Evolución clínica, funcional y radiológica de pacientes trasplantados pulmonares con síndrome de bronquiolitis obliterante y disfunción de injerto pulmonar restrictivo / Clinical, functional and radiological evolution of pulmonary transplant patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and restrictive graft dysfunction

Resumen La principal complicación a largo plazo en trasplantados de pulmón es la disfunción crónica de injerto identificado como bronquiolitis obliterante, existiendo un nuevo patrón denominado Disfunción de Injerto Restrictivo. Objetivo: Evaluar seguimiento espirométrico, radiológico y clínico entre pacientes con síndrome de bronquiolitis obliterante (SBO) y Disfunción de Injerto Restrictivo (DIR) post trasplante pulmonar. Metodología: Se revisaron registros clínicos de trasplantados pulmonares desde 1999 hasta 2017. Se efectuó seguimiento espirométrico e imágenes por tomografía de tórax y factores asociados: infección por Citomegalovirus(CMV), reflujo gastro-esofágico (RGE) y episodios de rechazo agudo. Se analizó sobrevida por Kaplan Meier. Resultados: De 88 pacientes trasplantados de pulmón, 40 desarrollaron disfunción crónica de injerto: 31 (80%) presentaron SBO y 9 (20%) tuvieron DIR. Edad promedio: 47 años en SBO y 46 años en DIR. Siendo fibrosis pulmonar la patología basal predominante en ambos. En SBO se consignaron 14 episodios de rechazo agudo (50%), infección por CMV en 18% y RGE activo en 26%. En la serie DIR hubo 5 episodios de rechazo agudo (62%), 13% de infección por CMV y 67% de RGE activo 6 (p = 0,02). En el seguimiento a 1-2-4-5 años el promedio del VEF1 en SBO fue: 67,3,65, 60 y 48% del valor predicho y en DIR fue 61, 65, 62 y 45% respectivamente. Las imágenes tomográficas en SBO mostraron: hiperinflación y en DIR: fibrosis pleuropulmonar superior. La sobrevida fue de 96,9 meses en SBO y 65,6 meses en DIR (p = 0,06). Conclusions: La disfunción restrictiva presentó menor sobrevida que SBO. RGE se asoció a rechazo restrictivo. La tomografía de tórax difiere en ambos tipos de rechazo crónico.

The main long-term complication in lung transplant patients is chronic graft dysfunction identified as bronchiolitis obliterans, and there is a new pattern called Restrictive Graft Dysfunction. Objective: To evaluate spirometric, radiological and clinical follow-up among patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and Restrictive Allograft Syndrome (RAS) after lung transplantation. Methodology: Lung transplant recipients ' clinical records were reviewed from 1999 to 2017. We carried out a follow up of spirometry, chest tomography imaging and associated factors: cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and episodes of acute rejection. Survival was analyzed by Kaplan Meier. Results: Out of 88 lung transplant patients, 40 developed chronic graft dysfunction: 31 (80%) presented BOS and 9 (20%) had RAS. Mean age: 47 yr.o. in BOS and 46 yr. o. in RAS. Lung fibrosis was the primary pathology predominant in both conditions. In BOS were reported 14 episodes of acute rejection (50%), CMV infection in 18% and active GER in 26%. In RAS there were 5 episodes of acute rejection (62%), CMV infection in 13% and active GER in 67% (p = 0.02). VEF1 follow-up at 1-2-4-5 years averaged 67, 65, 60 and 8% of reference value in BOS and 61, 65, 62 and 45% in RAS respectively. CT scans showed hyperinflation in BOS and upper pleuropulmonary fibrosis in RAS. BOS survival time was 96.9 months versus 65.6 months in RAS (p = 0.06). Conclusiones: Restrictive dysfunction presented a lower survival rate than BOS. GER was associated with restrictive rejection. Chest tomography differs in both types of chronic rejection.

Uso de homoinjertos en el quemado grave. Presentación de un caso / The use of skin graft on patients with serious skin burns. Presentation a case

El homoinjerto es en la actualidad una de las mejores cobertura de tratamiento en la especialidad de Cirugía reconstructiva y Quemado, ya que constituye una barrera, disminuyendo la pérdida de agua, electrolitos y proteínas, reduciendo la frecuencia de las infecciones y aliviando el dolor. Con el objetivo de dar a conocer la técnica de homoinjerto a través de un caso clínico. Metodológicamente se abordó la alternativa de hacer uso de piel de las piezas de excéresis de las dermolipectomías y mastoplastias reductoras. Los resultados obtenidos fueron satisfactorios por lo que se concluye que esta estrategia resulta de gran utilidad para abastecer la amplia cobertura cutánea en grandes quemadoscon un costo mínimo(AU)

Nowadays, the use of skin graft is one of best treatment coverage on the speciality of Reconstructive and Burnt out Surgery. The introduction of this research is aimed to let people to know the skin graft techniques through a clinical case. Methodology: it was used the alternative of using skin pieces to remove the skin of the dermolipeptomy and reduction mastoplasty. The results gathered were positives, and thats why we can say that the strategy comes to result of a great benefit to supply the wide skin coverage on patients withserious skin burns with a minimum cost(AU)

[Extensor mechanism allograft and radiotherapy in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas around the knee: Presentation of two clinical cases]. / Homoinjerto de aparato extensor y radioterapia en el tratamiento de sarcomas de partes blandas del entorno de la rodilla. A propósito de 2 casos clínicos.

OBJECTIVE: Knee involvement of soft tissue sarcomas is rare and very difficult to treat. Reconstruction of the extensor mechanism of the knee is essential to restore the functionality. Functional outcome is compromised by poor soft tissue coverage, adjuvant local radiotherapy, and resection of the extensor apparatus. No results were found in the literature as regards treatment by resection and reconstruction of the extensor mechanism in combination with adjuvant radiotherapy. The effects of radiotherapy are also unknown in the allografts. MATERIAL AND METHOD: . Two cases are presented of soft tissue sarcoma around de knee treated by resection, reconstruction of the extensor mechanism with cryopreserved cadaver allograft, and local radiotherapy. RESULTS: After more than 3 years of follow up, both patients are free of disease and have a good joint balance. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Resection of the tumor with adequate safety margins and reconstruction using cadaveric allograft preserves the extensor mechanism and function of the limb. The soft tissue coverage is an added problem that can be solved by propeller fasciocutaneous flap coverage. After surgery, the limb must be immobilized with a knee brace locked in extension. Local radiotherapy contributes to local control of the disease. The reconstruction of the extensor mechanism of the knee with allograft is a functional alternative to amputation, and it does not contraindicate adjuvant radiotherapy to improve local control of the disease.