Cumulative effect of the disconnection of impervious areas within residential lots on runoff generation and temporal patterns in a small urban area.

This study sought to evaluate the cumulative effect of the implementation of green space depressions to promote disconnection of impervious areas within residential lots on runoff generation and temporal patterns in a small urban area characterized by high imperviousness. Three hypothetical scenarios were proposed with variations in the disconnection rate (α) within the lot, the soil infiltration conditions, and the rainfall patterns. Simulations were performed using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) with the implementation of a high spatial resolution model which allowed the explicit representation of the routing runoff between distinct surfaces. The results revealed a linear relationship trend between the total amount of rainfall (P) and total runoff (q), with identification of a possible precipitation threshold above the point at which a more critical condition of runoff generation is established. The value of this threshold was shown to be dependent on the degree of efficiency of the receptor permeable areas, which is associated with the disconnection rate and infiltrability of the soil. The results also showed that for a very high disconnection rate and lower infiltrability, runoff can increase substantially, with significant changes in the hydrographs simulated for longer storm events.

Hydrological calibration and validation of the MGB-IPH model for water resource management in the upper Teles Pires River basin in the Amazon-Cerrado ecotone in Brazil / Calibração e validação do modelo MGB-IPH para gestão de recursos hídricos na bacia do alto Rio Teles Pires, ecótono Amazônia-Cerrado, Brasil

The upper Teles Pires River basin is located in the Brazilian agriculture frontier in the north of Mato Grosso state and has experienced significant changes in land use and cover, which can cause major changes in its hydrological dynamics. Climatic and hydrologic data are scarce in the region, which poses uncertainties in the decision-making process aiming at the sustainable management of water resources in this strategic area. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Large-Scale Distributed Hydrological Model (MGB-IPH) to assess water availability of the upper Teles Pires basin and support water resource management in the Amazon-Cerrado ecotone. The MGB-IPH model was calibrated and validated using data from three streamflow stations available in the basin. In order to verify the model performance, the Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) and the PBIAS statistical parameters were applied. Our results show that, by using the MGB-IPH model with generally available data, the maximum and minimum flow regimes can be successfully assessed in the upper Teles Pires basin. The continuity curves of daily flow simulated by the model showed a good fit with the observed flow. Overall, the results demonstrated the applicability of the MGB-IPH model for water resource assessment and management in the basin. (AU)

A bacia do alto Rio Teles Pires está localizada na região de fronteira agrícola no norte de Mato Grosso, onde significativas mudanças no uso e cobertura do solo vem ocorrendo, o que, por sua vez, pode resultar em alterações importantes na dinâmica hidrológica da bacia. Dados climáticos e hidrológicos são escassos na bacia, o que gera dificuldades para a gestão sustentável dos recursos hídricos nesta região estratégica. No presente trabalho, avaliamos o desempenho do Modelo de Grandes Bacias (MGB-IPH) para a estimativa da disponibilidade hídrica da bacia do alto Teles Pires, visando o suporte à tomada de decisões para a gestão hídrica no ecótono Amazônia-Cerrado. O modelo MGB-IPH foi calibrado e validado utilizando séries históricas de três estações hidrométricas presentes na bacia. Para avaliação da qualidade do modelo, foram empregados os índices estatísticos de desempenho de Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) e a porcentagem BIAS (PBIAS). Com base nos resultados é possível afirmar que a utilização do modelo MGB-IPH possibilita a estimativa das vazões mínimas e máximas da bacia do alto Teles Pires de forma satisfatória. As curvas de continuidade das vazões diárias simuladas pelo modelo apresentaram um bom ajuste com os dados observados. Os resultados demonstram a aplicabilidade do modelo MGB-IPH como ferramenta de apoio à avaliação e gestão dos recursos hídricos na bacia.(AU)

Modelo de escoamento superficial em bacia experimental da Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke

In this study, experimentation and hydrologic modeling of rainfall events transformed into runoff in natural forest systems, are investigated, including the following treatments: construction of an iterative optimization computational algorithm to identify the average unity hydrograph (rain-discharge transfer function) of the watershed, and to compute the effective rainfalls adequate to each discharge-rainfall event; applying the methodology to the Igarapé Bolívia watershed, which is located inside the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve; analysis and interpretation of the established algorithm, focusing on its convergence and on the significance of the results of this optimization process; and comparison with other studies in small watersheds of Central Amazonia. Rainfall and runoff measurements were made from July 2004 to September 2006, including the preparation phase of the level-discharge curve of the Igarapé Bolívia and the making of a large and diversified set of rainfall and runoff events.

Neste estudo, a experimentação e a modelagem hidrológica de eventos de precipitação transformada em escoamento superficial em sistemas naturais de floresta são investigadas, contemplando os seguintes tratamentos: construção de algoritmo computacional iterativo de otimização para a identificação do hidrograma unitário médio (função de transferência chuva-descarga) da bacia e para o cálculo das precipitações efetivas adequadas à cada evento chuva-escoamento; aplicação da metodologia à bacia hidrográfica do igarapé Bolívia, situada no interior da Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke; análise e interpretação do algoritmo criado, enfocando a sua convergência e o significado dos resultados desse processo de otimização; e comparação com outros estudos em pequenas bacias da Amazônia Central. O período de medidas de chuva e de vazões estende-se de julho de 2004 a setembro de 2006, incluindo a fase de preparação da curva-chave do igarapé Bolívia e a formação de um conjunto amplo e diversificado de eventos de chuva e de escoamento no curso d'água.