When it's not ovarian cancer: A case of a massive leiomyoma with hydropic change.

Background: Uterine leiomyomas are benign tumors characterized by pelvic pain and abnormal bleeding. Their evolution can lead to degenerative changes, occasionally mimicking malignancies on imaging, presenting diagnostic challenges. Case presentation: A 31-year-old nulliparous woman presented with symptoms of bloating, cramping, and abdominal distension. Imaging suggested an advanced ovarian malignancy, showing a complex adnexal mass and elevated CA-125 levels. During exploratory laparotomy, what was suspected to be ovarian cancer was instead identified as a large uterine mass on pathologic evaluation revealing a benign leiomyoma with extensive hydropic change. Conclusion: This case highlights the diagnostic intricacies associated with large complex adnexal masses and illustrates how benign conditions like leiomyomas with hydropic degeneration can mimic ovarian cancer. This emphasizes the importance of comprehensive preoperative and intraoperative assessments to tailor management and avoid unindicated radical procedures.

Partial molar pregnancy with hydrops fetalis causing intrauterine fetal demise: A case report.

Key Clinical Message: Timely prenatal diagnosis, regular checkups, and comprehensive counseling are vital in preventing and managing complications in high-risk pregnancies like partial molar pregnancy with hydrops fetalis. Abstract: A live singleton fetus with partial molar pregnancy is a rare condition. We report a case of partial mole with hydrops fetalis causing intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) in the third trimester. Our case involves a 20-year primigravid without prior antenatal checkups who presented to outpatient department at 31 weeks and 5 days of gestation with lower abdominal pain, backache, vaginal spotting, and decreased fetal movement. Ultrasound revealed partial mole, hydrops fetalis, and IUFD. The patient underwent induced delivery expelling a 1900 gm female fetus with no viability and a placenta containing 650 gm of molar tissue. Placental tissue with cystic component was confirmed as molar tissue by histopathological examination. She was discharged a few days afterward and had undetectable beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels after a month. Prenatal diagnosis, counseling, rigorous antepartum surveillance, and appropriate postpartum follow-up are essential for the best possible mother and fetal outcomes.

Cytotoxic dermatitis: Review of the interface dermatitis pattern in veterinary skin diseases.

Interface dermatitis or lichenoid interface dermatitis refers to a cutaneous inflammatory pattern in which keratinocyte cell death is the essential feature. These terms have evolved from the originally described lichenoid tissue reaction. These lesions are the basis for an important group of skin diseases in animals and people where cytotoxic T-cell-mediated epidermal damage is a major pathomechanism. Yet, for largely historical reasons these commonly used morphological diagnostic terms do not reflect the essential nature of the lesion. An emphasis on subsidiary lesions, such as the presence of a lichenoid band, and definitions based on anatomical features, such as location at the dermo-epidermal location, may cause confusion and even misdiagnosis. This review covers historical aspects of the terminology, including the origin of terms such as "lichenoid." The types of cell death involved and the histopathologic lesions are described. Etiopathogenesis is discussed in terms of aberrations of immune/inflammatory mechanisms focusing on cutaneous lupus erythematosus, erythema multiforme, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. Mechanisms have most extensively been studied in humans and laboratory animals and the discussion is centered on these species. As interface dermatitis is firmly entrenched in dermatological parlance, rather than using "cytotoxic" as its substitute, the terminologies "interface cytotoxic dermatitis" and "panepidermal cytotoxic dermatitis" are recommended, based on location and extent of epithelium affected.

Favipiravir-induced inflammatory and hydropic degenerative liver injury in rats.

BACKGROUND: Favipiravir is very effective in the treatment of many viral infections, especially at high doses. It was used at such doses to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the pandemic. However, liver damage was reported in patients undergoing such treatment. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effects of low and high doses of favipiravir on the liver of rats, using biochemical and histopathological methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Wistar albino rats were allocated to one of 3 groups, namely a healthy group (HG), a 100 mg/kg favipiravir (FAV-100) group and a 400 mg/kg favipiravir (FAV-400) group. Favipiravir was administered orally at 100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses to the FAV-100 (n = 6) and FAV-400 (n = 6) groups, respectively. Distilled water was administered orally (1 mL) using the same method to the HG (n = 6). This procedure was repeated twice a day for 1 week. At the end of this period, the animals were euthanized with a high dose of thiopental anesthesia (50 mg/kg) and their liver tissues were removed. RESULTS: Favipiravir caused an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels in the liver tissue, as well as elevated alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in the blood. Moreover, favipiravir caused a decrease in total glutathione (tGSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels. In addition, severe edema, lymphocyte infiltration and hydropic degeneration were observed in the liver tissue of the FAV-400. CONCLUSIONS: High-dose favipiravir caused more significant oxidative and inflammatory damage in the liver tissue of rats than low-dose favipiravir.

Effects of carvacrol on experimental nephrolithiasis in female rats.

We induced experimental nephrolithiasis in female rats using ethylene glycol (EG) and ammonium chloride (AC). We investigated the effects of carvacrol, an essential oil with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on nephrolithiasis using histopathology, immunohistochemistry and biochemistry. We used 40 female rats divided into four equal groups: control group, administered olive oil; carvacrol group, administered carvacrol in olive oil; nephrolithiasis group, administered EG and AC to induce experimental nephrolithiasis; treatment group with induced nephrolithiasis and administered carvacrol in olive oil. We observed no significant difference in crystal accumulation in the treatment group compared to the nephrolithiasis group. We found a significant reduction in hydropic degeneration of tubules and degree of inflammatory cell infiltration of intertubule areas. We also found a significant reduction in immunohistochemical staining of macrophage- and monocyte-specific antigens. Carvacrol treatment reversed the induced nephrolithiasis, increased malondialdehyde and urea, and decreased levels of glutathione peroxidase and catalase. Although carvacrol did not decrease crystal accumulation, it reduced pathological and biochemical damage, and improved kidney function by lowering the serum urea level.

A Clinicohistopathological Characterization of Oral Lichen Planus: A Cross-Sectional Study.

OBJECTIVE: Based on the modified diagnostic criteria for oral lichen planus (OLP) proposed by Van der Meij and Van der Waal, the objective of the current investigation was to demonstrate a clinicohistopathological association in the diagnosis of OLP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were retrieved from 250 individuals who visited the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology and were diagnosed with OLP between September 2018 and December 2021. Upon completion of the histopathological analysis, the precise diagnosis of OLP was made. Repeat biopsies were performed in the cases suspecting malignant transformation during the follow-up phase. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. The Fisher's exact test and chi-square test of association were used to establish the significant differences between the variables at a 5% significance level. RESULTS: Of the 250 patients, 48% and 52% were males and females, respectively. The two clinical manifestations observed were reticular (n=145, 58%) and erosive types (n=105, 42%). The most frequently impacted locations were the buccal mucosa (n=150, 60%) and labial mucosa (n=100, 40%). Fourteen individuals (two with reticular form and 12 with erosive form) later during follow-up showed dysplasia, with moderate (n=2) to mild (n=12) dysplastic alterations. Koilocytes were reported in 84 cases (34%), which included 35 (24%) reticular cases and 49 (47%) erosive lesions. The histopathological features such as acanthosis, epithelial atrophy, hyperkeratosis, presence of neutrophils, koilocytes, and epithelial dysplasia were shown to be statistically significant between the clinical forms (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of the current study highlight the concordance of histopathological and clinical diagnoses, especially for early definitive diagnosis of OLP. More research studies are warranted to validate the trend of epithelial dysplasia in OLP associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) and to explore the course of the lesions that might be affected by this trait.

Fallopian tube lipoleiomyoma with degeneration: a case report and literature review.

Lipoleiomyoma is a rare, benign leiomyoma variant. It is relatively common in the uterine area of the female reproductive system but rare in other areas and has not been reported in the fallopian tubes. In this paper, we report a perimenopausal woman with a lipoleiomyoma arising from the ampulla of the fallopian tube with hydropic degeneration. What makes this case even rarer is the combination of hydrops of the pelvis and the abdominal cavity. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of smooth muscle tissue mixed with varying amounts of mature adipose tissue. The immunohistochemical markers were Des(+), SMA(+), H-caldesmon(+), ER(+), CD34(-), HMB45(-), Melan-A(-), CD10(-), S-100 focal adipocyte (+), and the positive rate of Ki67 was about 1%. Through this case report and review of similar literature, we hope to improve the understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of fallopian tube smooth muscle-derived tumors.

Effects of dose and duration of dietary copper administration on hepatic lipid peroxidation and ultrastructure alteration in piglets' model.

BACKGROUND: Copper is an essential microelement for animals and has been used at pharmacological doses in weaned piglets to improve growth performance. However, it also induces systemic oxidative stress after short-term feeding. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dose and duration of dietary copper on lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress status in model of weaned piglets. METHODS: A total of 48 crossbred piglets (weaned at 21d, weight ∼8.2 kg) were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 12 in each. The control group and 3 treatment groups fed with basal diet supplemented with 20, 100 and 200 mg/kg copper as copper sulfate for 3 and 6 weeks, respectively. RESULTS: Dietary copper supplementation significantly affected the activities of ALP, LDH, LIPC and the levels of Ca and TG in serum as well as the copper and zinc deposition in liver. Increased MDA concentrations, and decreased GPX, CP and CAT concentrations in serum were found in 0, 100 and 200 mg Cu/kg diet groups at 3 weeks post weaning. Hepatic lipid peroxidation was also induced in these groups indicated from hepatic SOD1, GPX1, CAT, CP, MT1A and MT2A transcriptional levels. Those adverse symptoms were alleviative at 6 weeks post weaning. The hepatic Cu and Zn concentrations, serum MDA concentrations, and serum CAT and GPX activities were significantly correlated with Actinobacillus, Lactobacillus, Sarcina, Helicobacter, Campylobacterales, which could affect the intestinal health further. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that copper deficiency or over supplementation would affect the systemic lipid peroxidation. These adverse changes were not observed when the dietary copper concentration at 20 mg Cu/kg diet. The results suggested the appropriate dietary copper concentration is around 20 mg Cu/kg diet, and its range might be much stricter than we thought.

Hepatic ballooning degeneration: a new feature of the refeeding syndrome in rats.

AIM OF THE STUDY: Hepatic changes have been described during the refeeding syndrome due to increase in enzymes and hepatomegaly; however, they have not been properly described. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the hepatic histological characteristics and biochemical markers of hepatic steatosis in Wistar rats with refeeding syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were allocated to one of three groups: C, F or R. The animals from group C received an AIN-93 diet for 96 hours, and were then sacrificed. Animals allocated to group F were fasted for 48 hours and sacrificed. Animals from group R were also fasted for 48 hours, but were refed for another 48 hours, with AIN-93. The liver, blood and epididymal and retroperitoneal fats were collected. RESULTS: Data obtained in groups F and R show the changes observed in refeeding syndrome, during starvation and refeeding. The serum glucose, magnesium, potassium and phosphorus, in group F, decreased. There was no evidence of hepatic steatosis. Hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia were also observed in group R, confirming refeeding syndrome. The main histological characteristic, in this group, was the extensive presence of ballooning degeneration. This is the first article that has detected such change in liver structure, due to refeeding syndrome. The possible causes are: retention of sodium, causing whole body edema; and/or dysfunction of the sodium/potassium pump of the hepatocytes, as a result of hypophosphatemia. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first description of an animal model of hepatic severe ballooning degeneration induced due to refeeding syndrome.

Renal histological alterations induced by acute exposure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles / Alteraciones histológicas renales inducidas por la exposición aguda de nanopartículas de dióxido de titanio

SUMMARY: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are widely used in many commercial products, nanomedicine, agriculture, personal care products, different industries and pharmaceutical preparations with potential risk in human health and the environment. The current work was conducted to investigate the renal damage that might be induced by the acute toxicity TiO2 NPs. A total of 40 healthy male adult Wistar albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were exposed to TiO2 NPs (126, 252, 378 mg/kg bw) for 24 and 48 h. Fresh portions of the kidneys from each rat were processed for histological and histochemical alterations. In comparison with respective control rats, exposure to TiO2 NPs has marked the following glomerular, tubular and interstitial alterations including the followings: glomerular congestion, Bowman's capsule swelling and dilatation, inflamed glomeruli, renal tubules cloudy swelling, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, congestion, necrosis, hydropic degeneration, dilatation and congestion of blood vessels, hyaline droplets and hyaline casts precipitation, interstitial edema and fibrosis. From the findings of the current work one may conclude that TiO2 NPs are capable of inducing kidney damage with more insulation in the cortex and the proximal convoluted tubules than the medulla and the distal ones respectively. In addition, it might be concluded that renal damage induced by these nanomaterials is dose and duration of exposure dependent. Further hematological, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultra-structural studies are recommended.

RESUMEN: Las nanopartículas de dióxido de titanio (TiO2 NP) se usan ampliamente en muchos productos comerciales, nanomedicina, agricultura, productos para el cuidado personal, diferentes industrias y preparaciones farmacéuticas con riesgo potencial para la salud humana y el medio ambiente. El trabajo actual se realizó para investigar el daño renal que podría ser inducido por la toxicidad aguda NP de TiO2. Un total de 40 ratas Wistar albinas adultas sanas (Rattus norvegicus) fueron expuestas a TiO2 NP (126, 252, 378 mg / kg de peso corporal) durante 24 y 48 h. Las muestras de los riñones de las ratas se procesaron para estudios histológicos e histoquímicos. En comparación con las ratas control, la exposición de las ratas a TiO2 NP presentaron las siguientes alteraciones glomerulares, tubulares e intersticiales: congestión glomerular, dilatación de la cápsula de Bowman, inflamación glomerular, túbulos renales aumentados, cariorrexis, cariólisis, infiltración de células inflamatorias, congestión, necrosis, degeneración hidrópica, dilatación y congestión de vasos sanguíneos, gotas y precipitaciones hialina, edema intersticial y fibrosis. A partir de los hallazgos del trabajo actual, se puede concluir que las NP de TiO 2 son capaces de inducir daño renal con más aislamiento en la corteza y en los túbulos contorneados proximales que en la médula y los túbulos contorneados distales, respectivamente. Además, se podría concluir que el daño renal inducido por estos nanomateriales depende de la dosis y la duración de la exposición. Se recomiendan estudios adicionales hematológicos, bioquímicos, inmunohistoquímicos y ultraestructurales.

Hydropic degeneration of leiomyoma in nongravid uterus: The "split fiber" sign on magnetic resonance imaging.

Extensive hydropic degeneration in uterine leiomyoma is a rare occurrence and is commonly reported in association with pregnancy. It is a close mimicker of malignancy due to rapid growth and atypical imaging appearances. Awareness of the imaging features helps in diagnosis, avoids unnecessary patient anxiety, and hence reassurance especially when encountered in pregnancy. We report two cases of extensive hydropic degeneration of leiomyoma in nonpregnant females with imaging and histopathology correlation. We also propose the "split fiber" sign as a useful magnetic resonance imaging feature for diagnosing this condition.

Mola hidatiforme parcial del segundo trimestre / Second trimester partial hydatidiform mole

La mola hidatiforme coexistente con un feto vivo es una entidad infrecuente que se caracteriza por la degeneración hidrópica de las vellosidades coriales, hiperplasia del trofoblasto y evidencia macroscópica de un feto. El objetivo del trabajo fue describir el caso clínico de una paciente con diagnóstico de mola parcial y edad gestacional de 23 semanas. Presentamos una paciente de 31 años remitida de consulta de perinatología con 22,5 semanas de gestación, tensión arterial elevada, signo de más y ecografía con 20 semanas que describe placenta con lagos venosos; con antecedentes de alfafetoproteína elevada. En el hospital empeoró su estado con una preeclampsia agravada, y con ecografía evolutiva que describe placenta de 71 mm, con múltiples lagos venosos. Se plantea posible enfermedad trofoblástica y se discute para interrupción del embarazo. Se realizó microcesárea, se obtiene feto muerto femenino de 600 gramos, con placenta de 400 gramos con múltiples vesículas que recuerdan la mola parcial, diagnóstico que se confirma posteriormente con estudio histopatológico. En la mola parcial, el embrión rara vez sobrevive hasta el segundo trimestre. Si no se realizan pruebas citogenéticas, posiblemente no se diagnostiquen porque los cambios histológicos suelen ser sutiles. La clínica, la fracción beta de la gonadotropina coriónica y el estudio de la placenta, el feto o ambos, son los que permitirán realizar el diagnóstico definitivo para determinar el seguimiento y disminuir las complicaciones(AU)

The hydatidiform mole coexisting with a living fetus is a rare entity that is characterized by hydropic degeneration of the chorionic villi, hyperplasia of the trophoblast and macroscopic evidence of a fetus. The objective of the study was to describe the clinical case of a patient with a diagnosis of partial mole and gestational age of 23 weeks. We present a 31-year-old patient referred for perinatology consultation with 22.5 weeks of gestation, high blood pressure, plus sign and ultrasound with 20 weeks describing placenta with venous lakes; and history of high alpha-fetoprotein. In the hospital, her condition worsened with aggravated preeclampsia, and with an evolving ultrasound, that describes a 71 mm placenta with multiple venous lakes. Possible trophoblastic disease arises and is discussed for termination of pregnancy. Micro-cesarean surgery was performed, a female fetus weighing 600 grams was obtained, a placenta of 400 grams with multiple vesicles that resemble partial mole. This diagnosis is later confirmed with histopathological study. In partial mole, the embryo rarely survives until the second trimester. If cytogenetic tests are not performed, they may not be diagnosed because the histological changes are usually subtle. The clinic, the beta fraction of the chorionic gonadotropin and the study of the placenta, the fetus or both, are the ones that will make the definitive diagnosis to determine the follow-up and decrease the complications(AU)

Megamitochondria formation in hepatocytes of patient with chronic hepatitis C - a case report.

Although chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affect 185 million people world-wide, pathomechanism of liver damage is still unclear. Electron microscopy can reveal liver injury in very early stage and help understanding the mechanisms that is crucial in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C. We present the morphological changes in the liver of HCV infected 24-year-old female patient, using light and transmission electron microscopy. Examination by TEM revealed wide range of specific subcellular abnormalities in hepatocellular ultrastructure. The most common observed changes were ring-shaped nuclei with intranuclear inclusion, megamitochondria, and "membranous web" structures - the hallmark of RNA-viruses infection.

Human health assessment for long-term oral ingestion of diethylene glycol.

Diethylene glycol (DEG) is an organic chemical that is used mostly as a chemical intermediate and has minor uses as a solvent or antifreeze in consumer products; these minor uses could result in potential human exposure. Potential short and long-term human exposures also occur from misuses. The considerable reporting of DEG misuses as a substitute for other solvents in drug manufacturing and summaries of important events in the history of DEG poisonings are reviewed. Given the potential for human exposure, the disposition and toxicity of DEG were examined, and a health assessment was performed. Toxicokinetics and metabolism studies are evaluated, along with a discussion on the renal toxicity mode of action in the rat. Additionally, in-depth assessments of the key animal research studies on the toxic effects of DEG from oral ingestion for various exposure time periods are presented with determination of NOAELs and LOAELs from the long-term exposure animal studies. These are applied in the derivation of a reference dose for a non-cancer endpoint from chronic exposure, resulting in a value of 0.3 mg DEG/kg bw.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles hepatotoxicity: Histological and histochemical study.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used in industry and cosmetic products with promising investment in medical diagnosis and treatment. However, these particles may reveal a high potential risk for human health with no information about hepatotoxicity that might be associated with their exposure. The present work was carried out to investigate the histological and histochemical alterations induced in the hepatic tissues by naked 35nm ZnO NPs. Male Wistar albino rats were exposed to ZnO NPs at a daily dose of 2mg/kg for 21days. Liver biopsies from all rats under study were subjected to histopathological examinations. In comparison with the control rats, the following histological and histochemical alterations were demonstrated in the hepatic tissues of rats exposed to ZnO NPs: sinusoidal dilatation, Kupffer cells hyperplasia, lobular and portal triads inflammatory cells infiltration, necrosis, hydropic degeneration, hepatocytes apoptosis, anisokaryosis, karyolysis, nuclear membrane irregularity, glycogen content depletion and hemosidrosis. The findings of the present work might indicate that ZnO NPs have potential oxidative stress in the hepatic tissues that may affect the function of the liver. More work is needed to elucidate the toxicity and pathogenesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the vital organs.

A subserosal, pedunculated, multilocular uterine leiomyoma with ovarian tumor-like morphology and histological architecture of adenomatoid tumors: a case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Uterine leiomyomas are common uterine tumors, and typical cases of leiomyoma are easily diagnosed by imaging study. However, uterine leiomyomas are often altered by degenerative changes, which can cause difficulty and confusion in their clinical diagnosis. We describe the 17th reported case of a uterine leiomyoma clinically diagnosed as an ovarian tumor; however, the present case shows the most detailed radiological evaluation, including contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. We first show that a uterine leiomyoma can histologically mimic an adenomatoid tumor. CASE PRESENTATION: A 47-year-old premenopausal, nulliparous Japanese woman with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia had lower abdominal pain. Ultrasonography confirmed a 6-cm mass in the right-sided space of the pelvic cavity. Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation showed that a multilocular mass was present near the uterus, and a mucinous ovarian tumor was considered. Emergency surgery due to acute abdomen was performed under the diagnosis of pedicle torsion of the ovarian tumor. During surgery, a pedunculated uterine mass without stalk torsion was seen. The mass grossly contained serous and hemorrhagic fluids in the cavities, and pathology examination confirmed that the mass was a leiomyoma with hydropic and cystic degeneration. Anastomosing thin cord-like arrangements of the leiomyoma cells mimicked the architecture of adenomatoid tumors. The tumor cells were positive for the microphthalmia transcription factor but negative for other melanoma markers. Three days postoperatively, she was discharged without sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: Marked intratumoral deposition of fluids may induce the multilocular morphology of a tumor, and the cellular arrangement of the tumor cells with hydropic degeneration mimicked an adenomatoid tumor in this case. Clinicians need to be aware that a subserosal leiomyoma with cystic and hydropic degeneration can mimic an ovarian tumor, and pathologists should be aware that such leiomyomas can mimic adenomatoid tumors. Additionally, perivascular epithelioid cell tumors should not be diagnosed only based on its immunoreactivity for the microphthalmia transcription factor.

Three-Dimensional Color/Power Doppler Sonography and HD live Silhouette Mode for Diagnosis of Molar Pregnancy.

We present our experience of using new 3-dimensional color/power Doppler sonography (HDliveFlow; GE Healthcare Japan, Tokyo, Japan) with the HD live silhouette mode for diagnosing complete molar pregnancy in the first trimester and differentiating it from missed abortion with hydropic degeneration. In the case of a complete mole, color Doppler sonography showed numerous vesicles without blood vessels, whereas HDliveFlow with the HD live silhouette mode clearly depicted these vesicles forming a mass with the clear demarcation of its edges and showed no blood flow inside the mass. In contrast to the hydropic abortion, which appeared as some vesicles with many blood vessels around them on color Doppler sonography, HDliveFlow with the HD live silhouette mode showed some vesicles embedded within the abundant blood vessels. The spatial relationship between the vesicles and surrounding highly vascularized uterus could be shown on HDliveFlow with the HD live silhouette mode. This technique might be beneficial as an additional diagnostic tool along with conventional color/power Doppler sonography, and it facilitates the early discrimination of these cases in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Pseudo-Meigs' syndrome associated with hydropic degenerating uterine leiomyoma: a case report.

Pseudo-Meigs' syndrome secondary to uterine leiomyoma is a rare entity. A 50-year-old Japanese woman presented with a 3-month history of shortness of breath. Chest X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging revealed massive right pleural effusion, ascites and a large subserosal uterine myoma. She underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The pathology was consistent with a benign leiomyoma. The ascites and pleural effusion rapidly disappeared postoperatively. The serum interleukin-6 level was 3.9 pg/mL before surgery and declined to 1.6 pg/mL postoperatively. Previous published work has demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 may play a role in the pathogenesis of Meigs' syndrome and that vascular endothelial growth factor may contribute to the development of pseudo-Meigs' syndrome due to metastatic ovarian cancer. This is the first English-language study showing the possibility that interleukin-6 is relevant to the pathogenesis of pseudo-Meigs' syndrome caused by degenerating uterine leiomyoma.

A rare case report of clear cell variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Clear cell squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an extremely rare heterogenous group of malignant tumour with incompletely understood aetiology. We, hereby present a case of clear cell variant of squamous carcinoma on buccal mucosa in 52-year-old male patient. Histopathology showed sheets of squamous cells with clear cell differentiation and malignant features. Histochemical findings showed negative staining for Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), mucicarmine and Oil Red O. Immunohistochemical investigations revealed positive staining for CK 8-18 and negative for S-100. We conclude by emphasizing on the need of careful analysis of all the histopathological and IHC investigations. To predict the exact prognosis of this rare variant more number of case reports are expected to be published in future.

Histological and histochemical alterations in the liver induced by lead chronic toxicity.

Adult males of the Wistar albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were exposed to lead acetate trihydrate in drinking water (0.0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% for 1-12 months) to investigate histological and histochemical alterations induced by lead intoxication in the liver. Chronic exposure to subtoxic concentrations of lead produced changes in the hepatocytes, portal triads and the sinusoids. The alterations in the hepatocytes were mainly anisokaryosis, nuclear vesiculation, binucleation, cytoplasmic inclusions, cytoplasmic swelling, hydropic degeneration, necrosis and reduction in glycogen content. In addition, portal triads mild chronic inflammation, Kupffer cells hyperplasia and occasional fatty change were seen together with hemosiderosis. No portal fibrosis or cirrhosis was detected due to chronic subtoxic doses of lead exposure in the liver of any member of the dose groups over the entire period of the study. Chronic lead exposure also increased the activities of alkaline phosphatase and α-glycerophosphate-dehydrogenase which might be an adaptation to the metabolic, structural and functional changes in the organelles of hepatic cells due to lead intoxication. The findings revealed that chronic exposure to lead produced significant histological and histochemical changes in the liver of the Wistar albino rats.