Medical conditions, symptoms of anxiety, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in a population sample of Lima, Peru.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to determine differences between the number of underlying medical conditions, depression, and anxiety, when controlling for the covariates of age, sex, and completed education. METHODS: Participants (n = 484) indicated the number of medical conditions present during the survey, also including the PHQ-9 and GAD-7, to assess depression and anxiety, respectively. RESULTS: Differences were found between groups of medical conditions and the combined values of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 after controlling for the covariates mentioned above (F4,954 = 5.78; Wilks' Λ = 0.95; P < 0.0005). The univariate tests showed differences for PHQ-9 (F2,478 = 8.70; P < 0.0005) and GAD-7 (F2,478 = 11.16; P < 0.0005) between the 3 groups. Finally, post-hoc analysis showed differences between participants with one medical condition and with no medical condition (PHQ-9: MD = 1.82; 95%CI, 0.25-3.40; GAD-7: MD = 1.73; 95%CI, 0.55-2.91), and between participants with more than one medical condition and participants with no medical condition (PHQ-9: MD = 3.10; 95%CI, 1.11-5.10; GAD-7: MD = 2.46; 95%CI, 0.97-3.95). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that people who had a medical condition during the COVID-19 pandemic were more prone to developing severe symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Epilepsy in art: a historical exploration of representations across eras / Epilepsia na arte: uma exploração histórica de representações através de épocas

This narrative review explores the diverse representations of epilepsy in art across different historical periods, examining the intersection of artistic expression with evolving cultural, medical, and societal perceptions. Beginning with ancient and medieval depictions intertwined with religious symbolism, the paper progresses through the Renaissance, and Baroque, and transitions into modern and avant-garde movements. Each period reflects changing attitudes towards epilepsy, from divine interpretations, and religious concerns to anatomical realism and, later, explorations of psychological themes. The contemporary lens focuses on inclusive and empathetic portrayals, utilizing digital media to challenge stigmas and foster understanding.

Esta revisão narrativa explora as diversas representações da epilepsia na arte em diferentes períodos históricos, examinando a intersecção da expressão artística com a evolução das percepções culturais, médicas e sociais. Começando com representações antigas e medievais entrelaçadas com simbolismo religioso, o artigo avança através da Renascença e do Barroco, e transita para movimentos modernos e de vanguarda. Cada período reflete mudanças de atitudes em relação à epilepsia, desde interpretações divinas e preocupações religiosas até o realismo anatômico e, mais tarde, explorações de temas psicológicos. A lente contemporânea centra-se em representações inclusivas e empáticas, utilizando meios digitais para desafiar estigmas e promover a compreensão.

Fatores de risco do câncer de próstata: estudo caso-controle no Nordeste do Brasil / Risk factors of prostate cancer: a case- control study in Northeast Brazil

Este estudo caso-controle teve como objetivo identificar os fatores que modificam o risco de câncer de próstata em pacientes de um hospital público da Paraíba. Dados de 91 pacientes e 91 controles saudáveis pareados por idade (± 5 anos) foram obtidos de prontuários médicos e entrevistas pessoais. A razão de chance e os intervalos de confiança foram determinados por meio de análise de regressão. Pacientes e controles tinham em média 69,56 (DP = 8,31) e 68,32 (DP = 7,68) anos (p = 0,297). Afrodescendentes e homens que já fumaram, tiveram um risco 4,150 e 3,939 vezes maior (p <0,001; p <0,001). A história familiar aumentou o risco 6,967 vezes (p <0,001). Ascendência africana, tabagismo e história familiar aumentaram o risco de câncer de próstata. As recomendações das autoridades de saúde em relação ao rastreamento do câncer de próstata poderiam se concentrar mais nos homens com esses fatores de risco.

This case-control study aimed on the identification of factors that modified prostate cancer risk of patients in a public hospital of Paraíba. Data from 91 patients with prostate cancer and 91 age- matched (±5 years) healthy controls were obtained from medical records and personal interviews. Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were determined using regression analysis. Patients and controls were on average 69.56 (SD= 8.31) and 68.32 (SD= 7.68) years old (p = 0.297). In a model of multiple regression analysis, Afrodescendants and men who ever smoked had a 4.150 and 3.939 times increased risk (p < 0.001; p < 0.001). Family history of first- degree relatives was associated with a 6.967 (p < 0.001) increased risk of prostate cancer. African ancestry, smoking and family history increased the risk of prostate cancer. Recommendations of health authorities regarding prostate cancer screening could stronger focus on men with these risk factors.

History of the E.I. Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Medicine: research on malaria and leishmaniasis / História do Instituto E.I. Martsinovsky de Parasitologia Médica e Medicina Tropical: pesquisa sobre malária e leishmaniose

Abstract This review presents the 100-year history of the Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Medicine in Moscow, Russia, starting with its foundation and early activities, and also describes the impact of its leading scientists, some of whom became internationally known. The institute headed a network of nine tropical institutes in the various Soviet republics from the 1920s to 1990. The extensive body of literature on the history and research accomplishments of this institute has mainly been published in Russian; our goal here is to introduce these achievements and this expertise to the international scientific and medical community, focusing on malaria and leishmaniasis and the development of measures to control and monitor these diseases in the USSR.

Resumo O artigo analisa a história centenária do Instituto Martsinovsky de Parasitologia Médica e Medicina Tropical em Moscou, Rússia, desde sua fundação e primeiras atividades, e descreve a influência de seus principais cientistas, alguns dos quais viriam a conquistar renome internacional. O instituto liderou uma rede de nove institutos tropicais em diversas repúblicas soviéticas entre as décadas de 1920 e 1990. A vasta literatura sobre o trabalho de história e pesquisa desse instituto foi publicada sobretudo em russo; nosso objetivo aqui é apresentar esse trabalho e conhecimento à comunidade médica e científica internacional, concentrando-se na malária e na leishmaniose e no avanço de medidas de controle e monitoramento dessas doenças na URSS.

Radiología e imagen / Radiology and image

Resumen Se dice que una imagen dice más que 1,000 palabras y el Dr. Ramírez-Arias se ha dedicado a ahorrar palabras y nos acompaña en un recorrido por la historia de su especialidad. Recorre los avances tecnológicos y sus descubridores, merecedores de Premios Nobel. En la lectura vislumbramos el perfeccionamiento de herramientas y las técnicas radiológicas e imagenología. Ahora el radiólogo extendió su mirada hacia la intervención y hacia una imagenología molecular que avanza vertiginosamente y que ofrece un campo poco explorado para los médicos que se están formando y buscan un campo de desarrollo, tanto en una especialidad médica como en la posibilidad de aportar conocimiento a través de la investigación.

Abstract People say that a picture is worth a thousand words and Dr. Ramírez-Arias has dedicated his life to save up words and he now joins us for a walk along the history of his specialty. He revises those who discovered some radiologic techniques and were awarded with the Nobel Prize. While reading, we visualize an improvement of the tools in radiologic and imageologic techniques. Nowadays the radiologists are extending their views to molecular imagenology which has developed rapidly and that offers to the new physicians a field of opportunities with the possibility to produce new knowledge by doing research besides their work as specialists in image.

Hipercolesterolemia en los padres e historia dínica familiar como predictores de hipercolesterolemia en los hijos / Parental hypercholesterolemia and family medical history as predictors of hypercholesterolemia in their children

Introducción.La hipercolesterolemia en los padres sería mejor predictor de hipercolesterolemia en niños que la historia clínica familiar. Objetivos. Comparar las fuerzas de asociación y los valores de predicción de la hipercolesterolemia en padres y la historia clínica familiar positiva con la hipercolesterolemia en hijos. Material y métodos. Estudio analítico, transversal. Se dosó colesterolemia en niños ≥ 6 y < 12 años y sus padres biológicos. Se realizó una encuesta a los padres. Se evaluó la asociación mediante el cálculo de odds ratio. Se determinó su valor de predicción. Se estudió la relación entre la hipercolesterolemia en padres y en hijos usando la regresión multinivel. Resultados. Se evaluaron 332 niños, 304 madres y 206 padres. El análisis entre uno/ambos progenitores con colesterolemia ≥ 240 mg/dl y niños ≥ 200 mg/dl mostró OR= 6,40; IC95 % =2,85-14,48; p <0,0001; sensibilidad= 69 %; espedhcidad= 74 %; valor predictivo positivo (VPP)= 34 %; valor predictivo negativo (VPN)= 93 %; razones de verosimilitud positiva (RVP)= 2,69; negativa (RVN)= 0,42. La historia clínica familiar vs. niños con colesterolemia ≥ 200 arrojó OR= 1,86; IC95 %= 0,84-4,11; p= 0,1272; sensibilidad= 69 %; especificidad= 46 %; VPP= 19 %; VPN= 89 %; RVP= 1,27; RVN= 0,68. Los hijos tuvieron 2,9 y 2,5 más mg/dl de colesterol por cada 10 mg/dl de aumento en colesterol en madres y padres, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La hipercolesterolemia en padres se asoció significativamente con la hipercolesterolemia en hijos y mostró mayor poder de predicción que la historia clínica familiar positiva.

Introduction. Parental hypercholesterolemia would be a better predictor of hypercholesterolemia than family medical history in children. Objectives. To compare the strength of association and predictive values of parental hypercholesterolemia versus a positive family history in pediatric hypercholesterolemia. Material and methods. Cross-sectional, analytical study. Cholesterol levels were measured in children aged ≥ 6 and < 12 years and in their biological parents. A survey was administered to parents. The association was estimated using the odds ratio (OR), and its predictive value was determined. The relationship between hypercholesterolemia in parents and their children was studied with multilevel regression. Results. A total of 332 children, 304 mothers, and 206 fathers were assessed. A cholesterol level ≥ 240 mg/dL in one or both parents and ≥ 200 mg/dL in children showed: OR= 6.40; 95 % confidence interval (CI)= 2.85-14.48; p < 0.0001; sensitivity= 69 %; specihcity= 74 %; positive predictive value (PPV)= 34 %; negative predictive value (NPV)= 93 %; positive likelihood ratio (LR+)= 2.69; negative likelihood ratio (LR-)= 0.42. Family medical history versus children with cholesterol level ≥ 200 showed: OR= 1.86; 95 % CI= 0.84-4.11; p= 0.1272; sensitivity= 69 %; specihcity= 46 %; PPV= 19 %; NPV= 89 %; LR+= 1.27; LR-= 0.68. Cholesterol was 2.9 and 2.5 mg/dL higher per every 10 mg/dL of increased cholesterol in mothers and fathers, respectively. Conclusions: Parental hypercholesterolemia was significantly associated with hypercholesterolemia in children and showed a higher predictive power than a positive family medical history.

La ficha clínica mirada desde la legislación chilena actual / Clinical record looked at from the current Chilean legislation / A ficha clínica vista a partir da legislação chilena atual

Resumen: La historia o ficha clínica ha servido de instrumento de registro de las actividades sanitarias desde el inicio de las profesiones de salud, otorgándosele diversas utilidades y valoraciones, según su objetivo, un valor docente, en investigación, judicial, entre otros. Ante las diferentes interpretaciones de las normas vigentes en Chile se ha debido legislar en su uso, pertenencia, contenido y otros aspectos, aclarando algunas situaciones pero restringiendo su acceso en otros aspectos. Dado las distintas leyes y normativas a las que se asocia su uso, se hizo necesario elaborar un documento que incluya sus aspectos más importantes. Aún quedan elementos asociados a las costumbres, creencias, especialidades en salud, entre otras, que no han sido abordados por las leyes, además de la labor docente de este instrumento.

Abstract: The history or clinical record has served as an element of registration of health activities since the beginning of the health professions, granting him other utilities and valuations according to their objective, as a teaching value, in research, judicial, among others. Given the different interpretations of the norms in force in Chile, it has had to legislate in its use, membership, content and other aspects of the clinical file, clarifying some situations, but restricting their access in other aspects. Given the different laws and regulations associated with its use, it became necessary to produce a document that collects its most important aspects. There are still aspects associated with customs, beliefs, specialties in health, among others, that have not been addressed by the Laws, in addition to the teaching work of this instrument.

Resumo: A história ou ficha clínica tem servido como instrumento de registro das atividades sanitárias desde o início das profissões de saúde, concedendo-se a elas vários utilitários e valorações de acordo com sua finalidade: ensino, pesquisa, valor jurídico, entre outros. Para as diferentes interpretações das normas vigentes no Chile havia de legislar em seu uso, composição, conteúdo e outros aspectos da ficha clínica, esclarecendo algumas situações, mas restringindo seu acesso em outros aspectos. Tendo em conta as diferentes leis e regulamentos aos quais o seu uso está associado, tornou-se necessário apresentar um documento que reúne os aspectos mais importantes. Existem ainda os aspectos associados a costumes, crenças, especialidades em saúde, entre outros, que não foram abordadas pelas leis, além do ensino deste instrumento.

Sistema para digitalización del electrocardiograma e historia médica computarizada aplicada a cardiología

Este trabajo presenta el desarrollo de un sistema formado por dos partes. La primera parte consiste en un módulo hardware diseñado para digitalizar el electrocardiograma (ECG) de cualquier electrocardiógrafo con salida analógica, y transmitir los datos a un computador personal (PC). La segunda parte del sistema consiste en un software programado en el computador, que tiene por finalidad manipular y almacenar los datos del paciente y el registro del ECG obtenido, en un formato de historia médica computarizada aplicada a cardiología. Entre las tareas que realiza el sistema se pueden nombrar: adquisición y muestreo de la señal ECG proveniente del electrocardiógrafo analógico, transmisión en forma serial al computador, visualización de la señal en tiempo real, almacenamiento digital de la historia médica de cada paciente, así como de cada una de las consultas y registros de ECG realizados, y generación de reporte para la impresión en papel de las 12 derivaciones electrocardiográficas. Como resultado de este trabajo se construyó un prototipo, el cual se encuentra actualmente en validación clínica en el Hospital Universitario de Los Andes. Este sistema ayuda a modernizar los antiguos electrocardiógrafos analógicos, transformándolos en electrocardiógrafos digitales de bajo costo, con todas las ventajas de los equipos de última generación. Además, permite el almacenamiento ordenado de las historias médicas de los pacientes, con fácil acceso a cada una de las consultas y los registros de ECG realizados con anterioridad.

This work presents the development of a system formed by two parts. The first part consists on a module hardware designed to digitize the electrocardiogram (ECG) of any electrocardiograph with analog exit and to transmit the data to a personal computer (PC). The second part of the system consists on a software programmed in the computer that has the purpose of manipulate and store the patient’s data and also perform the registration of the obtained ECG, this data is taken in a format of on-line medical history applied to cardiology. Among the tasks that carries the system can be named: Acquisition and sampling of the sign ECG coming from the analog electrocardiograph, transmission in serial form to the computer, visualization of the sign in real time, digital storage of each patient’s medical history, as well as of each one of the consultations and registrations of carried ECG, and report generation for the impression in paper of the 12 derivations of ECG. As result of this work, a prototype was built, which is at the moment in clinical validation in the University Hospital of The Andes. This system helps to modernize the old analogical electrocardiographs, transforming them in digital electrocardiographs of low cost, with all the advantages of the teams of last generation. It also allows the orderly storage of the medical histories of the patients with easy access to each one of the consultations and the registrations of ECG carried out previously.