetivou identificar os cuidados que os cirurgiões-dentistas (CDs) têm adotado para se prevenir contra as hepatites B e C, abordando principalmente as questões da imunização, e das medidas adotadas para minimizar o risco de exposições ocupacionais a material biológico potencialmente contaminado, incluindo o uso de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI). Foi conduzido um inquérito com 319 CDs residentes na cidade do Recife, PE, por meio de questionário auto-aplicável. Após a coleta de dados, a análise foi obtida através de técnicas de estatística descritiva. A adesão dos CDs aos EPI mostrou-se alta, porém variou conforme o equipamento. Do total de pesquisados, 30,2% relataram nunca reencapar agulhas com as duas mãos e 98,4% relataram ter recebido a vacina contra hepatite B, dos quais 79,3% tomaram as três doses. Em relação a traumas pérfuro-cortantes, estes foram relatados por 71,5% dos CDs. Demonstrou-se que os EPIs são bastante utilizados entre os CDs. Apesar de a cobertura vacinal detectada ilustrar um crescimento em relação a estudos anteriores, ainda são necessários esforços educativos no sentido de expandi-la ainda mais.

This study aimed to identify the preventive care the dentists have carried out against hepatitis B and C, broaching specially the topics of immunization and measures taken to minimize the risk of occupational exposition to potentially contaminated biological material, including the use of individual protection equipment (IPE). An inquiry was conducted with 319 dentists living at Recife-PE, Brazil, using a self-administered questionnaire. After the data collection, the analysis was obtained through techniques of descriptive statistics. The adhesion to the use of IPE was high, and varied according to the equipment. Among the participants, 30,2% reported never having recapped needles with both hands and 98,4% said they received the vaccine against hepatitis B, although 79,3% received the three doses. Regarding to perforating-cutting trauma, they were reported by 71,5% of the dentists. It was demonstrated that, the IPE are very often used by the dentists. Although the vaccinal cover detected illustrates an increase in comparison to previous studies, educational efforts remain necessary to spread it even more.

Esquistossomose e hepatites virais: uma revisão / Schistosomiasis and viral hepatitides: a review

Os principais estudos sobre a associação esquistossomose e hepatite pelos vírus B, C e D são apresentados e discutidos. As limitações de cada estudo são apontadas e os autores sugerem novos caminhos na investigação desta provável interação.

The papers published on the association of schistosomiasis with viral hepatitis (B, C and D) are reviewed. The shortcomings of each work are pointed out and suggestions are forwarded to try and direct the investigations on this probable interaction.

Estudo comparativo da taxa de incidência de sífilis, doença de Chagas, hepatites B e C, HIV e HTLV, em doadores de sangue por região do Paraná / Comparative study of incidence taxes of syphilis, Chagas disease, Hepatitis B and C, HIV and HTLV of Parana regions

O presente estudo pretende demonstrar o perfil soroepidemiológico dos doadores de sangue da rede Hemepar, no período de 01/01/94 a 30/06/94, através das diferentes taxas de incidência de sífilis, doença de Chagas, hepatites B e C, HIV e HTLV, por região no Paraná. A metodologia do trabalho consistiu da análise de 21.772 amostras provenientes dos Hemocentros de: Francisco Beltrão (Sudoeste), Apucarana (Norte), Guarapuava (Centro-Sul), Campo Mourão (Centro) e Curitiba (Leste), que encaminham mensalmente relatórios ao Hemepar, alimentando o sistema informatizado. Foram realizados exames de imunofluorescência, hemaglutinação e enzimaimunoensaio para Chagas; VDRL e FTA/ABS para sífilis; enzimaimunoensaio e Western Blot, para HIV, HTLV e hepatites B e C e imunofluorescência para HIV. Observou-se entre as regiões semelhança de soropositividade para sífilis, Chagas, HIV e HTLV, com exceção de Apucarana, que não apresentou nenhum caso positivo de HIV e HTLV neste período. HTLV passou a ser realizado somente a partir de Maio/94. Observamos que a incidência de HIV da região Leste-Curitiba manteve-se estacionada em relação aos três anos anteriores. As mais significativas taxas de incidência foram para Hepatite (HbsAg), ficando Francisco Beltrão com 7,90%, acentuadamente mais alta que as demais regiões: Guarapuava (0,95%), Apucarana (0,91%), Campo Mourão (0,86%) e Curitiba (0,74%). Quando realizado Anti-HBc, a soropositividade acentuou-se ainda mais: Francisco Beltrão passou para 59,82%, Campo Mourão (37,41%), Apucarana (24,66%), Guarapuava (20,65%) e Curitiba (11,55%). Além da função primordial de garantir a segurança da saúde do receptor, os exames laboratoriais nos doadores de sangue possibilitam levantar diagnóstico soroepidemiológico de cada região do Estado, particularmente, exigindo ações de vigilância epidemiológica e sanitária específicas para cada caso.