Variante de Dandy Walker: reporte de un caso / Dandy-Walker variant: Case report

Introducción: La variante de Dandy Walker se define como una hipoplasia variable del vermis cerebeloso, con o sin aumento de la fosa posterior y sin elevación del tentorio. Objetivo: Describir el caso de una enfermedad poco frecuente y hacer énfasis en la necesidad de precisar la etiología de malformaciones prenatales en niños que son clasificados erróneamente como parálisis cerebral secundaria a asfixia, así como su manejo multidisciplinario. Caso clínico: Paciente varón, de 8 años de edad, con antecedentes de parálisis cerebral infantil, epilepsia y retraso del desarrollo, que fue ingresado por historia de convulsiones tónico-clónicas. Durante su hospitalización presentó múltiples episodios convulsivos, controlados con anticonvulsivantes. Se realizó tomografía computarizada, observándose comunicación entre la cisterna magna y el cuarto ventrículo; este último aumentado de tamaño. Además, el vermis del cerebelo presentaba hipoplasia parcial, siendo estos hallazgos compatibles con una variante del síndrome Dandy Walker. Conclusión: La variante de Dandy Walker puede ser sintomática o asintomática, y las imágenes encontradas no necesariamente se relacionan con las alteraciones del desarrollo, debido a los múltiples síndromes y alteraciones cromosómicas vinculadas a este cuadro. La presentación clínica y el pronóstico dependen de las alteraciones presentes. Por ello, es importante un manejo multidisciplinario considerando que el tratamiento depende de los síntomas presentados.

Introduction: Dandy Walker variant is defined by a variable hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermix with or without posterior fossa increase and without tentorium elevation. Objective: describe the case of a rare disease and emphasise the need to clarify the aetiology of prenatal malformations, as well as its multidisciplinary management. Case report: A male patient, 8 years of age, with a history of Infantile Cerebral Palsy and epilepsy, who was admitted with a history of tonic-clonic seizures. He was admitted due to psycho-motor developmental delay. During his hospitalisation, he had multiple seizure episodes, controlled with anticonvulsants. A computerized tomography was performed, in which communication was observed between the cisterna magna and fourth ventricle (the latter increased in size). In addition, the cerebellar vermix showed a partial hypoplasia. All these findings were compatible with a variant of the Dandy Walker syndrome. Conclusion: Dandy Walker variant may be asymptomatic and the images found may not indicate them as the cause of developmental disorders, due to its association with multiple syndromes and chromosomal abnormalities. Clinical presentation and prognosis depends on the related disorders, and a multidisciplinary approach is important, because the treatment depends on the symptoms presented.

[Dandy-Walker variant: Case report]. / Variante de Dandy Walker: reporte de un caso.

INTRODUCTION: Dandy Walker variant is defined by a variable hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermix with or without posterior fossa increase and without tentorium elevation. OBJECTIVE: describe the case of a rare disease and emphasise the need to clarify the aetiology of prenatal malformations, as well as its multidisciplinary management. CASE REPORT: A male patient, 8 years of age, with a history of Infantile Cerebral Palsy and epilepsy, who was admitted with a history of tonic-clonic seizures. He was admitted due to psycho-motor developmental delay. During his hospitalisation, he had multiple seizure episodes, controlled with anticonvulsants. A computerized tomography was performed, in which communication was observed between the cisterna magna and fourth ventricle (the latter increased in size). In addition, the cerebellar vermix showed a partial hypoplasia. All these findings were compatible with a variant of the Dandy Walker syndrome. CONCLUSION: Dandy Walker variant may be asymptomatic and the images found may not indicate them as the cause of developmental disorders, due to its association with multiple syndromes and chromosomal abnormalities. Clinical presentation and prognosis depends on the related disorders, and a multidisciplinary approach is important, because the treatment depends on the symptoms presented.