O Sistema CEP/Conep e as pesquisas em ciências humanas e sociais: outras éticas, outras semânticas / The CEP/Conep System and research in human and social sciences: other ethics, other semantics / El Sistema CEP/Conep y las investigaciones en ciencias humanas y sociales: otras éticas, otras semánticas

Esta nota de conjuntura tem o objetivo de evidenciar algumas questões importantes sobre como se configura o Sistema CEP/Conep e as implicações dessa regulação no campo das ciências humanas e sociais. Primeiro, explicito o que consiste esse sistema para, em seguida, esboçar as controvérsias provenientes desse controle, que tem como aspecto central, ser regido pelo que a análise do Estado e sua organização burocrática chamam de lógica cartorial

This note aims to highlight some important questions about the configuration of the CEP/CONEP System and the implications of this regulation in the field of human and social sciences. First, I will explain what is this system, and then I will outline the controversies resulting from this control, which has as central aspect, to be governed by the so-called notarial logic, according to the analysis of the State and its bureaucratic organization

Esta nota de coyuntura tiene como objetivo poner en evidencia algunas cuestiones importantes sobre como es configurado el Sistema CEP/CONEP y las implicaciones de esta normativa para el campo de las ciencias humanas y sociales. Primero explicaré en que consiste ese sistema y, en seguida, esbozaré las controversias que surgen de ese control, que tiene como aspecto central ser regido por lo que el análisis del Estado y su organización burocrática denominan lógica notarial

As ciências sociais e humanas e a pandemia de COVID-19 / The social and human sciences and the COVID-19 pandemic

Resumo O artigo aborda os desafios enfrentados pelas ciências sociais e humanas na epidemia/pandemia de COVID-19. Esta revisão se refere somente a alguns aspectos, aproximando-se do chamado paradigma indiciário de Ginsburg ao enunciar que "a realidade é opaca, existem zonas privilegiadas - sinais, indícios - que permitem decifrá-la". De um modo geral, as pesquisas em ciências sociais e humanas voltadas para a crise sanitária são de fundamental importância - primeira afirmação: tanto no período de disseminação da doença como na pós-pandemia; segunda afirmação: a epidemia não se restringe a um evento viral.

Abstract This paper addresses the challenges the social and human sciences face in the COVID-19 epidemic/pandemic. This review refers only to a few aspects, approaching the so-called Ginzburg evidential paradigm by stating that "reality is opaque; there are privileged areas - signs, indications - that make us decipher it". In general, research in the social and human sciences focused on the health crisis is fundamental: First statement: both in the disease spread period and the post-pandemic period. Second statement: the epidemic is not restricted to a viral event.

The post-organic cowboy: A biopolitical response of daily resistance to the dispossession of land in Meta (Colombia) / El vaquero post-orgánico: una respuesta biopolítica de resistencias cotidianas ante el despojo de tierras en el meta (colombia)

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de entender las dinámicas en las que se piensa e interviene el territorio para llevar a la población al desplazamiento y despojo vía armada o administrativa se efectuaron 87 entrevistas a líderes sociales entre 2019-2021 que permitieron realizar un análisis histórico de procesos asociados a la ocupación de tierras en el departamento del Meta, bajo la relación Monstruo-Monstruosidad asociada a la tecnología desde los métodos mecánicos del Estado y/o los métodos bioinformáticos del mercado". Los resultados exponen un territorio que inicia desde el cuerpo, como un espacio biopolítico y bioeconómico de confrontación. Lo anterior es analizado a través de las metáforas del vaquero-romántico, la devoradora-de-Hombres, la tierra-del-futuro y el vaquero-post-orgánico, exponiendo un pensamiento nómada con un espíritu de resistencia intelectual y de emancipación histórica. Se concluye que el carácter semiológico de la vida cotidiana con la tecnología permite el empoderamiento, la visibilización y la reconfiguración político-económica del territorio.

ABSTRACT In order to understand the dynamics in which the territory is thought of and interfered with, to lead to the displacement and dispossession of the population by armed or administrative means, 87 interviews with social leaders between 2019-2021 were carried out to allow for a historical analysis of processes associated with the occupation of lands in the department of Meta, under the Monster-Monstrosity relationship associated with technology from the mechanical methods of the State and / or the bioinformatics methods of the market. The results expose a territory that begins in the body, as a biopolitical and bioeconomic space of confrontation. The above is analyzed through the metaphors of the romantic cowboy, the man-eater, the land-of-the-future, and the post-organic cowboy, exposing a nomadic thought with a spirit of intellectual resistance and historical emancipation. It is concluded that the semiological character of daily life with technology allows for the empowerment, the visibility, and the political-economic reconfiguration of the territory

As ciências humanas no projeto da UNISC / Human sciences in the UNISC project

Em sua reflexão, a professora Suzana resgata aspectos do debate sobre Universidade que orientou o processo político que antecedeu a concretização de um movimento político em favor da criação da Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul. No decorrer de sua análise, defende que a memória daquela reflexão e daquele processo político tem valor para a compreensão do significado e do papel das Ciências Humanas na Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul.(AU)

In her reflection, Professor Suzana recovers aspects of the reflection on the University that guided the political process that preceded the realization of a political movement in favor of the creation of the University of Santa Cruz do Sul. In the course of her analysis, she argues that the memory of that reflection and that political process has value for understanding the meaning and role of Human Sciences at the University of Santa Cruz do Sul.(AU)

História, ciência e saúde coletiva / History, Science, and Collective Health

Resumo O artigo analisa a presença da história da saúde no periódico "Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva" entre 1996 e 2020. Discute as relações entre o campo disciplinar da história e a multidisciplinaridade da saúde coletiva, suas tensões, convergências e potenciais sinergias. Apresenta a trajetória do tema da história da saúde nos artigos e fascículos ao longo dos 25 anos de existência da revista, as principais iniciativas, resultados e temáticas abordadas. Faz um balanço crítico e discute caminhos para incrementar presença da história em artigos e números temáticos de "Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva".

Abstract The article analyzes the presence of the history of health in the "Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva" from 1996 to 2020, exploring relations between the disciplinary field of history and the multidisciplinary field of public health and examining their tensions, commonalities, and potential synergies. It shows how the history of health has featured in the journal's articles and issues over the course of the journal's twenty-five years and describes the main initiatives, results, and topics addressed in this realm. The article then offers a critical evaluation and discusses pathways for boosting the presence of history in articles and thematic issues of "Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva".

The Need for Epistemological Vigilance : (Commentary to the Target Article "Psychology: A Giant With Feet of Clay", Zagaria, Andò & Zennaro).

The analysis and proposal of Zagaria, Andò and Zennaro are suggestive, but the essential question is not raised: the need for scientific research to be explicitly based on an epistemological reflection that takes into account the specificity of psychology. In the first and second parts of my comment, I will justify the need for epistemological reflection in psychology, and in the third part, I will analyze, by means of an example, why the option of adopting the principles of evolutionary psychology does not guarantee greater theoretical coherence.

Graphology in Germany in the 1920s and 1930s : Amateurs, Psychologists, and the Police on the Scientific Nature of Graphology.

In this article I examine how psychologists, amateurs and actors in the police and in juridical fields positioned themselves in the 1920s and 1930s on the scientific nature of graphology. Graphology, the study of the character from handwriting, was linked with the hope of providing reliable methods for the investigation of psychological states and dispositions. The essay argues that on an epistemic level two different models have been represented to support the scientific nature of graphology: for one thing resorting to the special individual skill, the "genius" of a graphologist; or rather depersonalized techniques predominantly based on statistics. Amateur graphologists used both of these forms.On a methodological level, I argue that in order to historicize the human sciences in general, and psychology in particular, it is useful to examine the translation processes that turn everyday interpretative practices (of facial expressions, dreams, handwriting) into scientific legitimate investigative procedures. In order to investigate precisely this translation process, it is useful to look at what Thomas Gieryn calls "boundary work" at the border between scientific and non-scientific interpretation practices, for which graphology is used here as an example. It is particularly illuminating to examine how representatives of the official sciences distinguish themselves from presumed "charlatans", which is why the article focuses on court cases and the demarcation strategies used by the police against fraudulent amateur graphologists.

Humanidades Médicas e seu Lugar no Currículo: Opiniões dos Participantes do Cobem/2017 / Medical Humanities and their Place in the Curriculum: Opinions of Cobem/2017 Participants

Resumo: É crescente a percepção de que uma formação médica com enfoque exclusivo nas disciplinas biológicas é insuficiente para a apreensão da complexidade e da singularidade do adoecimento humano. Partimos, assim, do pressuposto de que as humanidades médicas oferecem uma contribuição importante para a formação médica, por meio de referências para uma compreensão ampliada do processo saúde-doença e para a organização do cuidado em saúde, isto é, voltadas para a humanização. Este trabalho buscou conhecer as percepções de um grupo de discentes, docentes e coordenadores de curso médico sobre a integração das disciplinas de humanidades médicas nos currículos dos cursos de Medicina. A pesquisa de abordagem descritiva, quantitativa e de corte transversal consistiu na aplicação de um questionário estruturado a um grupo de participantes do 55º Congresso Brasileiro de Educação Médica (Cobem, Porto Alegre, RS, outubro de 2017), considerado assim uma amostra de conveniência. Os participantes do evento foram abordados nos intervalos das conferências e convidados a responder a um questionário que buscava opiniões sobre a inserção e a integração das disciplinas das Ciências Humanas nos currículos dos cursos de Medicina. O questionário continha ainda a caracterização da amostra quanto à região de origem, ao âmbito jurídico da instituição (privada, pública ou confessional) e ao papel do respondente (docente, discente ou coordenador/a). Foram obtidos 234 questionários, submetidos posteriormente à análise estatística descritiva. A análise evidenciou que as humanidades médicas são percebidas como importantes na formação, mas não há consenso sobre serem fundamentais na aquisição de habilidades humanísticas. As experiências interdisciplinares curriculares existem, porém nem todos percebem as temáticas de humanidades em diversos momentos no currículo médico ou articuladas a outras disciplinas. Enquanto as experiências interdisciplinares são percebidas com maior facilidade, a articulação transversal das temáticas humanísticas aparece em menor medida. De acordo com as respostas, as disciplinas permanecem concentradas apenas nos períodos iniciais, contudo a percepção de suficiência apresenta opiniões divididas. Também há discreta diferença na opinião sobre a articulação das humanidades nos ciclos básico e avançado. A menor percepção de integração das humanidades aparece nas práticas que integram ensino-serviço-comunidade.

Abstract: There is a growing perception that medical training with an exclusive focus on biological disciplines is insufficient for the understanding of the complexity and individuality of human illness. We start from the assumption that medical humanities make an important contribution to medical education, through references to expanded understanding of the health-disease process and to the organization of health care, that is, directed at humanization. This work sought to assess the perceptions of a group of students, teachers and coordinators of a medical course on the integration of the disciplines of medical humanities in the curricula of medical courses. The descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional research consisted of the application of a structured questionnaire to a group of participants of the 55th Brazilian Congress of Medical Education (COBEM, Porto Alegre, RS, October/2017), considered to be a convenience sample. The event participants were approached during the intervals of the conferences and invited to answer a questionnaire that sought opinions on the insertion and the integration of the disciplines of the human sciences into the curricula of the medical courses. The questionnaire also contained the sample's characterization of the region of origin, the legal scope of the institution (private, public or confessional) and the role of the respondent (teacher, student or coordinator). A total of 234 (two hundred and thirty-four) individuals answered the questionnaires, which were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis. The analysis showed that the medical humanities are perceived as important for the medical formation, but there is no consensus about their being crucial for the acquisition of humanistic skills. There are interdisciplinary curricular experiences; however, not all of them perceive the subjects of humanities at different times in the medical curriculum or articulated with other disciplines. While interdisciplinary experiences are perceived more easily, the cross-sectional articulation of humanistic topics appears to a lesser degree. According to the answers, the disciplines remain concentrated only in the initial periods; however, the perception of sufficiency discloses quite divided opinions. There is also a slight difference in opinion about the articulation of the humanities in the basic and advanced cycles. The lower perception of integration of the humanities appears in practices that integrate teaching-service-community.

Trajetórias de pesquisadores na área de Ciências Sociais e Humanas em Saúde: compartilhando memórias de projetos, encontros e metamorfoses / Researchers' trajectories in Social and Human Health Sciences: sharing memories of projects, meetings and metamorphoses

Resumo O artigo analisa as trajetórias docentes/pesquisadores das Ciências Sociais e Humanas em Saúde atuantes nos programas de pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, considerando suas formações e práticas na pesquisa, ensino e extensão. Trajetórias expressam decisões, escolhas e empenhos pessoais em projetos que interagem com outros projetos em um campo onde se negocia a realidade. Compusemos um referencial pelos conceitos de projeto, metamorfose, campo de possibilidades e mediação de Gilberto Velho e de arenas transepistêmicas de Karin Knorr-Cetina. Os dados advêm de questionário online, respondido por 59 docentes pesquisadores e 19 entrevistas (ambos semiestruturados) observando-se representação regional e geracional. Analisamos os relatos pessoais em contexto articulados a acontecimentos, eventos, projetos, pessoas e instituições. Os resultados trazem as inserções e atuações: pela formação e pesquisa como pontos de partida, encontros e metamorfoses; e pelas interações dentro e fora da comunidade científica pelo ensino, extensão e ativismo. As trajetórias delineiam-se por projetos pessoais e coletivos em meio às circunstâncias imediatas, mudanças geracionais e tendências de maior duração, tensionando em supostas fronteiras e transcendendo dos campos disciplinares para outros setores sociais. Neste processo, enredam-se agenciamentos cotidianos, sem menosprezar heranças históricas, políticas e sociais que interseccionam os projetos na construção das trajetórias pessoais e institucionais.

Abstract The article analyzes the teaching and research trajectories of the Social and Human Sciences in Health acting in the Public Health postgraduate programs, considering their training and practices in research, teaching and extension. Trajectories express decisions, choices, and personal commitments on projects that interact with other projects in a field where reality is negotiated. We composed a framework for the concepts of design, metamorphosis, field of possibilities and mediation by Gilberto Velho and Karin Knorr-Cetina's transepistemic arenas. The data come from an online questionnaire, answered by 59 research teachers and 19 interviews (both semi-structured) observing regional and generational representation. We analyze personal accounts in context articulated to events, events, projects, people and institutions. The results bring the insertions and performances: by training and research as starting points, encounters and metamorphoses; and by interactions within and outside the scientific community through teaching, extension and activism. Trajectories are shaped by personal and collective projects in the midst of immediate circumstances, generational changes and longer-term trends, tensing at supposed boundaries and transcending disciplinary fields to other social sectors. In this process, daily agencies are entangled, without neglecting historical, political and social inheritances that intersect projects in the construction of personal and institutional trajectories.

A pós-graduação na educação física brasileira: condições e possibilidades das subáreas sociocultural e pedagógica

Resumo Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo traçar um panorama da atual configuração da pós-graduação stricto sensu da educação física brasileira; analisar as condições e possibilidades de expansão das subáreas sociocultural e pedagógica; e analisar a configuração do Qualis Periódicos da área 21, referente ao quadriênio 2013-2016. O estudo teve um caráter exploratório e seguiu os princípios epistemológicos e metodológicos da pesquisa qualitativa, usou prioritariamente a análise documental. Concluiu-se que as lógicas epistemológicas e avaliativas que vigoraram na área 21 nas últimas avaliações, principalmente por referendar um Qualis Periódicos predominantemente biológico, têm obstruído as condições e possiblidades de expansão das subáreas sociocultural e pedagógica.

Abstract This research's goal is to paint a picture of the post graduation studies, stricto sensu, of brazilian physical education; analyzing conditions and possibilities of expansion of it's sociocultural and pedagogical subareas; analyzing "area 21" "Qualis Periodicos" condition, concerning the period between 2013-2016. This study has an exploratory approach and followed the methodological and epistemological method of qualitative research, using mainly documental data. Concludes, that the epistemological logic and the evaluations enforced in "area 21" during the periods evaluated, expecially those that enforced a biological predominant "Qualis Periódico" have been obstructing the conditions and possibilities of expansion of the sociocultural and pedagogical subareas.

Resumen El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo trazar un panorama de la actual configuración de los estudios de posgrado, stricto sensu, de la educación física brasileña; analizar condiciones y posibilidades de expansión de las subáreas sociocultural y pedagógica, y analizar la configuración del sistema Qualis Periódicos del área 21, en relación con el cuatrienio 2013-2016. Este estudio tiene carácter exploratorio, obedece principios epistemológicos y metodológicos de investigación cualitativa, y utiliza principalmente el análisis documental. Se concluye que las lógicas epistemológicas y de evaluación que se llevaron a cabo en el área 21 durante las últimas evaluaciones, especialmente aquellas que reforzaban un Qualis Periódico predominantemente biológico, obstruyeron las posibilidades de expansión de las subáreas sociocultural y pedagógica.

O ensino das ciências sociais e humanas na graduação em saúde coletiva: entre desafios e oportunidades de transgressões / Teaching social and human sciences in the collective health undergraduate course: between challenges and opportunities for transgressions

Resumo A implantação, em 2009, do curso de graduação em saúde coletiva (GSC) no Brasil e sua progressiva disseminação trouxe à tona velhas questões de ordem epistemológica, prática ou político-institucional relacionadas ao ensino das ciências sociais e humanas (CSH) nesse contexto e fez emergir outras. Sobretudo, esse novo curso recoloca no centro do debate a questão da identidade do campo da saúde coletiva ou as especificidades de seus objetos, atores/agentes, conhecimentos e práticas. Afinal, tanto os projetos pedagógicos (perfil de egresso, estrutura curricular etc.) quanto seu modus operandi refletem uma dada concepção do campo. Propõe-se, neste artigo, discutir peculiaridades e desafios do ensino das CSH na GSC, considerando esses elementos a partir da análise da experiência de um curso em particular ou, melhor dito, do compartilhamento de vivências e impressões das autoras que integram seu corpo docente. Na primeira parte do texto, são esboçados argumentos em defesa da formação emancipatória e do conhecimento pluriuniversitário, apoiados no diálogo com Boaventura de Souza Santos. Entende-se que tais perspectivas são especialmente bem-vindas na GSC, a qual tem se revelado um espaço profícuo de experimentação de novas formas de agir na educação e na saúde.

Abstract The implementation, from 2009, of the undergraduate course on collective health (GSC) in Brazil and its progressively dissemination has brought to the surface old epistemological, practical or political-institutional issues, and led to the emergence of others. Above all, it should be noted that this new undergraduate course puts once again in the center of the debate the question of the collective health identity or, rather, the specificities of its objects, actors, knowledge and practices. After all, both the pedagogical projects (student's profile, curricular structure etc.) as its modus operandi reflect a given conception of the field. This article discusses the singularities and challenges of teaching social and human sciences in the undergraduate course in collective health, considering these elements through the analysis of a particular course or, better said, the sharing of experiences and impressions of the authors that integrate its academic staff. In the first part of the article, arguments are presented in defense of the emancipatory formation and multi-university knowledge, supported by the dialogue with Boaventura de Souza Santos. It is considered that such perspectives are especially welcome in undergraduate collective health, which has proved to be a useful space for experimenting new ways of acting in education and health.

Urban ecology, stakeholders and the future of ecology.

The world human population is more and more urban and cities have a strong impact on the biosphere. This explains the development of urban ecology. In this context, the goal of our work is fourfold: to describe the diversity of scientific questions in urban ecology, show how these questions are organized, to assess how these questions can be built in close interactions with stakeholders, to better understand the role urban ecology can play within ecological sciences. A workshop with scientists from all relevant fields (from ecology to sociology) and stakeholders was organized by the Foundation for Research on Biodiversity (FRB). Three types of scientific issues were outlined about (1) the biodiversity of organisms living in urban areas, (2) the functioning of urban organisms and ecosystems, (3) interactions between human societies and urban ecological systems. For all types of issues we outlined it was possible to distinguish both fundamental and applied scientific questions. This allowed building a unique research agenda encompassing all possible types of scientific issues in urban ecology. As all types of ecological and evolutionary questions can be asked in urban areas, urban ecology will likely be more and more influential in the development of ecology. Taken together, the future of towns, their biodiversity and the life of city dwellers is at stake. Increasing the space for ecosystems and biodiversity within towns is more and more viewed as crucial for the well-being of town dwellers. Depending on research and the way its results are taken into account, very different towns could emerge. Urban areas can be viewed as a test and a laboratory for the future of the interactions between human and ecological systems.

As contribuições das Ciências Sociais e Humanas no campo da Saúde Coletiva: vinte anos da revista Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação / The contributions of the Social and Human Sciences in the field of Collective Health: twenty years of the journal Interface / Las contribuciones de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanas en el campo de la Salud Colectiva: veinte años de la revista Interface

Apresentamos uma discussão sobre a produção bibliográfica em Ciências Sociais e Humanas em Saúde (CSHS) publicada pela Revista Interface nos últimos vinte anos (1997-2017). Buscamos descrever o processo de legitimação das CSHS por meio da divulgação de saberes teórico-metodológicos e de temáticas específicas no conjunto da produção científica nacional. Foram consultadas todas as publicações do período e selecionados 216 artigos identificados com as CSHS. A análise resultou em categorias que evidenciaram os seguintes temas: saúde mental, envelhecimento, doenças infectocontagiosas, gênero, saúde reprodutiva e teórico-conceitual. A conjunção dos temas com problemas contemporâneos da sociedade brasileira revela autores como protagonistas de estudos de relevância social e comprometimento político com as transformações e mudanças ocorridas tanto no plano do cuidado em saúde quanto no das políticas públicas.(AU)

We present a discussion about the bibliographic production in Social and Human Sciences in Health (SHSH) published by the journal Interface in the last twenty years (1997-2017). We aim to describe the legitimation process of the SHSH by disseminating theoretical and methodological knowledge and specific themes within the Brazilian scientific production. All the publications of the period were consulted and 216 articles identified with the SHSH were selected. The analysis resulted in categories that highlighted the following themes: mental health, aging, infectious diseases, gender, reproductive health, and theoretical-conceptual. The combination of the themes with current problems of the Brazilian society reveals authors as protagonists of studies that have social relevance and political commitment to transformations and changes occurring both in health care and in public policies.(AU)

Presentamos una discusión sobre la producción bibliográfica en Ciencias Sociales y Humanas en Salud (CSHS) publicada por la revista Interface en los últimos veinte años (1997-2017). Buscamos describir el proceso de legitimización de las CSHS por medio de la divulgación de saberes teórico-metodológicos y de temáticas específicas en el conjunto de la producción científica nacional. Se consultaron todas las publicaciones del período y se seleccionaron 216 artículos identificados con las CSHS. El análisis resultó en categorías que dejaron en evidencia los siguientes temas: salud mental, envejecimiento, enfermedades infectocontagiosas, género, salud reproductiva y teórico-conceptual. La conjunción de los temas con problemas contemporáneos de la sociedad brasileña revela autores como protagonistas de estudios de relevancia social y compromiso político con las transformaciones y cambios habidos tanto en el plano del cuidado en salud como en el de las políticas públicas.(AU)

Cognición corporizada y comprensión semántica / Embodied Cognition and Semantic Comprehension / Cognição corporizada e compreensão semântica

Resumen Esta reflexión está orientada a presentar los avances en el estudio de la naturaleza del lenguaje con énfasis en los procesos de comprensión semántica, desde las teorías corporizadas y motrices de la cognición. Se establecen los lineamientos principales que sostienen dichas teorías y su aporte al área de las ciencias del lenguaje y la psicolingüística. En un primer apartado se resumen las ideas fundacionales de la teoría corporizada y enactiva, y se definen las propuestas sobre el lenguaje desde esta postura, para presentar, de manera general, el movimiento de la semántica corporizada. Posteriormente, se retoman estos planteamientos para relacionarlos con los problemas en el procesamiento de lenguaje de los pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson. Esta enfermedad neurológica, al estar asociada con déficits motores y del movimiento voluntario, resulta una plataforma ideal para la validación de teorías que sugieren una estrecha relación entre la actividad motriz en contexto, la neurofisiología de la acción y los procesos de comprensión lingüística.

Abstract This review and analysis of the literature aims to show in a brief manner the recent findings in the study of the nature of language and semantic comprehension from the embodied and motor theories of cognition. The guidelines that uphold the embodied and enactive theories of cognition and their role for the study of language in psycholinguistics are established, as it is becoming common to find increasing support for them. In a first part of the article the main principles of the theory are shared as well as the different ideas about language that have been proposed under the name of embodied semantics. Then, the case of Parkinson's disease and language processing impairments in Parkinson's patients is taken as a critical case. This neurological disease associated with voluntary movement and motor deficits, is ideal for validating theories that propose a close relationship between motor activity in context, as well as the neurophysiology of action and the processes of understanding language.

Resumo Esta reflexão sobre resultados de literatura tem como finalidade presentar os avances recentes no estudo da natureza da linguagem com ênfase nos processos de compreensão semântica desde as teorias corporizadas e motrizes da cognição. São estabelecidos os lineamentos principais que sustentam as teorias mencionadas e seu aporte à área das ciências da linguagem e a psicolinguística. Na primeira parte são resumidas as ideias fundacionais da teoria corporizada e enativa, são definidas as diferentes propostas sobre a linguagem e o significado que existem desde esta postura, para apresentar, de maneira geral, o movimento da semântica corporizada. Depois, são retomadas estas ideias em relação com os problemas no processamento da linguagem que padecem os pacientes com doença de Parkinson. Esta doença neurológica, ao estar associada com déficits motores e do movimento voluntário, supõe uma plataforma ideal para a validação de teorias que propõem uma relação estreita entre a atividade motriz em contexto, a neurofisiologia da ação e os processos de compreensão linguística.

[The French Revolution as Moral Shock : On the Political Dimension of the Research and Therapy of the Human Mind, ca. 1792-1806]. / Die Französische Revolution als moralischer Schock : Zur politischen Dimension der Erforschung und Therapie des menschlichen Geistes, ca. 1792­1806.

The paper describes how, in the context of the development of the French human sciences (sciences de l'homme) around 1800, the reference to the Reign of Terror was constitutive for the formulation and legitimation of a procedure, which was based on what Jean-Étienne Esquirol called "moral shocks" (sécousse morale). The psychiatric and pedagogical discussion of non-physical effects on the spirit (esprit) of human subjects and patients essentially dealt with the question: could people have been liberated by the shocking surge of the Revolution from the demeaning and dependent habits of the Old Regime (ancien régime), or could this violent revolution have had a pathological effect? This article shows that, after 1800, the latter interpretation became accepted. A professional self-image of psychiatric and pedagogical expertise formed in the relationship between physician and patient or teacher and student. This expertise justified employing shocks in professionally controlled settings, while the healing power of the revolutionary was negated. This article thereby distinguishes between four different perspectives on the pathological or healing effect of what was perceived as a "revolutionary shock": firstly, a positive perspective that interprets the shock of the Revolution as healthy, stimulating the vital forces of the people languishing in inactivity; secondly, a cautious perspective that emphasizes the necessity of curbing and controlling the passions of the people; thirdly, a perspective that recognizes in the outburst of passions an aberration from the natural state, and fourthly, a therapeutic perspective that recommends the use of passions by experts in very controlled spaces. Based on published texts and material from the Archives nationales as well as the Institut national de jeunes sourds, this article provides a political history of the development of moral shocks and argues that the development of epistemological and therapeutic technologies in the human sciences were essentially the result of a demarcation from revolutionary violence as well as the desire in the human sciences for a stable government.

Agency, Chance, and the Scientific Status of Psychology.

Psychologists generally reject the reductionist, physicalist, "nothing but" stance of the natural sciences. At the same time they consider their discipline a science and wonder why it does not enjoy the status (and funding) of the natural sciences. Ferguson American Psychologist, 70, 527-542 (2015), Lilienfeld American Psychologist, 67, 111-129 (2012), and Schwartz et al. American Psychologist, 71, 52-70 (2016) are among those who adopt a soft naturalism of nonreductive physicalism which declares, or implies, that when it comes to humans, there is more than what the natural sciences can unravel. They envision psychology as scientific in the epistemological sense of generating reproducible results, but reject the reductive ontology of science which currently points to the undeterminable chance of quantum theory as the closest physics has come to the beginnings and what might loosely be called the foundation of the universe (e.g., Bridgman Harper's, 158, 443-451 1929; Eddington 1948). The case made here is that any science, including a psychological one, must be based on a naturalist ontology. This implies restricting the term science to disciplines which not only meet epistemological criteria like reproducibility, but which also adopt-on the ontological level-the parsimonious assumption that at present it makes sense to think that "there is nothing but time and chance" (e.g., Cox and Forshaw 2011; Crease and Goldhaber 2014; Rorty 1989). From this perspective, psychology emerges as two distinct disciplines, one a natural science, the other a human science in the broad sense of science as scientia.

Culture and psychism: the ethnopsychoanalysis of Georges Devereux.

This paper introduces the significant theoretical contribution of Georges Devereux (1908-85) on the relationship between culture and psychism, which he developed in his work at the interface of anthropology, psychoanalysis and quantum epistemology during the mid-twentieth century. Devereux was one of the key early contributors to the field of transcultural psychiatry; he was in touch with its most important exponents, although he remained critical of many of the popular trends developed in this field of research in the USA, where Devereux conducted most of his research between 1932 and 1963. As a part of his critique, he founded a new epistemology: ethnopsychoanalysis, which was largely based on the concept of complementarity and countertransference.

A polêmica em torno da interpretação: a psicanálise, as humanidades e a formação do analista / The controversy surrounding the interpretation: psychoanalysis, the humanities and the psychoanalist's training / La polémica en torno a la interpretación: el psicoanálisis, las humanidades y la formación del analista / La controverse entourant l'interprétation: la psychanalyse, les humanités et la formation de l'analyste

Desde os gregos a interpretação é o instrumento privilegiado de acesso ao estranho que desejo compreender. Tornada método no século XIX é ela que institui as ciências da cultura. Como situar a psicanálise no amplo debate que então se inaugurou? Consideramos esse estudo, que convocou grandes nomes no século xx, indispensável para o psicanalista em formação e sua clínica.

Since the Greeks, interpretation is the privileged instrument to access the uncanny that we attempt to understand. Interpretation has become a method in the XIX century which made possible to create the Culture Sciences. The question is how to situate psychoanalysis in the broad debate that has been since then inaugurated. We consider this study, which had the contribution of some of 20th century's greatest names, essential to the psychoanalysts under training and their practice.

Desde los griegos, la interpretación ha sido el instrumento privilegiado de acceso a lo ominoso que pide comprenderse. Como método, a partir del siglo XIX, ella instituye las ciencias de la cultura. Es decir: cómo, por lo tanto, podemos situar al psicoanálisis en el amplio debate que hace mucho fue inaugurado? Consideramos el estudio de esa cuestión, que convocó grandes nombres del siglo xx, indispensable para el psicoanalista y para su clinica.

Depuis les Grecs l'interprétation est l'instrument privilegié d'accès à l'étranger que nous souhaitons connaître. Au XIX siècle elle est devenue une méthode et va instituer les Sciences de la Culture. Comment situer la psychanalyse dans le large débat qui a été alors inauguré? À notre avis cette étude, qui a attiré des grands noms au xxème siècle, est indispensable pour le psychanalyst en formation et sa pratique.

Thinking inside the frame: A framing analysis of the humanities in Danish print news media.

The humanities, the natural and social sciences all represent advanced and systematic knowledge production-and they all receive public funding for doing so. However, although the field of public understanding of science has been well established for decades, similar research attention has not been directed at the humanities. The purpose of this study is to argue the case for further research of public understanding of the humanities and to take a first step in that direction by presenting a study of the framing of the humanities in Danish print news media. Different framings of the humanities are analyzed. Despite the differences in the issue-specific frames, the generic framing of the humanities shared by most articles is as follows: 75% explicitly frame the humanities as deficit, while the remaining 25% are more neutral. Consequently, if newspapers constitute the only source of information concerning the humanities, newsreaders may not be much wiser in understanding what the humanities might be-but they will know that whatever the humanities is, it is broken and useless.