[Regulation of vasomotor tone of small skeletal muscle veins by intrinsic mechanisms]. / Vázizomkisvénák vazomotortónusának intrinszik szabályozómechanizmusai.

In many developed countries the prevalence of venous disorders and its consequences are higher than that of arterial diseases. Thus it is very important to understand the exact physiological and pathophysiological function of small veins and their control mechanisms. Small veins and venules have an important role in the regulation of capillary fluid exchange, as well as return of the venous blood into the heart. However, there is only limited knowledge available regarding the role of local mechanisms controlling the vasomotor tone and diameter of small veins. In the last decade the authors focused on the elucidation of these mechanisms in isolated skeletal muscle venules of rats. Their results suggest that the tone of small veins is controlled by the integration of several mechanisms, activated by the intraluminal pressure and flow/wall shear stress, in addition to numerous local mediators synthesized and released from the smooth muscle and endothelium. These mechanisms are involved - in a complex manner - in the control of postcapillary resistance, thus regulation of tissue blood supply, venous return and consequently in the modulation of the cardiac output, as well.

The effect of phosphoethanolamine intake on mortality and macrophage activity in mice with solid ehrlich tumors

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of a diet rich in synthetic PEtn on the metabolism macrophages of tumor-bearing mice. The results demonstrated that PEtn increased the animals' survival time. In addition, the treated animals released smaller amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) than the non-treated animals, particularly after day 14. From the results it could be concluded that H2O2 and NO were important in the modulation of neoplastic growth, and pointed to a promising role of PEtn in the control of human neoplasms.

Hydrogen peroxide bleaching: effect of various concentrations on mercury and other metal ions release from dmixed and spherical dental amalgam / Clareamento por peróxido de hidrogênio: efeito de várias concentrações de mercúrio e liberação de outros íons metálicos pelos amálgamas dentais misturado e esférico

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different hydrogen peroxide concentrations (HP) on mercury and other metal ions release from admixed and spherical dental amalgam. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dental amalgam discs were prepared from GS.80 and Lojic+ alloys (Southern Dental Industries, Australia) according to manufacturer’s instructions in stainless steel moulds (10mm diameter and 2mm thickness). The discs (n=25 of each alloy) were divided into five equal groups for each alloy. Each group was immersed in 20 ml of 38%, 24%, 10%, or 3% HP solution for 24 h at 37ºC with 0% (distilled water) as control. Following immersion procedure, solutions were taken for metal ion release determination (Hg, Ag, Sn and Cu) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Statistical analysis was conducted using one and two way ANOVA tests to determine significance of differences between test groups. Bonferroni Post Hoc test was conducted for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: Metal ion release for the elements (Hg, Ag, Sn and Cu) increased with exposure to increasing concentrations of HP for both GS.80 and Lojic+ amalgam alloys. The differences in concentration of metal ions released after treatment with 0% (control), 3%, 10%, 24% or 38% HP were statistically significant (p <0.05). CONCLUSION: Metal ions (Hg, Ag, Cu and Sn) were released from dental amalgam following treatment with all HP concentrations. Metal ion release increased with increasing HP concentration. Even with exposure of dental amalgam to relatively high HP concentration (38%), released Hg did not exceed the maximum acceptable limit.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os efeitos de diferentes concentrações de peróxido de hidrogênio na liberação de íons de Hg e outros metais de amálgamas misturados e esféricos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Discos de amálgama dental foram preparados com ligas GS.80 e Lojic+, de acordo com instruções dos fabricantes, em moldes de aço inoxidável (10 mm de diâmetro e 2 mm de espessura). Os discos (n=25 de cada liga) foram divididos em cinco grupos iguais para cada liga. Cada grupo foi imerso em 20 ml de solução HP a 38%, 24%, 10% ou 3% a 37ºC, por 24 h a 37ºC, e com água destilada 0% como controle. Após os procedimentos de imersão, soluções foram tomadas para determinação da liberação de íons metálicos (Hg, Ag, Sn and Cu) utilizando-se espectometria da massa de plasma pareadas por indução (ICP-MS). Análise estatística foi conduzida utilizando-se ANOVA testes para determinar significância das diferenças entre os grupos testes. Bonferroni Post Hoc foram feitos para comparações múltiplas. RESULTADOS: A liberação de íons metálicos para os elementos (Hg, Ag, Sn e Cu) aumentou com a exposição a concentrações aumentadas de peróxido de hidrogênio após o tratamento, tanto para a liga de amálgama GS 80 como para aLojic +. As diferenças de concentração dos íons liberados após tratamento com concentrações de peróxido de H a 0%, 3%, 10% ou 38 % foram estatisticamente significantes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSÕES: Íons metálicos (Hg, Ag, Cu e Sn) foram liberados de amálgamas dentais seguindo-se tratamento com todas as concentrações de H2O2. A liberação de ions metálicos aumentou com a elevação da concentração do peróxido de hidrogênio. Mesmo com exposição de amálgama dental a concentrações relativamente altas de peróxido de hidrogênio (38%), a liberação de Hg não excedeu o limite máximo aceitável.

Avaliação "in vitro" da alteração de temperatura intra-câmara pulpar durante clareamento em consultório empregando fontes de luz / Pulp Chamber temperature rise during light-activated bleaching: an in vitro study

O clareamento dental é um procedimento que está diretamente relacionado à estética dental e cabe ao profissional de odontologia conhecer e dominar os diferentes materiais, métodos de ativação e técnicas de clareamento. Este estudo ¨In Vitro¨ avaliou comparativamente o aumento de temperatura intra-câmara pulpar durante o clareamento em consultório ativado com diferentes fontes de luz com e sem gel clareador. Foi selecionado 1 incisivo central superior humano, seccionado na porção radicular 3 mm abaixo da junção cemento-esmalte. O canal radicular foi alargado para permitir a introdução do sensor do termômetro dentro da câmara pulpar. A câmara pulpar foi preenchida com uma pasta térmica (C.N.P.J. 52.891. 405/0001-60, Implastec Electroquímica, Votorantim, SP), a fim de permitir a transferência de calor das paredes dentárias para o sensor de um termômetro digital com termopar tipo K (MT- 401A) durante o clareamento. A porção radicular do dente foi submersa em água a 37º C elevando a câmara pulpar a mesma temperatura. Um agente clareador fotossensível à base de peróxido de hidrogênio a 35% (Lase Peroxide - DMC Equipamentos) foi utilizado. Para a ativação do gel foram empregados quatro aparelhos com diferentes fontes de luz: luz halógena (Spectrum - Dentsply); luz híbrida à base de LED e Laser Diodo (Ultra Blue IV - DMC Equipamentos); LED (Smart Lite PS - Dentsply) e LED verde (D - Light Green - Kondortech).

As ativações foram feitas de acordo com as especificações do fabricante. com seis aplicações para cada grupo. Os resultados foram submetidos a ANOVA a dois critérios e teste de Tukey (p " < ou =" 0,05). Os grupos estudados e as medias do aumento da temperatura foram: D - Light Green sem gel (37ºC) A, D - Light Green com gel (37,17ºC) A, Smart Lite sem gel (39,17ºC) C, Smart Lite com gel (40ºC) D, Ultra Blue IV sem laser sem gel (38ºC) B, Ultra Blue IV sem laser com gel (39,17ºC) C, Ultra Blue IV com laser sem gel (38ºC) B, Ultra Blue IV sem laser com gel (39,17ºC) C, Ultra Blue IV com laser sem gel (38, 17ºC) B, Ultra Blue IV com laser com gel (39,33ºC) C, Spectrum sem gel (39,17ºC) C e Spectrum com gel (40,83ºC) E. Todas as lâmpadas apresentaram aumento da temperatura intracâmara pulpar, com exceção do D - Green Light, sem atingir a temperatura crítica de 5,5ºC. A fonte de luz halógena com gel apresentou o maior aumento de temperatura.

The purpose of this In Vitro study was to measure the intrapulpal temperature rise induced by various light sources and a bleaching gel. The root portion of an intact human maxillary central incisor was sectioned with a diamond disk 3 mm below the cement enamel junction. The apical foramen of the root was enlarged and remaining pulp tissue was removed. The empty pulp chamber was filled with a heat sink compound and a thin K-type thermocouple was introduced into the pulp chamber. The root surface of the tooth was partially submerged in a water bath during the testing procedure at 37°C elevating the pulp chamber at the same temperature. A 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching gel (Lase Peroxide - DMC Equipamentos) containing heat enhanced colorants was applied to the vestibular tooth surface. Light units used were a conventional tungsten quartz halogen (Spectrum - Dentsply), a LED/Laser device (Ultra Blue IV - DMC Equipamentos), a high intensity LED (Smart Lite PS - Dentsply) and a green LED light (D - Light Green - Kondortech). A pilot study and a statistical analysis were made to determine the number of application needed. Six applications were made for each system and gel combination. Differences between the starting temperature and final temperature reading were taken and the calculated temperature changes were averaged to determine the mean value in temperature rise.

Temperature rise values were compared using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a preset alfa of 0.05. Temperature rise varied signifcantly depending on the type of light used and in presence or absent of bleaching gel. The conventional tungsten quartz halogen lamp with bleaching gel induced significantly higher temperature increases than any other curing unit (3,83°C). The green light-emitting diode unit without gel produced no temperature changes. Almost as a rule, the presence of bleaching gel resulted in a significant intrapulpal temperature all the procedures used in this study were below the critical level of 5,5ºC.