Early Family Experiences, Drug Use, and Psychosocial Adjustment across the Life Span: Is Parental Strictness Always a Protective Factor? / [Las experiencias tempranas en la familia, el uso de drogas y el ajuste psicosocial: ¿es siempre la severidad parental un factor de protección?]

Objective: This study analyzes whether parental strictness, which is shared by authoritative parenting (strictness and warmth) and authoritarian parenting (strictness without warmth) styles, always acts as a main protective factor against drug use and psychosocial maladjustment in children. This conclusion has already been stated in numerous classic studies, though emergent research suggests that there are benefits to parental warmth regardless of whether strictness is present or not. Method: Sample were 2,095 Spanish participants (1,227 females, 58.6%), 581 adolescent children (aged 12-18 years, 27.7%) and 1,514 adult children (72.3%). The measures were the main parenting style dimensions (warmth and strictness), drug use, and a set of indicators of psychosocial adjustment. A 4 × 2 × 4 MANOVA was applied for all outcomes with parenting style, sex, and age as independent variables. Results: Indulgent parenting (warmth without strictness) was related to less drug use than parenting without warmth (authoritarian and neglectful). Additionally, indulgent and authoritative parenting styles were related to better scores on psychosocial adjustment than authoritarian and neglectful styles, although the indulgent parenting was the only style related to the optimal scores being equal or even more effective than the authoritative style. Conclusion: Contrary to classical studies, present findings suggest that it is the parental warmth instead of the parental strictness that seems to be effective in protecting against drug use and psychosocial maladjustment.(AU)

Objetivo: En este estudio se analiza si, como asumen numerosos estudios clásicos, el componente de severidad que comparte el estilo parental autorizativo (severidad y afecto) con el estilo autoritario (severidad sin afecto) actúan siempre como el principal factor protector del consumo de drogas y el desajuste psicosocial de los hijos. Sin embargo, la investigación emergente sugiere los beneficios del afecto parental independientemente de la severidad. Método: Los participantes fueron 2,095 hijos españoles (1,227 mujeres, 58.6%), 581 adolescentes (de 12 a 18 años, 27.7%) y 1,514 adultos (72.3%). Las medidas fueron de las principales dimensiones del estilo parental (afecto y severidad), del consumo de drogas y un conjunto de indicadores del ajuste psicosocial. Se aplicó un MANOVA 4 × 2 × 4 con todos los criterios evaluados analizando el estilo parental, el sexo y la edad como variables independientes. Resultados: El estilo indulgente (afecto sin severidad) se relacionó con un menor consumo de drogas que los estilos sin afecto (autoritario y negligente). Además, los estilos indulgente y autorizativo se relacionaron con mejores puntuaciones en ajuste psicosocial, aunque el indulgente fue el único estilo relacionado con las puntuaciones óptimas siendo igual o incluso más eficaz que el estilo autorizativo. Conclusión: A diferencia de los estudios clásicos, los presentes resultados sugieren que el afecto parental, en vez de la severidad, parece ser eficaz como protección frente al consumo de drogas y el desajuste psicosocial.(AU)

Estrés de la crianza, estilos maternos de alimentación y su relación con el índice de masa corporal del preescolar / Parenting stress, maternal feeding styles related to preschooler body mass index

Introducción: el exceso de peso en la infancia se ve influenciado por múltiples factores; la crianza podría contribuir a este problema, dado que durante la etapa infantil son los padres y principalmente la madre los responsables de proporcionar alimento y de alimentar a sus hijos. Objetivo: explorar la relación del estrés de la crianza y los estilos maternos de alimentación con el IMC del hijo preescolar. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal. Participaron 382 díadas madre e hijo, los últimos de 3-5 años. Los hijos asistían a instituciones públicas de educación preescolar. Las madres participantes contestaron la Escala de Estrés de la Crianza y el Cuestionario de Estilos de Alimentación del Cuidador. Se midió peso, talla y se calculó el IMC del preescolar. Resultados: el 34 % de las madres utilizaban con mayor frecuencia un estilo indulgente y el 28,2 % de los hijos preescolares tenía sobrepeso-obesidad. Las madres con estilo autoritario presentaban el rango promedio más alto de estrés de la crianza comparado con las otras categorías (H = 15,302, gl = 3, p = 0,002). Se identificó que la escolaridad materna, la dimensión de la responsabilidad y la demanda contribuyen al IMC del hijo preescolar. Conclusión: el estrés de la crianza y los estilos de alimentación son variables que contribuyen al riesgo de sobrepeso-obesidad en los hijos preescolares. (AU)

Introduction: excess weight in childhood is influenced by multiple factors; parenting could contribute to this problem, given that during the infant stage the parents, and mainly the mother, are responsible for providing food and feeding their children. Objective: to explore the relationship of parenting stress and maternal feeding styles with preschool BMI. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional study. A total of 382 dyads, mother and child (3-5 years of age) participated. The children attended public preschool institutions. Participating mothers completed the Parenting Stress Scale and the Caregiver Feeding Styles Questionnaire. Weight and height were measured, and the child’s BMI was calculated. Results: 34 % of the mothers more frequently used an indulgent style, 28.2 % of the preschool children had overweight-obese. Mothers with an authoritative style had the highest mean range of parenting stress compared to other categories (H = 15.302, gl = 3, p = 0.002). Maternal schooling, responsibility and demand dimensions were identified as contributing to preschooler BMI. Conclusion: parenting stress and feeding styles are variables that contribute to the risk of overweight-obesity in preschool children. (AU)

Una aproximación a la satisfacción con la alimentación en familias monoparentales con jefatura femenina / An approach to satisfaction with food-related life in female-headed single parent households

Resumen 1Los hogares monoparentales se ven enfrentados a compatibilizar la generación de ingresos con las tareas de cuidado en el hogar, como la alimentación familiar, la cual se configura como un dominio clave en el bienestar. Es por ello, que el objetivo de este estudio buscó explorar los significados acerca de la satisfacción con la alimentación que tienen madres e hijos de familias monoparentales con jefatura femenina. A partir de un estudio de caso de método mixto, mediante la participación de 47 familias monoparentales de jefatura femenina, tanto madres como hijos adolescentes, cuyas edades fluctuaban entre 10 y 17 años de edad, completaron individualmente una tarea de asociación de palabras con "estar satisfecho con mi alimentación" y una tarea de finalización de palabras con "estaría más satisfecho con mi alimentación si...". Los resultados evidenciaron que los significados de la satisfacción con la alimentación son atribuibles a la conceptualización formal del constructo y que no existiría diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las respuestas dadas por madres e hijos, en base a los determinantes de comportamiento en la alimentación. Así se concluyó que las similitudes en los significados, en torno a los determinantes que se identifican con la satisfacción con la alimentación y con los aspectos que podrían aumentarla, permiten constatar la influencia de la familia en las construcciones y significados que forman parte de la identidad individual y cultural de los adolescentes, lo cual se convierte en un insumo necesario para el diseño de prácticas y estrategias que propicien una mayor satisfacción con la alimentación.

Abstract Numerous female-headed single parent households face increased pressure when attempting to balance income generation with household responsibilities, such as family nutrition, which is critical given its greater influence on children's nutrition and diet quality (Hebestreit et al., 2017). This situation is critical in light of the fact that food is positioned as a critical domain of human well-being (Schnettler et al., 2014, 2017; Denegri et al., 2014, 2016). Satisfaction with food-related life is conceptualized as an individual's global cognitive evaluation of his or her diet (Grunert, Dean, Raats, Nielsen, y Lumbers, 2007); its formal definition is connected to other facets of life such as health, family, and social relationships (Grunert et al., 2007). According to the literature, satisfaction with food-related life is defined in terms of three primary determinants of eating behavior: the food consumed, the individual, and the diet's context (Köster, 2009). The purpose of this study is to contribute to our understanding of female-headed single-parent families and their meanings by examining the importance placed on the family as the first social space in which people construct and shape their social representations in various spheres of daily life (Moscovici, 1984). The overall objective is to investigate the meanings of satisfaction with food-related life for mothers and adolescent children in female-headed single-parent families. The specific objectives are to i) define the semantic entities of food satisfaction in relation to mothers and adolescent children, ii) identify factors that contribute to mothers' and adolescent children's food satisfaction, and iii) compare how mothers and adolescent children perceive their food satisfaction and the factors that contribute to it increasing. To accomplish these goals, a mixed case study research design was used. This entails combining quantitative and qualitative research methods in order to gain a better understanding of the research issues (Cresswell y Plano Clark, 2011). A total of 47 Chilean single-parent families with a female head of household participated in this study. It consists of a fee-paying mother that has at least one adolescent child between the ages of 10 and 17. The data collection method was an interview developed and tested in the Chilean population by Schnettler et al. (2020), based on a projective technique (Mesas y Escribano, 2018), in which mothers and adolescent children individually responded to the first words, terms, or phrases associated with the expression "being satisfied with my food-related life" with the goal of determining the meaning of satisfaction with food-related life. They were then asked to complete the sentence "I would be more satisfied with my food-related life if...". In order to identify factors that could improve their satisfaction with food-related life. The data was textually analyzed by segmenting and coding it. Subsequently, by establishing conceptual relationships, categories and supracategories were generated deductively (Krippendorff, 2004). Following that, the information expressed in the results and plotted in frequency tables is synthesized and interpreted. The Chi-square test was used to compare mothers' and adolescent children's responses (Agresti, 1990). In conclusion, the findings indicate that the meanings of satisfaction with food-related life can be ascribed to the construct's formal conceptualization. Thus, this study provides evidence that the construct is valid. There were also similarities in the meanings of mothers and adolescent children when it came to the determinants associated with food satisfaction, as well as the factors that could increase their satisfaction with food-related life. This finding is critical for establishing the family's influence on the constructs and meanings associated with adolescents' cultural identities.

[Parenting stress, maternal feeding styles related to preschooler body mass index]. / Estrés de la crianza, estilos maternos de alimentación y su relación con el índice de masa corporal del preescolar.

Introduction: Introduction: excess weight in childhood is influenced by multiple factors; parenting could contribute to this problem, given that during the infant stage the parents, and mainly the mother, are responsible for providing food and feeding their children. Objective: to explore the relationship of parenting stress and maternal feeding styles with preschool BMI. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional study. A total of 382 dyads, mother and child (3-5 years of age) participated. The children attended public preschool institutions. Participating mothers completed the Parenting Stress Scale and the Caregiver Feeding Styles Questionnaire. Weight and height were measured, and the child's BMI was calculated. Results: 34 % of the mothers more frequently used an indulgent style, 28.2 % of the preschool children had overweight-obese. Mothers with an authoritative style had the highest mean range of parenting stress compared to other categories (H = 15.302, gl = 3, p = 0.002). Maternal schooling, responsibility and demand dimensions were identified as contributing to preschooler BMI. Conclusion: parenting stress and feeding styles are variables that contribute to the risk of overweight-obesity in prescho.

Introducción: Introducción: el exceso de peso en la infancia se ve influenciado por múltiples factores; la crianza podría contribuir a este problema, dado que durante la etapa infantil son los padres y principalmente la madre los responsables de proporcionar alimento y de alimentar a sus hijos. Objetivo: explorar la relación del estrés de la crianza y los estilos maternos de alimentación con el IMC del hijo preescolar. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal. Participaron 382 díadas madre e hijo, los últimos de 3-5 años. Los hijos asistían a instituciones públicas de educación preescolar. Las madres participantes contestaron la Escala de Estrés de la Crianza y el Cuestionario de Estilos de Alimentación del Cuidador. Se midió peso, talla y se calculó el IMC del preescolar. Resultados: el 34 % de las madres utilizaban con mayor frecuencia un estilo indulgente y el 28,2 % de los hijos preescolares tenía sobrepeso-obesidad. Las madres con estilo autoritario presentaban el rango promedio más alto de estrés de la crianza comparado con las otras categorías (H = 15,302, gl = 3, p = 0,002). Se identificó que la escolaridad materna, la dimensión de la responsabilidad y la demanda contribuyen al IMC del hijo preescolar. Conclusión: el estrés de la crianza y los estilos de alimentación son variables que contribuyen al riesgo de sobrepeso-obesidad en los hijos preescolares.

Mejorando la efectividad de la Terapia de Interacción Padres-Hijos (PCIT) con terapias contextuales: un estudio de caso único / Enhancing the Effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) With Contextual Therapies: A Single Case Study

La Terapia de Interacción Padres-Hijos (PCIT) es una terapia bien establecida y de elección para trabajar los problemas de conducta en la infancia. En este trabajo se presenta el caso de un niño de siete años con conductas disruptivas. El tratamiento de elección fue PCIT en combinación con otras terapias contextuales como la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso (ACT) y la Psicoterapia Analítica Funcional (FAP). Se utilizó un diseño de caso único AB con medidas repetidas de seguimiento. La intervención se llevó a cabo a lo largo de diez sesiones con dos medidas de seguimiento posteriores, al mes y al año de finalizar el tratamiento. Los resultados muestran que el tratamiento fue efectivo para reducir los problemas de conducta del niño, incrementar las conductas pro-sociales y mejorar el clima familiar, y se mantienen en el seguimiento a los 12 meses. Este trabajo aporta evidencia sobre la eficacia de PCIT para trabajar con los problemas de conducta en la infancia y destaca la importancia de la conceptualización contextual del caso y de la combinación de dichas terapias contextuales para mejorar los resultados de la intervención (AU)

in childhood. In this paper we present a 7-year-old boy case with disruptive behaviors. The treatment of choice was PCIT in combination with other contextual therapies such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP). A single case AB design with repeated measures follow-up was used. The intervention was conducted over 10 sessions with 2 subsequent follow-up measures, at 1 month and 1 year after the end of treatment. The results show that the treatment was effective in reducing the child’s behavioral problems, increasing pro-social behaviors, and improving the family climate. Also, the results are maintained at 12-month follow-up. This paper provides evidence for the efficacy of PCIT in working with childhood behavior problems and it designates the importance of contextual case conceptualization and the combination of such contextual therapies in improving intervention outcomes (AU)

A systematic literature review of the relationship between parenting responses and child post-traumatic stress symptoms.

Background: Parents are a key source of support for children exposed to single-incident/acute traumas and can thereby play a potentially significant role in children's post-trauma psychological adjustment. However, the evidence base examining parental responses to child trauma and child posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) has yielded mixed findings.Objective: We conducted a systematic review examining domains of parental responding in relation to child PTSS outcomes.Method: Studies were included if they (1) assessed children (6-19 years) exposed to a potentially traumatic event, (2) assessed parental responses to a child's trauma, and (3) quantitatively assessed the relationship between parental responses and child PTSS outcomes. A systematic search of three databases (APAPsycNet, PTSDpubs, and Web of Science) yielded 27 manuscripts.Results: Parental overprotection, trauma communication, avoidance of trauma discussion and of trauma reminders, and distraction were consistently related to child PTSS. There was more limited evidence of a role for trauma-related appraisals, harsh parenting, and positive parenting in influencing child outcomes. Significant limitations to the evidence base were identified, including limited longitudinal evidence, single informant bias and small effect sizes.Conclusion: We conclude that key domains of parental responses could be potential intervention targets, but further research must validate the relationship between these parental responses and child PTSS outcomes.

Child post-traumatic stress symptoms following acute trauma are consistently related to post-trauma parental overprotection, avoidance of trauma discussion and of trauma reminders, and promotion of distraction from trauma-related thoughts and stimuli.The findings from this review provide a potential rationale for targeting these parental domains in clinical interventions addressing children's post-traumatic stress symptoms.Future research is needed to validate the longitudinal relationship between parental response domains following children's traumatic exposure and child post-traumatic stress symptoms.

"Mi viaje": Procesos de revelación y aceptación de la orientación sexual en las familias / "My journey": Processes of disclosure and acceptance of the sexual orientation in families

Resumen Según el informe realizado por la Asociación Internacional de Lesbianas, Gays, Bisexuales, Trans e Intersex (ILGA) en el año 2017, menos del 25 % de los territorios del planeta reconocen a la población Lesbianas, Gays, Bisexuales, Transexuales e Intersexuales (LGBTI+) y, de igual forma, aún hay numerosos países, en su mayoría del continente africano, que penalizan, discriminan y rechazan la homosexualidad. Además, diferentes estudios han evidenciado que para muchas familias es difícil separarse de la tradición heteronormativa y aceptar la orientación sexual de un hijo gay o una hija lesbiana o bisexual. Esta investigación buscó comprender el proceso de revelación y aceptación de la orientación sexual en 15 familias con integrantes gays, lesbianas y bisexuales en Cali-Colombia, a través de una entrevista semiestructurada y una línea de tiempo denominada Mi viaje en la que los participantes plasmaban sus narrativas en dibujos. En el presente estudio participaron 15 familias, las cuales estuvieron conformadas tanto por hijos/as entre los 19 y 26 años como por padres/cuidadores entre 41 y 64 años. A partir del análisis temático de las entrevistas realizadas de manera individual, se evidencia que los procesos de revelación de la orientación sexual se generan durante la adolescencia temprana, media y tardía, y la madre fue aquella integrante de la familia a quien le revelaron en un primer momento. Además, se presentan las formas a través de las cuales se dio la revelación, que fueron directas o indirectas y en algunos casos derivaron en secretos familiares. Se concluye que los procesos que atraviesan las familias frente a la revelación y aceptación de la orientación sexual de un hijo gay o una hija lesbiana o bisexual cuentan con fases dinámicas que pueden presentarse en distintos momentos y de diferentes formas, según las características particulares de cada familia y su contexto.

Abstract According to the report carried out by the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA) in 2017, less than 25 % of the territories of the planet recognize Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex (the LGBTI + population) and, in the same way, there are still numerous countries, mostly from the African continent, who penalize, discriminate and reject homosexuality. In Colombia, between the years 2016, 2017 and until February 2018, 139 homicides of LGBTI+ people were reported. Additionally, in several of its cities, among which are Barranquilla, Medellín, Bogotá and Cali, there has been violence by the National Police against LGBTI+ people because of their sexual orientation and gender identity. In this regard, 21 cases have been reported between 2008 and 2017, of which two were against gay men and three against lesbian women. In addition, in Valle del Cauca, 195 homicides were reported up to the year 2017 which were related to the sexual orientation and gender identity of the victims, specifically located in the city of Santiago de Cali, in which nine murders were reported, four of which were gay men, two lesbian women and three trans women (Colombia Diversa, 2018). Furthermore, different studies have shown that it is difficult for many families to separate from the heteronormative tradition and accept the sexual orientation of a gay son or a lesbian or bisexual daughter. This research sought to characterize the process of disclosure and acceptance of sexual orientation in 15 families with gay sons and lesbian and bisexual daughters in Cali-Colombia, using a semi-structured interview and a timeline called My Journey in which the participants reflected their narratives in drawings. The research was qualitative, with a narrative design by topics (Hernández, Fernández & Baptista, 2014). The results are articulated to the macro project called "Family dynamics in the process of disclosure and acceptance of the sexual orientation of gay sons and lesbian daughters in the city of Cali-Colombia" In the present study, 15 families participated, which were made up of both children and parents / caregivers. From the thematic analysis of the interviews carried out individually, the descriptions made by the families of the moment in which the sons and daughters revealed their sexual orientation are mentioned. This moment corresponds to early, middle and late adolescence, and the mother was the one to whom the sexual orientation was revealed at first. In addition, the forms through which the revelation was given are presented, which were direct or indirect and, in some cases, led to family secrets. It is concluded that the processes that families go through in the face of the disclosure and acceptance of the sexual orientation of a gay son or a lesbian or bisexual daughter have dynamic phases that can occur at different times and in different ways depending on the particular characteristics of each family and its context. It is recommended to promote associations of families and friends united in favor of gender diversity, in such a way that they are configured as elements for decision-making in public policies and actions, which generate care routes for other families that require guidance in any of the stages they are going through and that can provide social support to gay sons, lesbian daughters and their families. From the field of health professionals who accompany families in affirmative processes, it is necessary to strengthen training with a gender perspective and in future studies address the experiences of families with transgender members, taking into account their specific needs and from an intersectional perspective.

Doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e seus fatores de risco na população beneficiária do Programa Bolsa Família: uma revisão integrativa / Chronic non-communicable diseases and their risk factors in the bolsa família program beneficiary population: an integrative review / Enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y sus factores de riesgo en la población que se beneficia del programa bolsa família: una revisión integradora

Objetivo: sintetizar as evidências científicas sobre a ocorrência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) e seus fatores de risco (FR) na população beneficiária do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF). Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, cuja busca por publicações de 2004 a 2020 foi feita nas seguintes bases de dados: Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Indice Bibliográico Español en Ciencias de la Salud (IBECS), via Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS); Medline, via Pubmed, SCOPUS (via Portal CAPES); e Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO. Resultados: foram selecionados 23 artigos, os quais foram agrupados em três categorias: 1) Prevalência dos fatores de risco para DCNT em mulheres beneficiárias do PBF: as mulheres beneficiárias apresentaram piores desfechos no consumo de tabaco, menor prática de atividade física, maior prevalência de diabetes, hipertensão e obesidade; 2) Estado nutricional e insegurança alimentar em crianças, adolescentes e famílias beneficiárias do PBF: os estudos apontaram para uma elevada prevalência de obesidade e coexistência de déficit estatural em crianças beneficiárias; e 3) Consumo alimentar de beneficiários do PBF: foi identificado um padrão não saudável de alimentação. Conclusão: usuários do PBF apresentam elevadas prevalências de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e pior padrão alimentar. Esses dados reforçam a importância de o PBF estar sendo direcionado às populações mais vulneráveis, visando mitigar as imensas desigualdades sociais. No entanto, é necessário avançar em outras políticas públicas de proteção social que impactem os determinantes sociais e melhorem a qualidade de vida de extensa camada da população brasileira.(AU)

occurrence and their risk factors (RF) in the Bolsa Família Program (BFP) beneficiary population. Methods: this is an integrative literature review whose search for publications from 2004 to 2020 was carried out in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and Indice Bibliográico Español en Ciencias de la Salud (IBECS), via the Virtual Health Library (VHL); Medline, via Pubmed, Scopus (via Portal CAPES); and Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO. Results: 23 articles were selected and grouped into three categories: 1) Prevalence of risk factors for NCDs in BFP beneficiary women: beneficiary women had worse outcomes in tobacco consumption, lower physical activity, higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity; 2) Nutritional status and food insecurity in BFP beneficiary children, adolescents and families: the studies pointed to a high prevalence of obesity and coexistence of height deficit in beneficiary children; and 3) Food consumption of BFP beneficiaries: an unhealthy eating pattern was identified. Conclusion: BFP users have a high prevalence of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases and worse dietary patterns. These data reinforce the importance of the BFP being directed to the most vulnerable populations, aiming to mitigate the immense social inequalities. However, it is necessary to advance other public policies of social protection that impact the social determinants and improve the life quality of a large part of the Brazilian population.(AU)

Objetivo: sintetizar evidencias científicas sobre la ocurrencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) y sus factores de riesgo (FR) en la población beneficiaria del Programa Bolsa Familia (PBF). Método: se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integradora, cuya búsqueda de publicaciones entre 2004 y 2020 fue realizada en las bases de datos Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS) e Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud (IBECS) a través de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), Medline a través del Pubmed, Scopus (vía Portal CAPES) y Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO...(AU)

Communication between parents diagnosed with cancer and their children: study with data triangulation / Comunicación entre padres diagnosticados con cáncer y sus hijos: estudio con triangulación de datos / Comunicação entre pais diagnosticados com câncer e seus filhos: estudo com triangulação de dados

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize the perceptions and feelings of parents diagnosed with cancer in relation to communication with their children between 3 and 12 years old. Method: A cross-sectional, multicenter, with data triangulation, through structured and semi-structured interviews, with a question with a Semantic Differential Scale, carried out with the father or mother with cancer undergoing outpatient treatment in two hospital institutions in the city of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, content analysis, using the ATLAS.ti 8.0R software and the Social Representation Theory. Results: Forty-three respondents participated, 37 (86.0%) were female, 23 (53.5%) aged between 31 and 50 years old, 29 (67.5%) with only children between 7 and 12 years old. The experience was considered painful (73.1%), stressful (53.6%), clear (53.7%) and safe (51.2%). The feelings experienced generated two categories: Trial by fire; and Grateful rewards. Children's reactions from parents' perspective generated the categories: Sadness and suffering; Trust and support; Change of behavior; and Denial or insensitivity. Conclusion: Communication was assessed as negative and conflicting, positive and welcoming, and causing changes in children's behaviors.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Caracterizar las percepciones y sentimientos de padres diagnosticados con cáncer en relación a la comunicación con sus hijos entre 3 y 12 años. Método: Transversal, multicéntrico, con triangulación de datos, mediante entrevistas estructuradas y semiestructuradas, con una pregunta con Escala Diferencial Semántica, realizadas con el padre o la madre con cáncer en tratamiento ambulatorio en dos instituciones hospitalarias de la ciudad de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva, análisis de contenido, utilizando el software ATLAS.ti 8.0R y la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. Resultados: Participaron 43 encuestados, 37 (86,0%) eran del sexo femenino, 23 (53,5%) con edades entre 31 y 50 años, 29 (67,5%) con hijos únicos entre 7 y 12 años. La experiencia fue considerada dolorosa (73,1%), estresante (53,6%), clara (53,7%) y segura (51,2%). Los sentimientos vividos generaron dos categorías: Prueba de fuego; y recompensa agradecida. Las reacciones de los niños, desde la perspectiva de los padres, generaron las categorías: Tristeza y sufrimiento; Confianza y apoyo; Cambio de comportamiento; y Negación o insensibilidad. Conclusión: La comunicación fue evaluada como negativa y conflictiva, positiva y acogedora, y provoca cambios en las conductas de los niños.

RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar as percepções e os sentimentos dos pais diagnosticados pelo câncer em relação à comunicação com seus filhos entre 3 e 12 anos. Método: Transversal, multicêntrico, com triangulação de dados, por meio de entrevistas estruturadas e semiestruturadas, com uma pergunta com Escala de Diferencial Semântico, realizadas com o pai ou a mãe com câncer em tratamento ambulatorial em duas instituições hospitalares da cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva, análise de conteúdo, utilizando o software ATLAS.ti 8.0R e a Teoria das Representações Sociais. Resultados: Participaram 43 respondentes, sendo 37 (86,0%) do sexo feminino, 23 (53,5%) com idades entre 31 e 50 anos, 29 (67,5%) com filho único entre 7 e 12 anos. A experiência foi considerada dolorosa (73,1%), estressante (53,6%), clara (53,7%) e segura (51,2%). Os sentimentos vivenciados geraram duas categorias: Prova de fogo; e Grata recompensa. As reações dos filhos, na perspectiva dos pais, geraram as categorias: Tristeza e sofrimento; Confiança e apoio; Mudança de comportamento; e Negação ou insensibilidade. Conclusão: A comunicação foi avaliada como negativa e conflituosa, positiva e acolhedora, e causadora de mudanças nos comportamentos dos filhos.

Coparenting Questionnaire (CQ): Adaptation and Validity Evidences for Brazilian Context / Co-parenting Questionnaire (CQ): Adaptação e Evidências de Validade para o Brasil / Cuestionario de Coparentalidad (CQ): Adaptación y Evidencia de Validez para Brasil

Abstract Co-parenting is the reciprocal effort between two caregivers to raise a child and is important in the mental health of families. This study aims to describe the adaptation procedures and initial evidence of validity of the Co-parenting Questionnaire (CQ) for Brazil. The adaptation was carried out according to the stages: translation; synthesis of translated versions; evaluation by experts and target audience; and reverse translation. To assess its factorial structure, confirmatory factor analyzes were performed in multifactorial and bi-factorial models in a sample of 590 mothers/fathers aged 21 to 60 years (M = 36.24; SD = 5.88) residing in 21 states of Brazil. The CQ presented adequate adjustments for a correlated multifactorial solution and for the bifactor model. Complementary indices indicate that its multifactorial structure is the most adequate. Considering that 90% of the participants are women, the results show the CQ is a valid instrument for measuring co-parenting in Brazilian women.

Resumo A coparentalidade é o esforço conjunto entre dois cuidadores para criar uma criança e é importante na saúde mental das famílias. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever os procedimentos de adaptação e evidências de validade do Coparenting Questionnaire (CQ) para o Brasil. A adaptação foi realizada segundo as etapas: tradução; síntese das versões traduzidas; avaliação por juízes experts e público-alvo; tradução reversa. Para avaliar sua estrutura fatorial, análises fatoriais confirmatórias foram realizadas em modelos multifatoriais e bifatoriais em uma amostra de 590 mães/pais de 21 a 60 anos (M = 36,24; DP = 5,88), residentes em 21 estados do Brasil. O CQ apresentou ajustes adequados para a uma solução multifatorial correlacionada e para o modelo bifactor. Índices complementares indicam que sua estrutura multifatorial é a mais adequada. Considerando que 90% dos participantes são mulheres os resultados mostram o CQ como um instrumento válido para a mensuração da coparentalidade nas mulheres brasileiras.

Resumen La coparentalidad es el esfuerzo conjunto entre dos cuidadores para criar a un niño y es importante la salud mental de las familias. Este artículo busca describir los procedimientos de adaptación y evidencias de validez del Cuestionario de Coparentalidad (CQ) para Brasil. La adaptación se realizó según las etapas: traducción; síntesis de versiones traducidas; evaluación por expertos y público objetivo; y traducción inversa. Para evaluar su estructura factorial, se realizaron análisis factoriales confirmatorios en modelos multifactoriales y bifactoriales en una muestra de 590 madres/padres de 21 a 60 años (M = 36,24; DE = 5,88) residentes en 21 estados brasileros. El CQ presentó ajustes adecuados para una solución multifactorial correlacionada y para el modelo bifactorial. Índices complementarios indican que su estructura multifactorial es la más adecuada. Considerando que el 90% de los participantes son mujeres, los resultados muestran el CQ como válido para medir la coparentalidad en mujeres brasileñas.

Procurando o hospital durante a pandemia de covid-19: perspectivas dos pais e cuidadores de crianças adoecidas / Searching for the hospital during the covid-19 pandemic: prospects for parents and carers of sick children / Buscando el hospital durante la pandemia covid-19: perspectivas de los padres y cuidado de los niños enfermos

Objetivo: apreender as perspectivas dos pais ou cuidadores sobre a necessidade de levar a criança adoecida ao hospital e as vivências durante a internação em tempos de pandemia de covid-19. Método: pesquisa exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida com pais ou responsáveis de crianças internadas no setor de pediatria de um hospital de ensino, acometidas por outras doenças que não a covid-19. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas áudio-gravadas. Foi empregada a análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Resultados: a população do estudo foi constituída por 18 entrevistados. Após leitura exaustiva do corpus duas categorias foram formuladas: "sentimentos e perspectivas ao procurar o serviço de saúde" e "hospitalização durante a pandemia e importância dos profissionais de saúde". Considerações finais: os familiares das crianças adoecidas vivenciaram medo, estresse, angústia, e preocupação ao procurar o atendimento hospitalar no contexto da pandemia, e alguns chegaram a adiar a busca pela assistência. Durante a internação esses sentimentos foram superados pelo conhecimento da organização do hospital e as orientações dos profissionais de saúde foram cruciais. É indispensável conduzir novas pesquisas que fundamentem o planejamento de ações e a reorganização dos serviços de saúde infantil.

Objective: To learn the perspectives of parents or caregivers on the need to take the sick child to hospital and the experiences during hospitalization in times of the covid-19 pandemic. Method: exploratory, qualitative-based research conducted with parents or guardians of children in a teaching hospital's pediatrics sector, affected by diseases other than covid-19. Data collection took place through audio-recorded interviews. The analysis of content, a thematic modality, was used. Results: the study population consisted of 18 respondents. After an exhaustive reading of the corpus, two categories were formulated: "feelings and perspectives when looking for the health service" and "hospitalization during the pandemic and importance of health professionals". Final considerations: the families of the sick children experienced fear, stress, distress, and concern when seeking hospital care in the context of the pandemic, and some even postponed the search for assistance. During hospitalization these feelings were overcome by the knowledge of the hospital organization and the guidance of the health professionals was crucial. It is indispensable to conduct new research that will inform the planning of actions and the reorganization of child health services.

Propósito: comprender las perspectivas de los padres o cuidadores sobre la necesidad de llevar al niño enfermo al hospital y las experiencias durante la hospitalización en tiempos de una pandemia cóvido-19. Método: investigación exploratoria, cualitativa, desarrollada con padres o gestores de niños hospitalizados en el sector pediátrico de un hospital de enseñanza, que padecen enfermedades distintas del covid-19. La recopilación de datos se realizó mediante entrevistas grabadas en audio. Se utilizó el análisis del contenido, la modalidad temática. Resultados: la población estudiada fue de 18 entrevistados. Después de una minuciosa lectura del corpus, se formularon dos categorías: "sentimientos y perspectivas en la búsqueda del servicio de salud" y "hospitalización durante la pandemia y la importancia de los profesionales de la salud". Consideraciones finales: los parientes de los niños enfermos experimentaron miedo, estrés, angustia y preocupación al buscar atención hospitalaria en el contexto de la pandemia, y algunos incluso pospusieron la búsqueda de asistencia. Durante el internamiento estos sentimientos fueron superados por el conocimiento de la organización del hospital y las pautas de los profesionales de la salud fueron cruciales. Es indispensable realizar nuevas investigaciones que sirvan de base para la planificación de acciones y la reorganización de los servicios de salud infantil.

As ressonâncias da loucura materna nos processos de subjetivação de uma filha / Resonances of maternal madness in the subjectivation processes of a daughter / Résonances de la folie maternelle dans la subjectivation d'une fille / Las resonancias de la locura materna en los procesos de subjetivación de una hija

Este artigo aborda as ressonâncias da loucura materna na subjetivação de uma filha a partir de um estudo de caso. Trabalhou-se com história de vida e foi realizado um diálogo com os processos de subjetivação e práticas de cuidado de si. A análise temática organizou os resultados a partir das seguintes categorias: as ressonâncias da loucura materna nos processos de subjetivação; o cuidado de si como horizonte transformador nos processos de subjetivação; o trabalho de subjetivar um legado transgeracional e a elaboração da mãe como referência de maternidade. Entre os resultados, destacam-se: a presença de afetos ambivalentes, a inconstância da presença física e da disponibilidade psíquica maternas e o desenvolvimento, por parte da entrevistada, de práticas de cuidado destinadas a si e a ao outro. Uma trajetória marcada por violência, questões de raça, gênero e classe, dificuldades sociais e econômicas que intensificaram a condição de sofrimento psíquico

This article approaches the resonances of maternal madness in the subjectivation of a daughter from a case study. We worked with life history and a dialogue was carried out with the subjectivation processes and self-care practices. Narrative interviews were thematically analyzed to organize the results: the resonances of maternal madness in the subjectivation processes; the self-care as a transforming horizon in the subjectivation processes; the work of subjectifying a transgenerational legacy; and the elaboration of the mother as a reference of motherhood. Among the results, the following stand out: the presence of ambivalent affections; the inconsistency of the maternal physical presence and psychic availability; and the development, on the part of the interviewee, of care practices aimed at herself and at the other. A trajectory marked by violence, issues of race, gender and class, social and economic difficulties that intensified the condition of psychic suffering

Cet article aborde les résonances de la folie maternelle dans la subjectivation d'une fille avec une étude de cas. Nous avons travaillé avec l'histoire de la vie et un dialogue a été mené avec les processus de subjectivation et les pratiques d'autosoins. Des entretiens narratifs ont été analysés de façon thématique pour organiser les résultats : les résonances de la folie maternelle dans les processus de subjectivation ; l'autosoins comme horizon transformant dans les processus de subjectivation ; le travail de subjectivation d'un héritage transgénérationnel et l'élaboration de la mère comme référence de la maternité. Parmi les résultats, ressortent : la présence d'affections ambivalentes, l'incohérence de la présence physique et de la disponibilité psychique maternelle et le développement, de la part de l'enquêtée, de pratiques de soins visant soi-même et l'autre. Une trajectoire marquée par des violences, des questions de race, de genre et de classe, des difficultés sociales et économiques qui ont intensifié l'état de souffrance psychique

Este artículo trata de las resonancias de la locura materna en la subjetivación de una hija mediante un estudio de caso. Se trabajó con la historia de vida y se dialogó con los procesos de subjetivación y prácticas de cuidado de sí. Se realizaron entrevistas narrativas de forma temática para organizar los resultados: las resonancias de la locura materna en los procesos de subjetivación; el cuidado de sí como horizonte transformador en los procesos de subjetivación; el trabajo de subjetivación de un legado transgeneracional y la elaboración de la madre como referente de la maternidad. Entre los resultados se destacan: la presencia de afectos ambivalentes, la inconsistencia de la presencia física materna y disponibilidad psíquica, y el desarrollo por parte de la entrevistada de prácticas de cuidado dirigidas a sí misma y al otro. Una trayectoria que estuvo marcada por cuestiones de raza, género y clase, dificultades sociales y económicas, y violencias que intensificaron la condición de sufrimiento psíquico

O que dizem os pais sobre o uso de internet por parte de seus filhos adolescentes? / What do parents say about their adolescent child's internet use? / ¿Qué dicen los padres sobre el uso de Internet por sus hijos adolescentes? / Que disent les parents de l'utilisation d'Internet par leurs adolescents?

Este estudo teve por objetivo compreender quais são as percepções e experiências de pais e mães de adolescentes brasileiros acerca do uso da internet por parte dos seus filhos. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo do qual participaram 12 genitores com idades entre 29 e 49 anos, sendo de 14 anos a média de idade dos seus filhos. Foram empregados dois roteiros de entrevista. Detectaram-se cinco modalidades de mediação parental: regras, restrição, observação, monitoramento e comunicação aberta. Esta última foi considerada a mais positiva pelos pais. Uma das maiores preocupações foi a facilidade com que a internet tem influenciado os adolescentes, demandando a necessidade de revisão das orientações parentais. Os pais se sentem angustiados e sem referências quanto ao manejo adequado do uso de internet pelos filhos, demonstrando dificuldade de ruptura com os padrões tanto de parentalidade quanto de mediação anteriormente aprendidos

This study reports on the perceptions and experiences of Brazilian parents regarding their adolescent children's internet use. A total of 12 parents aged 29 to 49, with children around 14 years old, participated in this qualitative study by answering two interview scripts. We identified five modalities of parental mediation: rules, restriction, observation, monitoring and open communication, with the latter being considered the most positive by the parents. A main concern was the ease with which the Internet has influenced their children, leading to revised parental guidelines. Parents feel distressed and lack references as to how to adequately manage children's internet use, demonstrating difficulty in breaking with previous patterns of both parenting and mediation

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender las percepciones y experiencias de padres y madres brasileños sobre el uso de Internet por parte de sus hijos adolescentes. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo en el que participaron 12 padres de entre 29 y 49 años, siendo 14 años la edad media de sus hijos. Se utilizaron dos guiones de entrevistas. Se detectaron cinco tipos de mediación parental: reglas, restricción, observación, seguimiento y comunicación abierta. Esta última fue considerada la más positiva por los padres. Una de las mayores preocupaciones fue la facilidad con la que la Internet ha influido en los adolescentes, exigiendo la necesidad de revisar las pautas de los padres. Los padres se sienten angustiados y sin referencias en cuanto al manejo adecuado del uso de Internet por sus hijos, lo que muestra dificultad de romper con los patrones tanto de crianza como de mediación aprendidos previamente

Cette étude visait à comprendre les perceptions et les expériences des pères et des mères d'adolescents brésiliens sur l'utilisation d'Internet par leurs enfants. Il s'agit d'une étude qualitative à laquelle ont participé 12 parents âgés entre 29 et 49 ans, l'âge moyen de leurs enfants étant de 14 ans. Deux scripts d'entrevue ont été utilisés. Cinq types de médiation parentale ont été détectés: règles, restriction, observation, surveillance et communication ouverte. Ce dernier était considéré comme le plus positif par les parents. L'une des plus grandes préoccupations était la facilité avec laquelle l'Internet a influencé les adolescents, exigeant la nécessité de revoir les directives parentales. Les parents se sentent en détresse et sans références quant à la bonne gestion de l'utilisation d'Internet de leurs enfants, montrant des difficultés à rompre avec les schémas de parentalité et de médiation appris précédemment

Un protocolo de intervención breve para adolescentes y padres en el tratamiento del consumo de drogas: un estudio piloto en una muestra brasileña / A brief intervention protocol for adolescents and parents in drug use treatment: a pilot study in a Brazilian sample

La participación de los padres en el tratamiento del consumo de drogas en adolescentes es un recurso fundamental para un buen progreso de la psicoterapia. El objetivo de este estudio piloto fue comprobar la viabilidad de la adaptación de la Intervención breve para adolescentes brasileños con consumo de drogas, con sesiones para los padres. La muestra estuvo formada por 28 adolescentes (de 14 a 18 años) con alto consumo de drogas residentes en una comunidad terapéutica con ingreso de larga duración. Para ello se compararon tres condiciones: 1) grupo con adolescentes y padres (GAP); 2) grupo solo con los adolescentes (GA) y 3) tratamiento habitual (TAU). El grupo GAP mostró una mejoría mayor que las otras condiciones de tratamiento. Este estudio demuestra la viabilidad de la aplicación de la terapia breve con padres y adolescentes consumidores de drogas en un contexto sociocultural diferente como es el brasileño. A pesar de ser un estudio piloto, la terapia breve mostró resultados esperanzadores. (AU)

The parents’ participation in adolescents’ drug use treatment is a fundamental resource for good progress. Therefore, this pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of a brief intervention for drug-using adolescents, which contains sessions for parents and was adapted to a Brazilian sample. The protocol adaptation was tested in 28 adolescents (aged 14-18 years) to compare three conditions: 1) Group with adolescent/parent (GAP); 2) group with adolescent only (GA) and 3) treatment as usual (TAU). GAP post-test outcomes reveal significant improvement. The experience could test the applicability of a protocol to the Brazilian context. Despite showing results from a pilot study, the brief interventiondemonstrated promising results. (AU)

Relaciones intra e intergeneracionales de jóvenes en movimiento con familias migrantes (Argentina) / Intra and intergenerational relationships of young people on the move with migrant families (Argentina) / Relações intra e intergeracionais de jovens em trânsito com famílias migrantes (Argentina)

Resumen (analítico) El trabajo se centra en cómo las movilidades territoriales de jóvenes escolarizados/as con familias migrantes inciden sobre las relaciones intra e intergeneracionales. Para ello trabajamos desde un abordaje etnográfico con jóvenes en espacios escolares de Argentina. Damos cuenta de que desde la perspectiva juvenil, el proyecto migratorio familiar suele ser motivo de tensiones intergeneracionales, principalmente en las formas en las cuales estos/as reconstruyen sus tránsitos escolares. Por otra parte, las experiencias de múltiples territorios aparecen en la reconstrucción de las trayectorias socioeducativas asociadas tanto a situaciones en las cuales se han sentido discriminados o estigmatizados por sus pares como a oportunidades de desarrollar nuevas amistades. En estos contextos observamos que la experiencia de "sentirse otro/a" puede tornarse en un "nosotros/as" donde se elaboran y negocian los sentidos de la amistad.

Abstract (analytical) The article focuses on how the territorial mobility of young people in formal education who are from migrant families affect their intra- and intergenerational relationships. We used an ethnographic approach with young people in schools in Argentina. We show that based on the perspectives of the young people who participated in the study, the family migratory project is usually a source of inter-generational tension, primarily in how they engage with their education. In addition, experiences of multiple territories appear in the reconstruction of socio-educational trajectories associated with both situations in which they have felt discriminated or stigmatized by their peers and with opportunities to develop new friendships. In these contexts, we observed that the experience of "feeling different" converts into a "we" in which the meanings of friendship are constructed and negotiated.

Resumo (analítico) O trabalho centra-se em como as mobilidades territoriais dos jovens na escola com famílias migrantes configuram as relações intra e intergeracionais. Para isso trabalhamos a partir de uma abordagem etnográfica com jovens em espaços escolares na Argentina Percebemos que, na perspectiva dos jovens, o projeto de migração familiar muitas vezes é fonte de tensões intergeracionais, principalmente nas formas como eles reconstroem seus trânsitos escolares. Por outro lado, experiências em múltiplos territórios aparecem na reconstrução de trajetórias socioeducativas associadas tanto a situações em que se sentiram discriminados ou estigmatizados por seus pares quanto a oportunidades de desenvolver novas amizades. Nesses contextos, observamos que a experiência de "sentir outro" pode se tornar um "nós" onde os significados da amizade são elaborados e negociados.

Parental obesity and the transition from teenagers of normal-weight to young adults with obesity in Mexico / Obesidad del padre y la madre y la transición de adolescentes de peso/talla normal hacia la obesidad en México

Abstract: Objective: To estimate to what extent the parental transition to obesity affects the likelihood that normal-weight teenagers also transition to obesity. We depart from the hypothesis that the transition to obesity specifically among parents is the main factor affecting the development of obesity during adolescence. Materials and methods: Using two rounds of the longitudinal Mexican Family Life Survey (MxFLS) and logistic regressions, we investigated how family weight-related characteristics affected the likelihood of teenagers 13 to 18 years of age in 2002 of becoming affected by obesity after seven to ten years. Results: The results confirm that if any of the parents were affected by obesity during the teenage period, the adolescent is more likely to become affected by obesity. Conclusions: Results confirm that, different from childhood obesity, the transition of parents to obesity during the adolescence of teenagers is the most important family factor affecting such transition.

Resumen: Objetivo: Calcular en qué medida la transición hacia la obesidad, específicamente del padre o la madre, tiene un impacto en el desarrollo de obesidad entre adolescentes. Material y métodos: Se utilizaron dos rondas de la Encuesta Nacional sobre Niveles de Vida de los Hogares (ENNViH) y regresiones logísticas para investigar cómo las características de peso/talla de los miembros del hogar afectan las probabilidades de que adolescentes desarrollen obesidad. Resultados: Cuando alguno de los padres desarrolla obesidad, el o la adolescente tiene más probabilidades de hacer una transición hacia la obesidad, en comparación con los casos en los que los padres mantienen un peso/talla normales. Conclusión: Se confirma que la transición de los padres durante la adolescencia es el principal factor que tiene un impacto en el desarrollo de obesidad entre adolescentes.

Recién nacidos hijos de madres adictas. Formas de presentación: no todo se trata de síndrome de abstinencia

RESUMEN El consumo de drogas ilegales por la mujer gestante puede ocasionar morbilidades potencialmente graves en el feto y recién nacido. Las manifestaciones en el niño pueden ser diversas, por lo que es necesario un alto índice de sospecha a fin de realizar el diagnóstico y tratamiento apropiados. Se presentan tres casos de recién nacidos, hijos de madres adictas, con variadas expresiones clínicas.

ABSTRACT Illegal drug consumption by pregnant women can cause potentially serious morbidities in the fetus and newborn. Manifestations in children can be diverse, so a high index of suspicion is necessary in order to appropriately diagnose and treat this condition. Three cases of newborns, born to mothers with substance-abuse disorder, with various clinical presentations are reviewed.

Infancias y colecho en la Argentina: factores sociodemográficos, socioeconómicos y de salud familiar / Bedsharing and childhood: socio-demographic, socio-economic and family health factors / Co-leito na infância: fatores sócio-demográficos, socioeconômicos e de saúde familiar

Resumen (analítico) Se caracteriza el fenómeno del colecho en términos sociodemográficos, socioeconómicos y en relación con las vulnerabilidades específicas de los hogares, tales como la violencia intrafamiliar y los consumos nocivos. A través de la Encuesta de la Deuda Social Argentina y un análisis multivariado cuantitativo, se abordan los siguientes interrogantes: ¿el colecho es una práctica asociada únicamente a los bebés?, ¿resulta más frecuente en contextos de pobreza o se trata de una práctica que atraviesa a diferentes infancias? Se concluye que el colecho no es un fenómeno exclusivo de los y las bebés; que en la adolescencia es más regresivo para las mujeres y que el factor socio-económico remite a un «colecho forzoso¼ que se especifica en interacción con el hacinamiento, la monoparentalidad, los consumos nocivos y la violencia intrafamiliar.

Abstract (analytical) This paper analyses the phenomenon of bed-sharing in terms of sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables, but also considers specific vulnerabilities like domestic violence and addictions. It is worth examining whether this practice is associated only with babies, or else if vulnerable contexts also have an impact on children's and adolescent's co-sleeping. The information was obtained through Social Debts in Argentina Survey, and this quantitative research concludes that in this country not only early years bed-share, the phenomenon impairs teenage girls more often and that the socio-economic factor plays a decisive role. For this reason, we propose the term "forced-bed-sharing", which refers to when co-sleeping is intensified by variables like overcrowding, single-parent family type, addictions and domestic violence.

Resumo (analítico) O artigo caracteriza o fenómeno do coleito considerando variáveis sócio demográficas e socioeconómicas, mas também vulnerabilidades específicas como a violência doméstica ou vícios. Neste contexto, perguntamo-nos: associa-se só aos bebés? Tem mais frequência em condições de vulnerabilidade? Esta prática tem um impacto ou motivações diferentes em relação ás características das crianças? A informação foi obtida através do Questionário da Dívida Social Argentina, e o desenho de pesquisa quantitativo conclui que não é somente um fenómeno exclusivo da primeira infância, na adolescência é mais frequente em meninas e que o fator socioeconómico é decisivo. Por isso, propomos o termo "coleito forçoso", que refere a quando a regularidade da cama compartilhada se intensifica por variáveis como a superlotação, o tipo de família monoparental, vícios e violência doméstica.

¿Los hijos de pacientes con trastorno bipolar tienen una peor percepción de la calidad de sueño? / Do Children of Patients with Bipolar Disorder have a Worse Perception of Sleep Quality?

RESUMEN Introducción: los Hijos de Padres con Trastorno Bipolar (HPTB) constituyen una población de riesgo ya que pueden heredar el Trastorno Bipolar (TB) como también manifestaciones clínicas tempranas como seria las alteraciones en el sueño. Objetivo: comparar la presencia de trastornos psiquiátricos y las alteraciones en el sueño de los HPTB con los Hijos de Padres Control (HPC). Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico de corte transversal, que comparó HPTB versus HPC. Se entrevistaron con instrumentos validados para determinar la existencia de síntomas y trastornos psiquiátricos. Utilizamos las escalas: "Cuestionario de evaluación de sueño" y "Encuesta sobre hábitos de sueño en escolares" para determinarlas características del sueño y factores asociados con el mismo. Adicionalmente se obtuvo el registro de sueño (7-21 días) por medio de un reloj de actígrafia. Resultados: Se reunió una muestra con 42 sujetos (18 HPTB y 24 HPC). Se encontraron diferencias en la presentación de los trastornos psiquiátricos. El grupo de HPTB presento mayor frecuencia del trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM; p = 0,04) y el trastorno disruptivo de la regulación emocional (TDRE, p = 0,04). En el grupo de HPC por su parte se presentó una mayor frecuencia de Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH; p = 0,65) y de Trastorno de Ansiedad por Separación (TAS; p = 0,46). También se encontraron diferencias a nivel del sueño en las medidas subjetivas. En comparación con el HPC, el grupo de HPTB presento una peor percepción de la calidad de sueño (p = 0,02), una mayor presencia de pesadillas (p = 0,01), un menor tiempo total de sueño y una mayor latencia de sueño. Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias entre los dos grupos en las mediciones de actigrafías. Conclusiones: el grupo de HPTB presenta mayor frecuencia de trastornos del estado de ánimo, y a su vez una mayor presencia de alteraciones del sueño en las medidas subjetivas. Es posible que exista una asociación entre los síntomas afectivos, las alteraciones en el sueño y el consumo de café. No se encontraron diferencias en el perfil de sueño por actígrafía. © 2020 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. Todos los derechos reservados. Children

ABSTRACT Introduction: The offspring of bipolar parents (BO) is a high-risk population for inheriting the bipolar disorder (BD) and other early clinical manifestations, such as sleep disturbances. Objective: To compare the presence of psychiatric disorders and sleep disturbances of BO versus offspring of control parents (OCP). Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted that compared BO versus OCP. The participants were assessed using valid tools to determine the presence of psychiatric symptoms or disorders. The "Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire" and "School Sleep Habits Survey" were used to determine sleep characteristics and associated factors. Sleep records (7-21 days) were also obtained by using an actigraphy watch. Results: A sample of 42 participants (18 BO and 24 OCP) was recruited. Differences were found in the presentation of the psychiatric disorder. The BO group showed a higher frequency of major depression disorder (MDD; P = .04) and Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD; P = .04). The OCP group showed a higher frequency of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD; P = .65), and Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD; P = .46). Differences were also found in sleep by using subjective measurements. Compared to the OCP group, BO had a worse perception of quality of sleep (P = .02), a higher frequency of nightmares (P = .01), a shorter total sleep time, and a higher sleep latency. Nevertheless, no differences were found between groups in the actigraphy measurements. Conclusions: The BO group had a higher frequency of Mood Disorders, and at the same time a higher number of sleep disturbances in the subjective measurements. It is possible that there is an association between mood symptoms, sleep disturbances, and coffee intake. No differences were found in the sleep profile by using actigraphy. © 2020 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Do Children of Patients with Bipolar Disorder have a Worse Perception of Sleep Quality?

INTRODUCTION: The offspring of bipolar parents (BO) is a high-risk population for inheriting the bipolar disorder (BD) and other early clinical manifestations, such as sleep disturbances. OBJECTIVE: To compare the presence of psychiatric disorders and sleep disturbances of BO versus offspring of control parents (OCP). METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted that compared BO versus OCP. The participants were assessed using valid tools to determine the presence of psychiatric symptoms or disorders. The "Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire" and "School Sleep Habits Survey" were used to determine sleep characteristics and associated factors. Sleep records (7-21 days) were also obtained by using an actigraphy watch. RESULTS: A sample of 42 participants (18 BO and 24 OCP) was recruited. Differences were found in the presentation of the psychiatric disorder. The BO group showed a higher frequency of major depression disorder (MDD; P = .04) and Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD; P = .04). The OCP group showed a higher frequency of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD; P = .65), and Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD; P = .46). Differences were also found in sleep by using subjective measurements. Compared to the OCP group, BO had a worse perception of quality of sleep (P = .02), a higher frequency of nightmares (P = .01), a shorter total sleep time, and a higher sleep latency. Nevertheless, no differences were found between groups in the actigraphy measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The BO group had a higher frequency of Mood Disorders, and at the same time a higher number of sleep disturbances in the subjective measurements. It is possible that there is an association between mood symptoms, sleep disturbances, and coffee intake. No differences were found in the sleep profile by using actigraphy.