RESUMO
Prohibiting the unsafe sale of livestock that have died in production and harmlessly disposing of them are key measures to control and prevent outbreaks of zoonotic diseases and exert a great significance for maintaining meat-derived food and public health safety. However, under the strict implementation of governmental initiatives, some farmers still choose to sell dead livestock unsafely in developing countries such as China, Brazil, Mexico, and Kenya, which have become an important hidden danger in preventing and controlling zoonotic diseases. Based on data from 496 pig farmers in Hebei, Henan, and Hubei, China, the Double Hurdle Model was employed to explore the impact of governmental initiatives on the willingness and proportion of dead pigs sold unsafely by farmers. Besides, based on the heterogeneity of organization participation and breeding scale, the impact of governmental initiatives on different scale farmers' unsafely selling behaviors is also discussed. The results showed that the harmless disposal subsidy significantly reduces farmers' willingness to unsafely sell dead pigs (SW, RC = -0.0666, and SE = 0.0261). Still, the impact on the proportion is weak (SP, RC = -0.0502, and SE = 0.0474). Though the effect of supervision punishment is greatly weakened (SW, RC =-0.0381, and SE = 0.0324; SP, RC = -0.0204 and SE = 0.0263), it can significantly enhance the effect of harmless disposal subsidy by creating a good law-abiding environment (SW, RC = -0.1370, and SE = 0.0374; SP, RC = -0.0820, and SE = 0.0431). Governmental initiatives have an undue impact on the unsafe sale of dead livestock by farmers participating in cooperatives. The effects of these measures on different scale farmers' unsafe sale of dead pigs are highly heterogeneous. In addition, the study also found that food and public health safety risk perceptions are important endogenous drivers for curbing farmers selling dead pigs. This research can also provide important inspiration for other countries. The government should raise farmers' risk perception level of food and public safety, optimize governmental initiatives, play the key role of cooperative organization, increase the proportion of dead pigs harmlessly disposed of, and finally eliminate new hidden dangers in the prevention and control of zoonotic diseases.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE:To reduce drug dispensing mistakes and the hidden dangers in outpatient dispensary so as to improve the quality of drug dispensing.METHODS:The corresponding intervention measures were taken based on the analysis on drug dispensing mistakes and the hidden dangers in outpatient dispensary,meanwhile the state after intervention was compared with that before.RESULTS:The drug dispensing mistakes decreased from40cases to16cases with the decreasing rate at60%after intervention;and the hidden dangers of mistakes has decreased from178cases to118cases with the decrease rate at33.7%.CONCLUSION:The drug dispensing mistakes and the hidden dangers in outpatient dispensary have been de?creased effectively and the quality of drug dispensing has been improved through the practice of the comprehensive precau?tionary measures.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE To formulate the effective measurement to prevent and control nosocomial infection in blood transfusion department.METHODS The hidden danger of nosocomial infection in our hospital was investigated to formulate the practicable strategy of precaution and control.RESULTS Management status in blood transfusion department occurred several administration shortages such as unreasonable overall arrangement,flaw regulatory regime,weak precaution consciousness,nonstandardized contamination zonation,deficient management of medical garbage disposal,etc.CONCLUSIONS Executing strictly laws and regulations,establishing relevant rules and carrying on standardized administration are essential for prevention and control of nosocomial infections in blood transfusion department and for assurance of biosafety.
RESUMO
Field operation infirmary should conquer many complicated situations, such as overuse of vehicles, too far maneuvering distance, too long maneuvering time, and complicated road state. The author puts forward that in the marching, the division of responsibilities and march discipline should be very strict, and vanguard should be sent before field operation infirmary, which ensure the operation infirmary to reach the destination safely and successfully.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for the reduction of dispensing error rate and the hidden dispensing danger in outpatient pharmacy.METHODS: The drugs with similar outer package in the outpatient pharmacy of a hospital in 2007 were investigated and knew the hidden drug dispensing danger caused by similar outer package by the staff mambers in the outpatient pharmacy.RESULTS: A total of 7 pairs of drugs were found to be of similar outer package in pattern,color or the size of package etc,which resulted in hidden dispensing errors in 39 cases.CONCLUSIONS: Great importance should be attached to the drugs with similar outer packages and countermeasures should be taken to avoid the hidden dispensing errors induced by it.
